In the fourth century BCE, Georgian principalities found themselves involved in the whirlwind of Alexander the Great’s campaign in the east. There is no historical evidence that Alexander or his generals campaigned in the Caucasus, but Georgian chronicles describe ‘Greek’ troops reaching Iberia/Kartli, which they occupied and placed under the governorship of Azo (Azon). Greek authorities proved to be harsh and uncompromising which caused the local population to rebel. According to Georgian historical tradition, young Parnavaz, a nephew of the last ruler of Iberia who was assassinated by the Greeks, contacted Eristavi Quji of Egrisi and, with his support, launched a successful rebellion against Azo. Parnavaz, who married the daughter of Quji, thus controlled both the eastern and western Georgian principalities. He founded the Parnavazid dynasty and divided the kingdom into seven regions under governorship of eristavis and established Shida Kartli as a special region ruled by a spaspet. Despite the lack of tangible proof, King Parnavaz is often credited with the spreading of the Georgian alphabet throughout the kingdom and introducing the cult of Armazi and the goddess of fertility Zadeni. Archaeological evidence revealed the Iberian capital of Mtskheta as an advanced city with its own acropolis, baths and other amenities.

Under later Parnavazid kings, the kingdoms of Iberia and Colchis/Egrisis found themselves facing major change in the balance of power in Asia Minor. In 190 BCE, the Seleucid Empire fell to the Romans while the weakened Persia was unable to prevent the rise of the powerful Armenian kingdom under Artashes (Artaxias). Armenian rulers greatly expanded their territory that also incorporated some Georgian regions. After the death of King Parnajom of Iberia, the Armenian king Arshak took over his throne, establishing an Armenian hegemony over eastern Georgia. In the first century, Armenia reached its zenith under King Tigran II the Great, who allied himself to his father-in-law Mithradates Eupator of Pontus (111-63 BCE) against Rome. Western Georgians were also allied with Pontus, where Georgian tribes (Laz/Chan, Colchians, Chalybes, etc) constituted a large part of the population and served in the armies of King Mithradates in Greece and Asia Minor. In 65 BCE, the Roman General Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus defeated Pontus and marched against Iberia, where King Artag was forced to recognize Roman sovereignty, sending lavish gifts of gold and his children as hostages. Meanwhile, Pompeius crossed the mountains into Colchis, where he campaigned in search of the mythical Golden Fleece and chained titan Prometheus. Thus, Colchis-Egrisi and Kartli-Iberia were recognized as client states of Rome. The wealth and might of these principalities were attested by famous Greek scholar Strabo, who described eastern and western Georgian lands in his Geography.

Roman power was never firm in eastern Georgia, which remained under the Persian sphere of influence for the greater part of its existence. In 37-36 BCE, Iberians refused to participate in Emperor Marc Antony’s campaigns against Parthia and a large anti-Roman rebellion began in 36. The punitive expedition of Publius Canidus Crassus was the last Roman effort to conquer eastern Georgia. However, the western Georgian principality of Colchis/Egrisi remained under direct Roman administration and struggled for its independence. In 69 CE, a powerful insurrection, led by a former slave Anicetus, succeeded in temporarily driving the Romans out of Colchis but was later defeated. By the second century, several principalities (Lazica, Abasgia, etc.) emerged in western Georgia and recognized the sovereignty of Rome.

In the first-second centuries CE, the Kingdom of Kartli (Iberia) emerged as a relatively strong state as its rulers took advantage of the struggle between Rome and Parthia. King Parsman (Pharasmenes) actively interfered in the affairs of the neighboring Armenian kingdom, placing his brother Mithradates (35-51 CE) on the Armenian throne in the mid-first century, and skillfully maneuvering between the powerful empires of Rome and Parthia. The Iberian presence in Armenia weakened after the Treaty of Rhandeia of 63 CE between Rome and Parthia allotted the privilege of nomination to the Parthian Arsacids and the right of investiture to the emperor of Rome. The Roman emperors sought to gain the support of the kings of Kartli (Iberia) against the Parthians. Emperor Vespasian (69-79) had a wall erected in Mtskheta with inscription that King Mithridates (Mihrdat) of Kartli (Iberia) was “the friend of the Caesars” and the ruler “of the Roman-loving Iberians.” Another King Parsman (mid-second century) openly defied Rome and refused to pay homage to the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138) during the latter’s visit of Roman provinces in Asia Minor, although the Roman emperor presented him with a war elephant and 500 troops. With the help of the Alans, Parsman attacked the Roman and Parthian vassal states in Albania, Armenia and Cappadocia. Under Hadrian’s successor, Emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161), the relations between the Roman Empire and Kartli (Iberia) significantly improved and King Parsman, accompanied by a large retinue, visited Rome where he received a royal welcome; according to the Roman historian Cassius Dio, he was given the special privilege of offering a sacrifice on the Capitol and having his equestrian statue placed in the Temple of Bellona.

The fortunes of Kartli changed with the rise of the Sassanid kingdom in Persia in the third century CE, when the Iberian kings were forced to recognize the Sasanid supremacy; the Sasanid rulers appointed their viceroys (pitiaxæ/vitaxae) to keep watch on Georgian lands. The office of pitiaxæ eventually became hereditary in the ruling house of Lower Kartli, thus inaugurating the Kartli pitiaxæat, which brought an extensive territory under Sasanid control. In the third century, the Roman Empire briefly regained Kartli under Emperor Aurelian (270-275) but lost it a decade later. The Persians placed their candidate Mirian (Meribanes, 284-361) on the throne of eastern Georgia. Mirian’s reign proved decisive since he became the first Georgian ruler to adopt Christianity.

The rise and spread of Christianity, which continued for several centuries, had a profound effect on the Georgian principalities. Georgian tradition holds that two members of the Jewish community of Mtskheta were present at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and brought back a number of holy relics, including Christ’s chiton that was buried near Mtskheta. The Christian tradition also claims the allotment of the “Iberian” lands to Virgin Mary, who is, thus, considered the main protector and intercessor of Georgia. Georgian Orthodox Church credits the introduction of Christianity to Apostles Andrew the First Called, Simon the Canaanite, Mathias, Bartholomew and Thaddeus, who preached in western and southwestern Georgia in the first century.

The Sasanid Empire and its Zoroastrian religion had a firm hold in eastern Georgia and delayed the spread of Christianity for another three centuries. In the early fourth century, Saint Nino of Cappadocia preached the Christian message in Iberia and succeeded in persuading King Mirian and his consort, Queen Nana, to proclaim it a state religion in Eastern Georgia around 337; although technically marking the start of conversion only in Iberia, this event is now considered as the official conversion of all of Georgia. However, Christianity was already well established in western Georgia and Bishop Stratophilus of Bichvinta had attended the first Ecumenical Council held in Nicea in 325. Sixty years later, western Georgian bishops were joined by Bishop Pantophilus of Kartli at the second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople in 381. The Georgian Orthodox Church was initially under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic See of Antioch, but became autocephalous (independent) in 466 when the Bishop of Mtskheta was elevated to the rank of Catholicos of Kartli. Another important development took place in the sixth century, when Georgian church leaders rejected Monophysitism (Armenia accepted it in 506 and the split with the Georgian church was complete by 607) and supported the Chalcedonian creed, drawing Georgia closer to the Byzantine Empire, and later to the Christian Europe, and further from SasanianPersia, that was more tolerant of the Monophysites.

Conversion to Christianity had long-lasting consequences for Georgia. Situated at the crossroads of the West and the East, Georgia now took political orientation towards the West/Europe and firmly tied its future and culture to Western civilization. The introduction of Christianity stimulated a vigorous development of arts and letters. Although pre-Christian Georgian literature seems to have been destroyed in the process, Georgia underwent a cultural transformation. Monasticism flourished and many important religious works were translated into Georgian. One of the earliest surviving examples of Georgian original hagiographic literature re the fifth century Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik and Life of Saint Nino. The widespread construction of churches promoted rapid improvement in architecture and gradually a unique cruciform style of church architecture was developed, evident in the basilica-type churches of Bolnisi and Urbnisi (fifth century) and the cruciform domed Jvari Church (late sixth century).

Christianity in Georgia was put to severe tests from the very beginning. Sasanian Persia promoted the teachings of Zoroaster and helped spread Mazdaism throughout eastern Georgia. Shah Yazdegerd II (438-457), convinced that a single religion would enhance the unity of his empire, endeavored to convert Georgians to Mazdaism and dispatched Zoroastrian magi to Kartli to take charge of the conversion. Many Georgian nobles submitted, but their commitment to the new faith proved shallow. Efforts to convert the common people were less successful since Christianity appeared to have struck deep roots among them.

In the fifth-sixth centuries, Christian Kartli (Iberia) struggled against Persian domination. This period produced King Vakhtang Gorgasali (452-502), one of the most colorful personalities in the history of Georgia. The son of King Mihrdat V, he was nicknamed Gorgasali (“wolf headed,” from the Persian Gorg-a-sar) because of the shape of his helmet. Married to a Persian princess, he extended his authority to the Byzantium-held Egrisi (Lazica) and Abasgia, subdued the warlike tribes of Alans (Oss, Ossetes) and secured the autocephalous status for the Georgian Orthodox Church. Married to an Iranian princess, Vakhtang participated in the Persian campaigns against the Byzantine Empire between 455 and 458 but later grew irritated with the Persian interference in his affairs. In 482, he, in alliance with the Armenians, led an uprising against Persia, but internal dissension and the failure to secure help from Byzantine Emperor Justinian doomed the rebellion; Georgia was ravaged by the Persian punitive expeditions in 483 and 484. In 502, Vakhtang led another uprising that proved to be more successful. The Georgians defeated Shah Kavad’s army on the Samgori Plains in Kartli, but King Vakhtang himself was mortally injured when one of his renegade servants betrayed him and wounded him through an armpit defect of his armor. One of his lasting legacies was the transferring of the capital from Mtskheta to the nearby small fortress of Tbilisi.

The death of King Vakhtang seriously weakened Kartli (Iberia) and exposed it to Persian encroachment. In 523, King Gurgen rose in rebellion but was defeated; Kartli was occupied and the Iberian monarchy was later abolished. Persian officials introduced heavy taxation and Mazdaizing policies. Having subdued Kartli, Persia moved into Western Georgia, where it clashed with the Byzantine Empire. In the mid-520s, King Tsate of Lazica broke his alliance with Persia and supported the Byzantine rulers, who deployed their forces at Tskhisdziri (Petra). The rulers of Egrisi/Lazica tried to use the hostility between Byzantium and Persia to their own advantage, but the war devastated western Georgia. Persia invaded Lazica several times but the alliance between the rulers of Lazica and Constantinople endured. However, in 554, King Gubaz of Egrisi was assassinated by Byzantine officials on the Khobistskali River. In response, the dismayed population of Egrisi summoned a national assembly, where two notables, Aietes and Phartazes, gave their famed speeches on whether to continue supporting Byzantium or turn to Persia. In the end, Egrisi sided with the Byzantine Empire, feeling cultural and religious affinity with it. By 562, the joint efforts of Egrisi and Byzantium culminated in the expulsion of Persia from western Georgia. Lazica became a province of the Byzantine Empire.

The Byzantine-Persian rivalry had serious consequences for Iberia. Sasanid rulers held eastern Georgian under their suzerainty while local princes led by mamasakhlisi (prince-regent) of Kartli/Iberia) ran the government. When the Byzantine Emperor Maurice attacked Persia in 582, Georgian nobles supported him in hopes of restoring the kingdom of Iberia. Iberian autonomy was restored in 588, but Emperor Maurice appointed a curopalates (presiding prince) instead of a king. The first curopalates, Guaram (588-602) and his heirs were caught between the warring Persia and Byzantium. In 591, Constantinople and the Sasanid Empire agreed to divide Iberia between them, with Tbilisi remaining in Persian hands and Mtskheta, the old capital, under Byzantine control. In the early seventh century, the truce between Byzantium and Persia collapsed and Erismtavari Stepanoz I of Iberia (ca. 590-627) succeeded in reuniting the eastern Georgian territories. As the war between the Byzantine and Sasanid empires continued, Georgian principalities were often turned into battlegrounds. In 627-628, the campaigns of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius ensured Byzantine predominance in western Georgia and significantly weakened Iberia/Kartli, exposing it to the arrival of the new conqueror.


Historical Dictionary of Georgia
by Alexander Mikaberidze (Author)
Series: Historical Dictionaries of Europe (Book 50)
Hardcover: 784 pages
Publisher: Scarecrow Press (March 16, 2007)
Language: English
ISBN-13: 978-0810855809
ISBN-10: 0810855801

Georgians are believed to derive from indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus. Historical and archeological evidence indicates that humans inhabited this region since primordial times. The oldest traces of human habitation, dating back 1.77 million years, were found near Dmanisi, in eastern Georgia, and provided tantalizing insights into the development of homo erectus. In the later periods, humans settled in the Trancaucasian region more frequently and ancient stations were found throughout the country, notably at Yashtkhva, Rukhi, Katskhi and Lashebalta. During the Mousterian period (100,000 to 35,000 years ago), the human population grew on the Black Sea coast and in the Rioni-Kvirila basin, where archeologists found traces of human habitation in the Jruchi, Sagvarjile and Chakhati caves. Late Paleolithic period stations were unearthed at Devis Khvreli and Sakazhia, and the discoveries from the Neolithic era were made at Anaseuli, Gurianta, Khutsubani, Odishi, Kistriki, Zemo Alvani, etc.


Rise of Societies And States

Between ca. 11000 and 9000 BCE, hunters and gatherers established permanent settlements in Southern Caucasia. In the Chalcolithic period (ca. 6400–3800 BCE), Shulaveri-Shomu culture flourished using obsidian for tools, raising animals and growing crops, including grapes. The fourth and third millennia BCE saw gradual development of agriculture and cattle breeding. From ca. 4000 to 2200 BCE, the Kura-Araxes (Early Transcaucasian) culture pervaded Southern Caucasia and the Armenian Plateau, producing distinctive handmade pottery with burnished black exteriors and red interiors, portable andirons of clay and new kinds of bronze tools and weapons. It gradually broke up but survived in some places until as late as ca. 1500 BCE. In the Bronze Age, several highly developed cultures developed on the territory of Georgia that are represented in the large barrows in Trialeti (ca.2200-1500) which produced four-wheeled wooden carriages, precious goblets and silverware.

At the end of the third millennium, the Hittites established their state in eastern Anatolia and had considerable influence on the neighboring proto-Georgian tribes. Two major cultures existed on the territory of Georgia, the Western Georgian, also known as Colchian (Kolkhuri) and the Eastern Georgian or Iberian. There was also a number of proto-Georgian tribes in Asia Minor which had close interaction with major powers of the ancient Near East, especially with the Hittites and Assyria. Assyrian inscriptions from the 11th century BCE describe proto-Georgian tribes of Kashkai, Mushki and Tubal that lived in eastern Anatolia. Georgian tribes of the early Bronze Age were well known for their sophisticated metallurgy. The Bible makes mention of Thubals/Tubalcain as one of the pioneers in metalworking.

The increasing sophistication of these early Georgian cultures led to the emergence of the tribal confederations of Diauchi (Diauehi, Daiaeni, Tao) and Colchis (Kolkha) at the end of the second millennium BCE in southwestern and western Georgia respectively. Diaochi was engaged in a war with the powerful kingdoms of Assyria and Urartu and the inscriptions of the Urartu kings Menua (ruled 810-786 BCE) and Argishti (786-764) reveal the wealth and power of this early confederation. In his Odyssey, Homer mentions King Aietes and his mighty kingdom of Colchis while Apollonius of Rhodes, in his Argonautica of the third century BCE, left a detailed account of the legendary expedition of Argonauts to seize the famed Golden Fleece.

In the mid-eighth century BCE, the Diaochi confederation was destroyed and part of its territory was annexed by the neighboring Colchis, which now found itself facing the hostile Urartu. The Urartian King Sardur II (764-735) led several campaigns against Colchis around 750-741 BCE, significantly weakening and exposing it to the attacks of northern tribes. By 720 BCE, the Cimmerian incursions from the north destroyed Colchis and significantly affected local society and culture. Some Georgian tribes were scattered into remote regions of south Caucasia and others found themselves subjected by the Medes and Persians. In the subsequent century, new tribal confederations were established, the most important of them being Speri (Sasperi) in the upper reaches of the Chorokhi River and the new kingdom of Colchis, known as Egrisi, in Western Georgia. Egrisi enjoyed close relations with the newly established Greek colonies - Phasis (in the vicinity of present-day Poti), Gyenos (Ochamchire), Dioscurias (Sukhumi), Anakopia (Akhali Atoni) and Pitius (Bichvinta) - on the Black Sea coast and the Greek sources provide fascinating insights into ancient Western Georgian society. Excavations at Vani, Dablagomi and Sairkhe in western Georgia revealed a sophisticated and urbanized society which struck its own silver coins known as the Colchian white (kolkhuri tetri) that were widely circulated in the Transcaucasia.

By the seventh century BCE, the Georgian principalities were affected by the rise of powerful Median and later Persian kingdoms. Herodotus informs us that the proto-Georgian tribes of Tibarenes, Mossinikoi, Macrones, Moschi, and others made up the 18th and 19th satrapies of the Achaemenid Persia. While most Persian subjects paid taxes, Colchians were exempt from them but delivered a tribute of 200 girls and boys every five years. The Greek and Persian presence in the Transcaucasia exposed Georgian societies to thriving commerce, economic and commercial ties with other regions and considerably affected the socio-economic development of the region. The period saw the consolidation of Eastern Georgia (Iberia) and the migration of some Georgian tribes, the most important of them being Moschi/Meskhi from the Asia Minor, which settled in the central Kartli and founded the future Iberian capital of Mtskheta (city of Meskhi). By the time the famous Greek general Xenophon marched with his 10,000 soldiers through Asia Minor in 401-400 BCE, the Colchians and other proto-Georgian tribes had freed themselves from the Persians. Xenophon’s Anabasis described in detail the tribes of Chalybes, Taochi, Phasians, Mossynoeci and others the Greeks encountered. These proto-Georgians lived in communal societies and often warred with one another.


Historical Dictionary of Georgia
by Alexander Mikaberidze (Author)
Series: Historical Dictionaries of Europe (Book 50)
Hardcover: 784 pages
Publisher: Scarecrow Press (March 16, 2007)
Language: English
ISBN-13: 978-0810855809
ISBN-10: 0810855801

BASIC LAW (CONSTITUTION) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia (The Constitution was adopted and enacted by the Third Session of the Third Convocation of the CEC of the Abkhaz SSR on 27 October 1926;  the text was approved, without changes at the Forth Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR on 7 march 1927)
Chapter one
General Provisions
(...)
2.  The Republic of Abkhazia is a socialist state of Workers and peasants united on the basis of Union Treaty with the Georgian SSR, enters Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic though the Georgian SSR and as a member of latter, the USSR.
3. The Supreme power of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia belongs to the Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies of Abkhazia, and, in periods between the convocation of the congress, to the Soviet Central Executive Committee of Abkhazia.
4. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia exercises independent state authority on its territory outside of spheres specified for in the Union Treaty with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgian and listed in the Constitutions of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and of the Georgian SSR.
5. The territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia may not be altered without its consent.
6. The citizens of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, retaining the citizenship of the Republic, at the same time are the citizens of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic.  All rights and responsibilities established for the citizens of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia by this Constitution and the laws of the  Republic, shall apply to the citizens of other Union Soviet Republics being on the territory of the Soviet Republic of Abkhazia.
Proceeding from the solidarity of workers of all countries and nations, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia secures the rights of foreigners belonging to the working class, residing on its territory for working purposes, as well as of farmers not using the others’ labour.
7. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia recognizes the equal rights of citizens irrespective of race or nationality, any direct or indirect limitation of the rights of citizens or establishment of any privileges on grounds of race or nationality, or any discrimination of national minorities or restriction their equality shall be deemed as violation of the laws of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
8. The languages of state institutions on the territory of Abkhaz SSR  are: Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian.
Note 1. All the nationalities of the USSR shall be secured the right to develop and use freely their native language in national-cultural, as well as in state organizations.
Note 2. The language for administrative- territorial entities (Districts, counties, rural settlements) shall be determined by the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Chapter II
The relations between the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the basis of Union Treaty
17. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, enters the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the basis of Union Treaty and through the Georgian SSR it  enters the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
18. The representatives of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall take part in the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets on the basis of following norm: one deputy for 10 000 inhabitants from the places where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of population, and one deputy for 2000 voters from the places where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of constituency.
19.  All-Georgian Congress of Soviets shall elect the representatives of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia; number of representatives shall be determined by the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets.
20. The Congress of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Central Executive Committee and its presidium, as well as the organs of local authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be organized in conformity to the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
21. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall appoint the Council of People’s Commissars of Abkhazia consisting of the Chairman, the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Public Economy and People’s Commissars leading the following commissariats: Internal Affairs, justice, Education, health-care, Agriculture, and Social Protection.  Upon the decision of the Central Executive Committee of Abkhazia, the Council of People’s Commissars also shall include the plenipotentiary representatives (with deliberative or casting vote) of People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Worker’s and Peasants’ Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The people’s Commissariats of Internal Affairs, justice, Education, health-Care, Agriculture and Social Security shall be independent in their activity from the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and inform each other about their activity.
The Supreme Council of Public Economy is subordinate to the Central Executive Committee and the Council of people’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and executes the directives of the Supreme Council of public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The plenipotentiary representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate are under direct subordination of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the shall submit the reports on their activity to the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
22. The organs of state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall have the right to issue the legal acts biding on the territory of the Republic on the matters outside of joint state management (Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, health-care, Agriculture and Social Security).
The Codes, Decrees and Decisions adopted by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia applied to the entire territory of the Georgian SSR, shall be binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; for the purpose of developing the said acts, the supreme organs of state authority of the Abkhaz SSR may issue the legal acts that are binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
23. In the matters of common (Finance, Labour and Workers’ and peasants’ Inspectorate) and joint (Public Economy) management, all decrees and ordinances issued by the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall have the binding force on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; within the sphere of joint state management the supreme organs of state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall have the right to issue the legal acts aimed at developing the legal acts of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; those acts shall be binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
24. All-Georgian Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive committee of All-Georgia shall have the right to revoke the Resolutions of the Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee and of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia that contravene to the provisions specified for in Chapter II of this Constitution.
25. The Budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, approved by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a constituent part of the All-state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia subject to approval of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia.
All local revenues and expenditures on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be consolidated into the local budget on the basis of All-Union and Trans-Caucasus SFSR legislation.
Chapter III.
Jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and the Central
Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
26. The following matters under the sole jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia:
a) determination, addition and amendment of the basic principles to the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, final approval of partial changes to the Constitution adopted by the Central Executive Committee in the period between the Congress of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
b) Deciding the issues on changing the boundaries of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
27. The issues of common character are under the jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, except those that are under the jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the Georgian SSR in conformity to the Union and TCSFSR Constitutions and Chapter Two of this Constitution.
The jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall cover:
a) General management of internal policy and public economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
b) Administrative division of the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
c) Establishment of the bases for the public economy and certain branches on the territory of the Soviet socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
d) Determination of taxes and duties established by the fiscal legislation;
e) The right of amnesty of the territory of Abkhaz SSR, as well as the right of pardon and rehabilitation of citizens convicted by courts and administrative agencies of the Republic;
f) The right to suspend the decisions of the District Congress of Soviets and their executive committees that violate this constitution and the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia currently in force;
g) All the matter the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia deem necessary to be considered.
29. Besides the matters listed above the Congress of Soviets and the central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are authorized to deal with other issues in conformity to the Constitutions and legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
29. The Decisions adopted by the highest organs of state authority of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the limit of their jurisdiction, as well as the legal acts of supreme organs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia in conformity to Chapter II of this Constitution.  No other organs, except the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and in certain cases the presidium of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars, have the right to issue the legal acts of all-state significance on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Chapter IV
Organization of Soviet Power The Congress of
Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
30. Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is composed of representatives of the District Congresses of Soviets on the basis of following norm: one deputy for 1000 inhabitants from the places where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of population, and one deputy for 2000 voters from the places where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of constituency.
31. The Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia elects the Central Executive Committee; the number of members to the Central Executive Committee of Abkhazia shall be determined by the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
32. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia convens the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia once a year.
Note: in the vent of special circumstances impeding the convocation of the Congress, the Central Executive Committee has the right to postpone the convocation of the Congress.
33. The Special Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be convoked by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia upon its own initiative or at a request of the local Soviets and Congresses of Soviets having not less than one-third of the entire population of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
b) The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
34. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the supreme legislative, executive and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
35. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, within the limits of its competence specified for in Chapter II of this Constitution, has the right to issue Cods, Decrees and Decisions upon its own initiative, consider and approve the draft-laws submitted by the Council of People’s Commissars.
36. All of Decrees and Decisions specifying the common norms of political and economic life of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, the state budget of Abkhazia and the acts introducing the substantial changes to the established practice of the organs of state authority shall be considered and approved by the Central Executive Committee.
37. The Central Executive Committee shall direct in a general way the activity of the Workers’ and Peasants’ government and of all organs of the soviet authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and it shall coordinate and regulate the operation of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Resolutions of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as of the decisions of the supreme organs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and of the Georgian SSR specified for under Chapter Two of this Constitution.
40. The Central Executive Committee elects the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and determines the sphere of its activity.
42. In period between the convocation of the sessions of the Central Executive Committee, the Presidium it the supreme legislative, executive and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
43. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee issues the decrees, decisions and ordinances on behalf of the Central executive Committee, approves the draft-laws submitted by the Council of People’s Commissars for consideration.
44. The Presidium of Central Executive Committee shall observe the implementation of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and all of the Resolutions of the Congresses of Soviets and of the Central Executive Committee by all organs of state authority; it represents the highest organ in the centre and at the local levels.
45. In the period between the convocation of sessions, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to appoint the individual People’s Commissars upon recommendation of the Council of People’s Commissars subject to consequent approval by the Central Executive Committee, as well as of other officials of supreme organs appointment of which is a competence of the Central Executive Committee.
46. The presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to consider the petition on pardon and rehabilitation in political rights.
47. The presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to suspend and revoke the decisions and ordinances issued by the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as of the People’s Commissars, Central  and District organs of state authority and district executive committees, and the decisions adopted by the District Congresses of Soviets.
48. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee resolves the disputes between the central and local organs of state authority.
c) The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
50. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the executive and administrative organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; The Council of People’s Commissars is entrusted with the general management of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
52. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, within the limits of its rights determined by the Central Executive Committee and operating on the basis of Regulations on the Council of People’s Commissars, has the right to issue decrees and decisions that are binding on the entire territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
53. The Republican Economic Forum shall be established at the Council of People’s Commissars, which operates on the basis of special Regulations for directing the economic policy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and represents the organ under direct subordination to the Supreme Economic Council of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
54.  The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is responsible to the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and its Presidium.
d) The People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
55. For the purpose of direct administration of certain branches of the state management within the competence of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the following People’s Commissariats shall be formed: Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, health-Care, Agriculture, Social Security and the Supreme Council of Public Economy operating on the basis of special Regulations established for them.
56. The People’s Commissariats are led by the People’s Commissars, who are the members of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
59. The People’s Commissars and the Board (panel) at the People’s Commissariats are entirely responsible to the Council of People’s Commissars, the Central Executive Committee and its Presidium.
60. The relation of the Supreme Council of Public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and the plenipotentiary representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour, and the Workers’ and peasants Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia with the corresponding Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the Supreme organs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is determined under Article 21 of this Constitution.
61. The Orders of the People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia may be revoked by the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.  The Ordinances of the Supreme Council of Public Economy and of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate may be revoked: with regard of the Supreme Council of Public Economy by the Supreme Council of Public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia if they are not based on the instruction of the Central Executive Committee, its presidium or the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; with regard of Plenipotentiary representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, labour and Workers’ and peasants’ Inspectorate they may be revoked by the relevant peoples’ Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia if those ordinances contravene to the directives or legislation on common and joint management.
d) Local organs of state authority: District Congress of Soviets, District Executive Committees and the Soviets of Deputies and their executive organs
62. The District Congress of Soviets is the Supreme Organ of state authority on the territory of District; in the period between convocation of Congress the District Executive Committee is the supreme organ of state authority.
69. For the purpose of direct management of certain branches on the territory of District, the District Executive Committees form the Department; the structure and competence of those departments shall be determined by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
70.  The Departments of the District Executive Committee are under direct subordination of the District Executive Committee and its Presidium; they are obliged to execute all of the instructions and orders of the district executive committee and its Presidium, as well as of the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
f) The Courts and Procurator
79. For the purpose of legal protection of the Workers’ and peasants’ State and for strengthening the revolutionary justice and protection of the public order, as well as for securing the economic interests of the state and working masses, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia forms the unified system of the People’s Court and the Procurator’s Office operating on the basis of procedural rules basic principles of which are determined by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
80. The judicial organs and the Procurator shall be guided by the civil and criminal legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and in relevant cases in accordance to this Constitution and the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia based on the principles established by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, and in conformity to the laws operating on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; in the event of lack of such legislation, in conformity to the common spirit of the Soviet legislation and the interests of the Workers’ and Peasants’ state.
Chapter VI
Budgetary Rights of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
90. The state revenue and expenditure of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are combined in the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
91. The state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, after consideration by the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, shall be approved by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia or its presidium.
92.  The state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a part of the budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and it shall be approved by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia as a constituent part of the All-state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
93. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, within the limits established by the All-Union and Trans-Caucasus fiscal legislation and legal acts having the binding force on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia on the basis of this Constitution, shall establish the rules for drafting, examination, approval and execution of the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
94. The revenue sources of the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the expenditure of this budget shall be determined in pursuance to the legislation of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR within the limits established by the All-Union legislation.
95. All taxes and duties on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be introduced in conformity to the All-Union legislation.
98. All local revenues and expenditures are combined in the local budgets in conformity to the All-Union and Trans-Caucasus SFSR legislation and to the legal acts issued by the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia for development of the aforementioned legislation.  The rules for drafting, examination, approval and execution of the local budget shall be established on the basis of same order.
100. The reports on implementation of the budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be approved by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Chapter VII.
The Coat of Arms, Flag and Capital City of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
101. The coat of arms of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of the background with the landscape of Abkhazia on which a golden scythe and hammer are places.  On the top there is a five-pointed star in sun-rays. The coat of arms is surrounded by corn, tobacco and grape wreath inscribes in three languages, Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian: „Abkhaz SSR“ and „Workers pf all the Countries, Unite!“
102. The state flag of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of red cloth or purple linen, in the left top corner of which are placed scythe and hammer and above them the five-pointed star surrounded with a golden swath, inscribed four letters: ASSR. The size 1:2.
103. The capital of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is city of Sukhum.
27 October 1926
(The Congresses of Soviets of the USSR, Union and Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, v. 6., p. 711-729)


INSTRUCTION on elections of the Workers, Peasants and Red Army deputies and on con-
vocation of the Congresses of the Soviets
10. The following electoral commissions will be set up for the Soviet Elections:
a) Central Electoral Commission;
b) Electoral Commissions of the Union Republic of Abkhazia, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
(…)
11. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall act in a capacity of the Central Electoral Commission in order to lead the elections in the whole of the Republic.  This Commission consists of 17 members.  It shall include: Chairman and the representatives of the Central Executive Committee; representatives from the Trade Union Council; representative of the Young Leninian’s Communist Union (Komsomol), representative of the Women’s Department of the Communist Party of Georgia, representative of the Red Army, representative of the national minorities, workers – engaged in the enterprises, peasants – engaged in agriculture activity.
(…)
12.  The Presidiums of the Central Executive Committees of the Union Republic of Abkhazia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia represent the electoral commissions.  These commission shall consist of 11 members: Chairman – approved by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia; two representatives from the respective executive committee; one from trade union, one from Komsomol, one from Women’s Local Department; one from respective City Council; one from minorities, one from Red Army and two from Peasants’ Society.  The aforementioned Commission shall operate on the basis of this Instruction.
17.  In Sukhumi, Batumi and Tskhinvali the elections will be organized respectively by the Electoral Commissions of the Union Republic of Abkhazia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia. The Presidiums of the Executive Committees of the aforementioned entities may set up Electoral Commissions in the mentioned cities for organizing the elections.
19. In the Electoral Precincts of the city Tbilisi the Presidium of Executive committee of Tbilisi shall set up the precinct commissions composed of five members.  The Chairmen of these precincts will be appointed by the Executive Committee of Tbilisi City.  In addition, the Garrison Electoral Commission will be set up upon the same rule for organizing the lections at the military units dislocated there.
Note: The Electoral Commissions may be set up on the basis of the rules specified for in this Article in Sukhumi, Batumi, Poti and in the central towns of the districts by the presidiums of the central executive committees of the Union Republic of Abkhazia,  Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Poti City Executive Committee and the Presidiums of the District Executive Committees respectively.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia S. Todria
22 December 1926
(Collection of Laws and Decrees adopted by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Georgian SSR, N7, 1926, p. 414)

 
1927
EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N1 OF THE SITTING OF THE SMALL PRESIDIUM IF
THE CEC OF THE TRANS-CAUCASUS
13 January 1927
Heard: on the Supreme Governing Organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia (Minutes of the Presidium of the Trans-Caucasus CEC, N 5; 1926); file N 0012/1/18
Decided:
Considering timely the reorganization of the supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia, comrade Shaverdov shall submit the report on this issue to the relevant governing organ.
Secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus A. Shaverdov
Authentic with original: Technical assistance of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR
Khoroshilova (signed)
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc. I, file 961, p. 1)


DECREE on the City Soviets of the Georgian SSR issued by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR
In accordance with Article 67 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee Decrees:
2. The City Soviets in Tbilisi, Batumi, Sukhumi, Kutaisi, Chiatura and Gori shall elect the chairman and the Presidium composed of no more than 25 people in Tbilisi and 11 in other cities.
10. The City Soviets shall be elected upon the following rule: in Tbilisi - 1 deputy for 200 electors, in Kutaisi – for 150, in Batumi – for 100, in Sukhumi, Chiatura, Gori, Poti, Khashuri, Borjomi and Samtredia – for 50.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia S. Todria
25 January 1927
(Messenger of the CEC and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 3-4, 1927, p. 5-7)


MINUTES OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESS OF THE WORKERS, PEASANTS AND RED
ARMY DEPUTIES OF SOUTH OSSETIA
12-16 March 1927
Heard:
On unification of North and South Ossetia.
Decided:
8. Expressing the will of the Working Masses of South Ossetia, the Seventh Congress of the Councils of South Ossetia reaffirms the Resolutions of the previous Congresses on unification of the North and South Ossetia.  For better cultural and economic development of the both parts of Ossetia the Congress deems necessary to unite them.  The Congress welcomes the steps made in this direction and not foreseeing the impediments in positive resolution of this issue, entrusts the CEC with the task of working more vigorously for unification of the North and South Ossetia.
Chairman A. Jatiev
Secretary S. Kozaev
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc.1, file 363, p. 23-30)   


MINUTES N 14 OF THE SITTING OF THE PRESIDIUM OF CEC OF THE TRANS-CAU­CA­-
SUS of 1 June 1927
Heard: 12. On reorganizations of supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia (Minutes N 21 of the CEC Presidium of the Trans-Caucasus; 18-27) file N 0012/14/13
Decided: to ask the Central Executive Committees of Azerbaijan and Georgia about the reasons of failure in reorganizing the supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia pursuant to Decree issued by the Presidium of the Trans-Caucasus CEC of 30 March 1926.
Secretary of the Trans-Caucasus CEC (signed)
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc.I, file 363, p. 23-30)   


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N 21 OF THE SITTING OF SMALL PRESIDIUM OF THE TRANSCAUCASUS CEC of 15 September 1927
Heard: on reorganization of the supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia. File N 0012
Decided: To ask the Central Executive Committee of the USSR to retain the existing governing organs in Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia until the next Elections of Soviets due to the complexity of reorganization of the supreme governing organs of the aforementioned Oblasts.
The issue shall be submitted to the governing organ.
Secretary of the Trans-Caucasus CEC
Authentic with original  
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 754, p. 64)


1928
RESOLUTION on approval of the Regulations of the City Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies (adopted at the Third Session of the Fourth Convocation of the CEC of Georgia)
The Central Executive committee of Georgia Decrees:
1. To approve and introduce on the whole territory of Georgia the Regulations (attached) of the City Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies.
5. To propose to the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and the Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic of Adjara introduce the changes to their legislation that proceed from the Regulations specified for in Article 1 of this Resolution.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the central Executive Committee of All-Georgia Sh. Matikashvili
Batumi, 29 January 1928
(Collection of laws and decrees adopted by the government of the Georgian SSR; N 3, 1928, p. 38)


REGULATIONS of the City Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies

Chapter 1
General Provisions
1. The Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies shall be arranged in the cities: Tbilisi, Batumi, Sukhumi, Kutaisi, Gori, Poti, Chiatura, Khashuri, Borjomi and Samtredia on the basis of the following Articles.
38. For the purposes of management, the City Soviets shall elect the chairman and the presidium consisting of not more than 25 members for Tbilisi and not more than 15 members for the other cities; the candidates (Substitutes) to the membership shall be elected in amount of 1/3 of the composition of the Presidium.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia Sh. Matikashvili
29 January 1928
(Collection of laws and decrees adopted by the government of the Georgian SSR, N 3, 1928, p. 38-58)


MINUTES N 3 OF THE SESSION OF THE TRANS-CAUCASUS CEC of 6 February 1928
Chaired by comrade M. Tskhakaia
Attended: Chairman of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus comrade S. Kasiani; members of the Presidium – comrades A. Shaverdov, M. D. Bagirov, A. Gegechkori, V. Sturua, A Nazaretyan, M. D. Husseinov, and D. Buniat-Zade.
Candidates to the membership of the Presidium: comrades – A. Javakhishvili, E. Torikashvili, A. Ter-Vartanov, V. Mzareulashvili, S. Evoyan.
Secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus: comrade I. Tagiev
The Secretary of the Trans-Caucasus CEC of the CP (B): comrade M. Orakhelashvili
Secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus of the CP(B): comrade M. Orakhelashvili
From the organizational committee of the CEC of the CP(B): S. Shaverdov.
Head of Organizational Department of the Trans-Caucasus CEC: comrade Ph. Melnikov
Heard: 2. on reorganization of supreme governing organs of the autonomous oblasts of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia (Protocol N 21 of the Trans-Caucasus CEC Presidium; 1927)
Decided: to propose to the central executive committees of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia to prepare the issue on reorganizations of supreme governing organs of the autonomous oblasts of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia submit it to the next Congress of Soviets.
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 1900, p. 7)
 

MINUTES N 3 OF THE SITTING OF THE CEC PRESIDIUM OF THE GEORGIAN SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of 6 February 1928
Heard: on reorganization of the supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia. (Minutes N 21 of the Presidium of the Trans-Caucasus CEC, p.3; 1927)
Decided: Confirming the failure in implementing the Resolutions on reorganization of the supreme governing organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia adopted by Trans-Caucasus CEC on 30 March 1926 and 1 June 1927, Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be proposed to implement these Resolution in Autumn of this year in time of elections of the Councils.  They shall elaborate within three months the relevant drafts of the Regulations on the Executive Committees of the aforementioned oblasts of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia and submit them to the Presidium of the Presidium of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus for preliminary approval.
Secretary of the CEC: (signed)
10 February 1928
Tbilisi, the Palace
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc. 1, file 961, p. 2)


INSTRUCTION for the activity of the Council of Public Commissars and the Economic Council of the Georgian SSR
(Approved by the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR on 10 April 1928)
(…)
II. Composition of the council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR and of the Economic Council and the officials authorized to participate at the sittings.
(…)
7. The following persons, in addition to the aforementioned ones, are authorized to attend the sittings with the deliberative vote:  
d) The Chairmen of the Central Executive Committees of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia;
e) Chairman of the councils of public commissars of the Abkhaz SSR and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara.
(…)
9.  The persons identified in Articles 4 (6) and of this Instruction are authorized to participate in the sittings of the Economic council of the Georgian SSR with the deliberative vote.
(…)
14. The following organs and persons are authorized to submit the issues for consideration to the Council of Public Commissars and to the Economic Council:
o) The Central Executive Committees and Presidiums, also the councils of public commissars and chairman of the Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR and of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
(…)
16. For the purpose of agreement and submission the conclusions and grounded assessments on the drafts, the following terms shall be introduced from the day of submission:
b) two-weeks term from the District Executive Committees and from the Governments of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia if the draft needs agreement of these organs.
(…)
59. The copy of the Sittings of the Council of People’s commissars and of the Economic Council, authorized by a Secretary, shall be sent to the following organs and officials:
d) the Councils of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz SSR and the Adjarian ASSR, the Central Executive Committee of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and the Executive Committees of Districts of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
(Instruction for the activity of the Council of Public Commissars and the Economic Council of the Georgian SSR. Tbilisi, 1928, p. 3-19)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SITTING OF THE SMALL PRESIDIUM OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE Committee of All-Georgia
Subject to be discussed:
On reorganization of the highest organs of State authority of South Ossetia…
Resolution
To set up commission for elaboration and consideration of this issue consisting of the following members:
1. Comrade Vardzieli (Chairman)
2. Sh. Matikashvili
3. Jatiev
The Commission shall submit the conclusions to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee not later than within two weeks.
For the Chairman of the CEC – Sturua
Secretary of the CEC – Vardzieli
(…)
25 July 1928
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc. 1, file 961, p. 8)


REGULATIONS of the Central Statistical Department of the Soviet Socialist Republic of
Georgia
I. General provisions
1. The Central Statistical Department of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall organize the statistic works on the territory of the Georgian SSR, direct, coordinate and control the statistic works provided for the  General Plan of the All-Union and the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, and execute the statistic operations in conformity to this Regulation.
2. The Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR shall enjoy all the right prescribed by the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and the Regulations of the People’s Commissariats to the latter.
3. In executing the directive of the Central Statistical Departments of the USSR and the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, the Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR shall be directly subordinate to the Central Executive Committee of Georgia and its Presidium and to the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
4. The Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR shall carry out the All-Union, Trans-Caucasus and Republican statistics works under the general guidance of the Central Statistical Department of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and in accordance to the Program elaborated by the latter.
5.  The Central Statistical Department shall exercise its function directly or through the District statistical divisions and the Central Statistical Departments of the Union Republic of Abkhaz SSR, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Statistic Bureau of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
Note: participation of the Central Statistical Departments of the Union Republic of the Abkhaz SSR, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and of the Statistical Bureau of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia in the works relating to the census, as well as in execution of special tasks shall be decided by the Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR.
II.  The matters under the jurisdiction of the
Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR.
1. The Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR shall:
b) carry out general guidance to the district statistical divisions and the central statistical departments of the autonomous republics, and to the statistical bureau of the autonomous oblast;
j) approve the programs and action plan of the statistic works of the district executive committees, union and autonomous republics and autonomous oblast.
i) summarize and deliberate the statistic materials collected by the statistical departments of the union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblast, People’s Commissariats and other state organs, as well as the enterprises and organizations subordinate to the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
j) develop the effective methodology for statistics works and distribute them as an obligatory guidance to the statistics agencies and statistics departments of the Union and Autonomous Republics, the statistic bureau of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast, institutions and enterprises of Republican significance; carry out the measures for rationalization of statistic works;
k) deliver the statistical data to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia, the State Planning Committee and other state organs of the Union and Autonomous Republics included in Georgia on the questions raised by the said bodies, and if collection of such data doesn’t require additional statistic works;
IV. The competence of the structural entities
of the Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR
12. The Central Statistical Department of the Georgian SSR, in line of the statistic planning commission, shall:
d) approve the programs and action plans of the statistics works of the executive committees of the Union and Autonomous Republics and autonomous oblast;
f) exercise monitoring over realization of statistics works of the People’s Commissariats, organizations and agencies, as well as over the implementation of approved plans on statistics works of the Union and Autonomous Republics and Autonomous oblast.
g) review the reports of the Central Statistical Departments of the Union and Autonomous Republics, as well as of the Statistics Bureau of the Autonomous Oblast on implementation of Federative and Republican plans, and provide the relevant information to the corresponding governmental organs or to the Central Statistical Department of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
Note 1.  The representatives of relevant organizations, enterprises and institutions, as well as of respective district executive committees, Union and Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblast shall be invited to the discussion of issues specified for under sub-sections b), c), d), and g).
31 October 1928
(Collection of laws and Decrees of the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 16, 1928, p. 319-324)   


1929
REGULATIONS on the Local Statistics Agencies
Chapter 1
1. General provisions
1. The following agencies shall be considered as the local statistics agencies of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia:
a) The Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSE, the statistics department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
b) The statistics departments of districts and cities.
c) The statisticians of the regions.
2. The agencies listed in Article 1 of this Regulation represent the local agencies of the Central Statistics Department of the Georgian SSR and lead the statistic activity of the local importance.
3. The Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSE, the statistics department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, statistics departments of the districts and cities shall submit the plans and programmes of statistic works to the Central Statistics Department of the Georgian SSR for consideration and approval.
Chapter II
The structure of the local statistics agencies of the Georgian SSR
1. The Statistics Departments of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia
6. The Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSR, the statistics department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall carry out their activity on the basis of the authority of the Joint Commissariat of Autonomous Republic.
7. The statistics departments are led by: the Head of Department – in the Abkhaz SSR and Autonomous SSR of Adjara; Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia to the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast.  They shall be appointed under the General Regulations of the Public Commissariats of the autonomous republics and oblast of Georgia.
8. The Statistics Departments of the Abkhaz SSR and Autonomous SSR of Adjara, as well as the Office of the Representative of the central Statistics Department of Georgia to South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall consist of:
a) Head of Statistics Department and the Representative (respectively)
b) Division of Social Statistics;
c) Division of Agriculture Statistics;
d) Division of Industry and Labour Statistics;
e) Division of Trade Statistics;
f) General Division (Chancellery).
Chapter III.
The Competence of the local agencies of the
Central Statistics Department of the Georgian SSR
a) The Statistics Departments of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
13. The competence of the Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be as follows:
a) to arrange and lead the local statistics agencies;
b) to draw-up the annual and prospective plans of the statistic activities and submit them to the Central Statistics Department of the Georgian SSR.
c) to consider the plans of statistics activities of the Public Commissariats and other organizations; to determine the volume of statistic work and the rules of proceedings with further submission them to the Central Statistics Department of the Georgian SSR;
d)  to make conclusions on the statistics activity carried out by the Public Commissariats and other central agencies outside of the approved annual plans and their justification with the general statistic plans;
e) to elaborate the programmes and organizational plans for certain research and study works;
f) to implement the tasks entrusted by the Central Statistics Department of the Georgia SSR;
g) to carry out the census at the local level;
h) to sum-up and analysis the statistic material collected by the statistics department of the Abkhaz SSR, Statistics Department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia to the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast as it is considered at the relevant working plans;
i) to carry out the statistical tasks entrusted by the governments of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia;
j) to carry out the measures for gaining the knowledge and training of the staff working at the statistic agencies;
k) to provide the statistic information upon the request of the state agencies;
m) to organize the statistic works and draw-up the methodology for statistic activities;
Chapter IV.
The rights and responsibilities of the local statistic agencies of the Georgian SSR
a) Statistics Departments of the Autonomous Republics and Oblast.
24. The Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSR, the statistics department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, for fulfillment of the tasks, shall be authorized:
a) to request the statistic information from any state, commercial, industrial or private agencies that shall be ready at the fixed time;
b) to issue the instructions, circular notes and guidelines according the laws currently in force;
c) to supervise the accuracy of the statistics activity carried out by the agencies, organizations and persons operating on the territory of the autonomous republic and oblast, as well as the fulfillment of decrees and resolutions relating to the statistics activity that are binding to them.
d) to draw-up the conclusions on the financial and personnel arrangements of the statistic works submitted by the public Commissariats of the autonomous republic or oblast.
25. Every state, economic or public organization and enterprise, as well as the private entities and persons shall submit within a month two copies of published materials issues by them to the Statistics Department of the Abkhaz SSR, the statistics department of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and to the Office of the Representative of the Central Statistics Department of Georgia at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
30 January 1929
(Collection of Laws and Decrees Issued by the Workers and peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 8, 1928, p. 174-184)


REGULATIONS on the Extraordinary Measures for Maintaining the Revolutionary Order in the Georgian SSR
I. General Provisions
1. In case of breach of the normal public order, the extraordinary measures can be introduced in a form of special situation or the state of emergency.
2. The special situation can be introduced:
a) In case of counter-revolutionary encroachment upon the workers and peasants government or its certain representatives, or if there is a threat of such actions.
b) In case of frequent infringement of the individuals and the citizens’ property
c) In case of breach of normal life due to the calamities;
d) As a provisional measure for restoration of public order on the territories, this has been under the state of emergency;
3. The State of Emergency can be introduced:
a) In cases provided for in Article 2 if the measures taken on the basis of special situation fail to protect and restore the revolutionary order;
b) If certain territory becomes the place of military operations or has special importance for military purposes;
4.  The introduction of special measures for protecting the revolutionary order shall be considered valid from the moment of announcing the Decree issued by the relevant organ through publishing in the local newspaper or posting the official announcement in many places.  The exact term of introduction of the special measures shall be pointed out in the announcement.
5. After removing the extraordinary measures introduced in the course of special situation or the state of emergency, validity of all of the decrees or instructions issued by the competent organ shall be terminated without adopting of any special resolution.
II. Extraordinary Situation
6. Extraordinary Situation shall be introduced on the basis of the Decree issued by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia upon submission of the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR or the central executive committees of the Union SSR of Abkhazia, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia.
7. The central executive committees of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as the District and Regional executive committees and their presidiums are entitled to introduce the special situation in the following cases: a) if there is no possibility to communicate to the central power, or b) if the immediate measures are necessary and calls for the introduction of special situation is inevitable.
The central executive committees of the aforementioned republics and autonomous oblast shall inform promptly the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR or the Central Executive Committee of Georgia about introducing the special measures.
8. The Decree shall state the exact place (republic, autonomous oblast, district, city) subject to the Extraordinary Situation.
9. The Extraordinary Situation shall be introduced no more then three-month term.  Extension of the term shall be carried out in accordance of rules specified for in Article 6.  Pre-term termination of the extraordinary situation shall be carried out on the basis of Decree issued by the Presidium of the central Executive Committee of Georgia.
10. In time of extraordinary situation the whole power under the competence of the District executive committee (in the places where such is not established – of the regional executive committees and in the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia – of the Central Executive committee) shall be taken by their Presidiums.
The respective presidiums shall decide the issue on convening the Executive Committees.
11. If the Extraordinary Situation is introduced on the whole territory of the District, the respective Presidium of the Central Executive Committee may appoint, upon submission of the Council of Public Commissars, the plenipotentiary representative to chair the Presidium of the District Executive Committee.
12. The Presidium of the district executive committee shall inform promptly the relevant Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs about the measures taken in the course of Extraordinary Situation.
III. Martial Law
15. The martial law on the territory that is not the theatre of war shall be introduced on the basis of Decree issued by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
The martial law may be introduced upon the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia on the very exceptional basis; such decision shall be promptly delivered to the presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Trans-Caucasus of the USSR.
16. When: 1) there is no possibility to communicate to the central organs of the USSR, either to the central organs of Georgian SSR, or 2) the situation needs immediate interference – the central executive committees of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as the District executive committees are authorized to introduce the martial law and deliver this decision for approval to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR through the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia and the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Trans-Caucasus.
17. The supreme power on the territory, which is the subject of introduction of the martial law, shall be given the military-revolutionary committees operating on the basis of Regulations approved by the Central Executive Committee of Georgia.
(...)
27 October 1929
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc 1, file 1119, p. 415-420)


1930
DECREE on Changes and amendments to the Regulations of the Procurator’s Office (Procu-  
racy) of the Georgian SSR adopted by the CEC and the Council of Public Commissars (CPC)
The Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR decrees:
1. To add section (a) to Articles 10 and 11 to the Regulations of the Procurator’s Office of Georgia approved be the CEC and CPC of the Georgian SSR on 21 February 1930 (collection of the Laws of the Georgian SSR; 1930; N9; Art.72) with following wording:
10. The Prosecutor of the Georgian SSR shall:
a) supervise the observance of the Constitutions and legislations of the Georgian SSR, the USSR and the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, as well as the lawfulness of the decrees and resolutions adopted by the central executive committees and presidiums of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia; the information about violation shall be delivered to the Presidium of the CEC of Georgia.
Article 11. The Procurator of the Georgian SSR is authorized:
a) to ask through the procurators of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia for the copies of the information and notifications, as well as of decisions, rulings, verdicts and conclusions on the certain cases being under the proceedings at the judiciary institutions of the aforementioned republics and oblast necessary for exercising the duties specified for in Article 9 and also,  when the Prosecutor deems necessary, the original case file, judgments and decisions on the cases that went into the legal force.
b) to propose to the prosecutors of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia filing the protest to the superior organs, including the Presidiums of the relevant central executive committees against the decisions and instructions of the central and local organs of the mentioned republics and oblast if they contradict the constitution  of the Georgian SSR, legislation of the USSR, Trans-Caucasus SSR and the legislation that is in force on the whole territory of the Georgian SSR;
c) to suspend, through the Procurators of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia the implementation of decisions, verdicts, judgments and conclusions made by the judicial institutions of these republics and the oblast.
2. To change Article 12 of this Regulation as follows:
“The Procurator of the Georgian SSR shall annually submit to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee the report on his activity, as well as of the subordinate procurators, including the procurators of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia”.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia M. Tskhakaia
Deputy Chairman of the Council
of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR G. Mgaloblishvili
Acting Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia T. Zhgenti
22 August 1930
(Collection of the laws and Decrees of the Workers and Peasants Government of the Georgian SSR, N 16, 1930, p. 531-532)


INSTRUCTION on the Elections of the Councils of the Workers, Peasants and Red Army Men Deputies and of the Congresses of Soviets
Chapter III
Electoral Commissions
12. For the Soviet elections the following electoral commissions shall be set up:
a) Central Electoral Commission;
b) The electoral commissions of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia;
c) District electoral commissions;
d) City electoral commissions;
e) Village electoral commissions.
13. The Central Electoral Commission shall consist of 23 members of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia, which will organize and hold the elections in the whole of the Republic.
14. The electoral commissions of the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall consist of members the presidiums of the central executive committees accordingly.  These commissions shall include: chairman, two representatives of relevant central executive committees, one representative from the trade unions, one representative from the Union of Young Leninians (Komsomol), one representative form the working women’s local committee, one representative from the local city council, one representative of the national minority, one representative from the Red Army and Navy, one worker from the industrial enterprise, one peasant, one from the Peasants’ Mutual Aid Association and from other public organizations (economic entities, “Defence -Aviachemistry” etc.).
The members of the aforementioned electoral commissions shall be approved by the presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the relevant republics or oblast, and the chairmen shall be appointed by the Presidium of the central executive committee of Georgia upon nomination of the Central electoral commission.  
16. The city electoral commissions, upon the decree of the relevant council, shall be set up in Poti, Gori, Stalinisi, Borjomi, Chiatura and Samtredia.
19. The members of Batumi and Sukhumi city electoral commissions shall be approved by the relevant district or city executive committee; the chairmen, upon nomination of the electoral commission of the republic shall be appointed by the presidiums of the Presidiums of the central executive committees of the Abkhaz SSR and the Autonomous SSR of Adjara accordingly.
20. The members of the city electoral commissions of Gori, Stalinisi, Borjomi, Chiatura and Samtredia shall be approved by the respective city councils and the chairmen shall be appointed by the relevant district executive committee.
21. Upon decision of the city councils, the auxiliary electoral commissions may be set up at the big factories, plants and other enterprises of the cities of Tbilisi, Batumi, Sukhumi and Kutaisi.
89. The delegates to the Soviet Congress of Georgia shall be the representatives of the Soviet Congress of Abkhaz SSR, the Autonomous SSR of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the districts – one delegate from each 10 000 of residents from the local councils where the delegates are elected on the basis of number of population, and one delegate from each 2000 of residents where the delegates are elected on the basis of number of voters…
90. The Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR, the Autonomous SSR of Adjara, the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia… simultaneously to the elections of delegates to the Soviet Congress of the Georgian SSR, shall elect the delegates to the Soviet Congress of the Trans-Caucasus: from the Abkhaz SSR, Autonomous SSR of Adjara, the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia… one delegate from each 15 000 of from the local councils where the delegates are elected on the basis of number of population, and one delegate from each 3000 of residents where the delegates are elected on the basis of number of voters…
(…)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia M. Tskhakaia
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia S. Todria
9 November 1930
(Collection of the laws and Decrees of the Workers and Peasants Government of the Georgian SSR, N 22, 1930, p. 661-682)
    
    
1931
RESOLUTION VI CONGRESS OF THE SOVIETS OF ABKHAZIA about the changes in the
Constitution
11 February 1931
Chairman . . . (Bagapsh - author).  On the issue of the approved agenda the floor is given to comrade Lagvilava.
Lagvilava: between the V and VI congresses of the Soviets of Abkhazia the certain constitutional changes have been introduced.  The Congress shall approve these changes.
First of all the title of the Constitution of the Abkhaz SSR shall be as follows:
“The Basic Law of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia”.
In Article 2 and 7, wherever it’s said: “On the Basis of Special Treaty”, shall be changed now and instead write down “the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia”.
The second change that took place between V and VI Congresses. You know that we had the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars.  Now we have reorganized them and merged the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars into one organ – the Central Executive Committee and the relevant Public Commissariats attached to it.  The Council of Public Commissariats doesn’t exist any more.
These are the principal changes we wanted to report you about.  
Chairman: those who support the approval of these changes please raise your hands.
(adopted).
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 503-504)


RESOLUTION OF VI CONGRESS OF COUNCILS OF WORKERS, PEASANTS AND RED
ARMY  DEPUTIES OF THE GEORGIAN SSR “on joining of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as the autonomous republic”
19 February 1931
VI Congress of Councils of Workers, Peasants and Red Army  Deputies of the Georgian SSR:
a) considering necessary, and for successful implementation of the tasks of socialist developments on the basis of general plan of the public economy brought up before the working masses of the USSR  and for fraternal cooperation of the workers and peasants of these republics;
b) pursuant to the will of workers of Abkhazia, who adopted the Resolution at VI Congress of Councils of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies of the Georgian SSR on joining of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as the autonomous republic, decrees:
1.  On the basis of Article 9 of the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Georgian SSR, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be included within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as the autonomous republic applying to it the authority specified for in the aforementioned Basic Law.
2. The Treaty, concluded between Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz SSR on 16 December of 1921 shall be considered null and void.
Chairman Ph. Makharadze
Secretary S. Todria
(Congresses of the Soviets of the USSR, union and autonomous republics; vol. 6, p. 557, Abkhaz Soviets (1921-1937), p. 248-249)


(RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE VI CONGRESS OF THE COUNCILS OF THE WORK
ERS, PEASANTS AND READ ARMY DEPUTIES OF GEORGIA) on changes to the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The Sixth Congress of the Councils of the Workers, Peasants and Read Army Deputies of Georgia, on the basis of Article 19, section “a” of the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Georgian SSR decrees:    
To introduce to the Basic law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia the following changes:
To give to Articles 9, 20(i), 23, 25, 40, 44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 57, 64, 78, 80 the following wording:
“Art. 9, (section 3) The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, on the basis of the aforementioned grounds, includes the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia”
“Art. 20 (the jurisdiction of the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets and of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia covers :)”
i) Revoke and suspend the Resolutions of the Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics an of the Autonomous oblast and their Central Executive Committees, as well as of the congresses of the District Soviets and district executive committees if they violate the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the decrees issued by the legislative organs.
“Art. 23. All-Georgian Congress of Soviets consists of representatives of the Soviets of Autonomous Republics and Oblast, congresses of district and City Soviets and the representatives of rural settlements not included in the districts on the basis of following representation: one deputy for 10000 inhabitants from the residential areas where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of population, and one deputy for 2000 electors where the Soviets are elected on the basis of number of voters”
“Article 40.  The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to suspend and revoke the decrees and orders issued by the People’s Commissars and his central state organs, Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Republics, autonomous Oblast and district executive committees, as well as the Resolutions adopted at the Congress of Soviets of Autonomous Republics, Oblasts and Districts”
“Article 78.  For direct management of autonomous branches of state administration (education, healthcare, social protection, administrative supervision, militia and courts) Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Republics and Oblasts shall form the relevant republican and oblast organs, as well as the bodies for administration of branches of on the territory of Autonomous republics and oblasts (agriculture and industry).  The representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour, Supply and Worker’s and Peasant’s Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall function at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Republics and Oblast.
The organs of agriculture and industry management, subordinate to the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Republics and Oblast shall execute the orders and tasks of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and of the Supreme Council of the Public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; these organs shall be accountable to the executive committees of the Autonomous Republics and Oblast”.
“Art. 80. The Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Republics and Oblast shall have the right to reduce the number of organs specified for in Article 78 of this Basic Law (Constitution), merging certain aforementioned functions into one organ”.
“Art. 100. All state incomes and expenditures of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be incorporated into the all-state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia”.
(…)
Chairman of the VI Congress of All-Georgian Soviets Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the VI Congress of All-Georgian Soviets S. Todria
19 February 1931    
(Resolutions adopted at the VI Congress of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies. Tbilisi, 1931, p. 45-52/in Russian)

@
RESOLUTION of the Sixth Congress of Soviets of the USSR
(…)
The sixth Congress of the USSR . . . decrees:
To introduce the following changes to the Constitution of the USSR:
5) To formulate Article 10 of the Constitution of the USSR as follows:
“The delegates to the Congress of Soviets of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall be elected:
a) directly at the congresses of the Soviets of Union Republics not having the Regional and Oblast division of the territory; b) at the Regional and oblast Congresses of Soviets of the Union Republics having the Regional and Oblast division of the territory; c) at the Congresses of the Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia and at the congresses of the autonomous republics and oblasts included, or not included within the Regional and Oblast unions”
(…)
17 march 1931
(Constitution and the Constitutional acts of the USSR (1922-1936). Collection of Documents. Moscow, 1940, p. 132-135/in Russia)


REGULATIONS on the Fiscal Authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic andOblasts of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR
I. On the territories of each of the autonomous socialist republics of Abkhazia, Adjara and Nakhichevan, and of the autonomous oblasts of South Ossetia and Nagorny Karabakh the budget of the republic or oblast is formed and applied, as well as the budgets of the administrative-territorial entities included within these republics and oblasts.
II. The volume of the budget of the autonomous soviet socialist republics and oblasts shall be in accord with the rules of this Regulation, and the budgets of the administrative- territorial entities that are included within these republics and oblasts shall be in accord with the Regulations on Local Fiscal Affairs and other relevant legal acts issued by the USSR, Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the republics included within the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
III. The part of revenue of the budgets of the autonomous republics of Abkhazia, Adjara and Nakhichevan, as well as of autonomous oblasts of South Ossetia and Nagorny Karabakh shall include:
a) the payments given below from the socialized enterprises and properties located on their territories and having the republican or oblast importance:
1. 100% deduction from the profit, planed by the UCPE (Union Council of Public Economy), of industrial entities.
2. 100% deduction from the profit of industrial entities subordinate to other institutions.
3.  100% deduction from the profit of agriculture enterprises.
4. 100% deduction from the rental payments for usage of the state land property.
5. 50% deduction from the rental payment for usage of fishing and hunting spaces.
6. 100% deduction from the profit of trade organizations.
7. 100% deduction from the profit of shipping companies.
8. 100% dividend accumulated on the shares of budgetary organizations and agencies.
9. 100% of income from selling of the useless and futile property, organizations and agencies subject to state financing.
10. 100% of income from fines and penalties imposed by the budgetary organs of the republics and oblasts.
11. 100% of income on estimates of the organizations and agencies of the autonomous republics and oblasts.
12. The receipts tax determined under the regulations.
b) the payments given below from the non-socialized enterprises and properties located on their territories:
1. 100% accrual from the rent for usage of lands owned by republics and oblasts.
2. 100% accrual from leasing concession of the republics and oblasts.
3. 100% accrual from confiscated and escheat property, as well as from the property in abeyance.
4. 100% of income from fines and penalties imposed by the budgetary organs of the republics and oblasts.
c) In addition to the payments from socialized and non-socialized properties, the budgets of the republics and oblasts shall include:
1. Income from the credits provided by the autonomous republics or oblasts.
2. Incomes from the loan recovery included in the budgets of the republics and oblasts.
3. Special subsidy from the state assets.
4. Accrual to the republican and oblast funds of regulation.
5. The following shall be included in the expenditure part of the republican and oblast budgets:
VI. Expenditures of the budgets of the republics and oblasts:
1. Expenditure for elections of the congresses of the autonomous republics and oblasts, as well as for maintaining the relevant central executive committee or oblast executive committee and the organs and agencies dealing with:
a) administrative affairs (except of OGPU)
b) agriculture affairs
c) health-care
d) social protection
e) Institutions of judiciary, investigation, Public prosecution  and education, pursuant to the current legislation, except the institutions specified in this Article as the budgetary institutions of the administrative-territorial entities of the autonomous republics and oblasts operating on the basis of the Local Fiscal Regulations.
2. Expenditure for financing of public economy having the republican of oblast importance, namely for financing of industry, agriculture, trade, construction, housing and communal services,  roads, resorts, as well as the other expenditures for financing the economic enterprises and measures aimed at developing the republics and oblasts.
3. Expenditure for clearing off the loan interest.
4. Aid to the administrative-territorial entities assigned from the funds of regulation of the republics and oblasts.
V. The Central Executive Committee of the respective autonomous republic or oblast shall regulate the budget of the administrative-territorial entity through its republican or oblast budget including the part of expenditure in the form of funds of regulation.
VI. The Funds of Regulation, included in the budgets of the republics or oblasts shall be distributed between the administrative-territorial entities, central executive committees and the oblast committees of the autonomous republics and oblasts in accordance of Regulations on Local Finances.
VII. The budgets of the autonomous soviet socialist republics and the autonomous soviet socialist oblasts, as well as the budgets of the administrative-territorial entities included within these republics and oblasts, shall be approved before the new fiscal year upon the Act issued by the Central Executive committee of the Soviet Socialist Republics an oblasts in compliance with the rules established by the legislation of the republics included within the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
VIII. The procedures for drafting and implementing the budgets of the autonomous soviet socialist republics and oblasts, as well as for reporting and accountancy shall be determined by the legislation of the republics included within the Trans-Caucasus SFSR on the basis of the Regulations on Local Finances”
Acting Secretary of the Trans-Caucasus CEC (signed)
12 September 1931
(CSHANFG, F. 607, desc. 1, file 2860, p. 30-31; Collection of legal acts and Orders of the workers and peasants Government of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, N 17, 1931, p. 459-461)


1932
RESOLUTION on changing of Articles: 4,5,9,12,16,21,23,24,26 and 35, voiding of Article 17 and adding article 431 to the Regulations of the Central Executive Committee adopted by the CEC (Second Session of the Sixth Convocation)
The central Executive Committee of Georgia decrees:
To introduce the following changes to the Regulations of the Central Executive Committee approved by the Central Executive Committee on 12 January 1925 (Messenger of the CEC and CPC of the Georgian SSR; N 1-2-; 1925):
Article 4,5,9,12,16,23,24,25 and 35 shall be worded as follows:
5. The Central Executive Committee shall convene the extraordinary session upon the decision of the CEC and Council of public Commissars of Georgia, as well as at the request not less than one third of the members or one of the autonomous republics.
9.  The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, the central executive committees of the autonomous republics and oblast, as well as the members of the Central Executive Committee shall be entitled to submit the CEC the issues for consideration.
16. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall issue the Decrees, Decisions and Instructions, consider and approve the draft-decrees and decisions submitted by the CEC and Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast, as well as of other bodies.
21. The central executive committees of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast shall be authorized to lodge the protest to the session of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia against the Resolutions issued by the Presidium of the CEC of Georgia.
23. The issues submitted by the central executive committees or the Presidiums of the Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblast shall be discussed by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia or transferred to the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia for preliminary discussion or to the interested institutions for the preliminary conclusions.
26. The members of the Central Executive Committees of the USSR and Trans-Caucasus SFSR, the members of the Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast, as well as the other persons authorized by the legislation or special decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive committee shall be entitled to attend the sessions of the CEC Presidium with the deliberative vote.
35. A members of the Central Executive committee of Georgia shall be authorized to attend any sessions of the Autonomous Republics or Autonomous Oblast, as well as of the sittings of central and local soviet bodies with the deliberative vote.
(...)
Chairman of the CEC of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
17 June 1932
(Collection of Laws and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 19, 1932, p. 398-399)


REGULATIONS of the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR
4. The following authorities shall be entitled to attend the sessions of the Council of public Commissars of the Georgian SSR with the deliberative vote:
b) A Chairman, a secretary and members of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia, and chairmen of the central executive committees of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast;
c) The heads of the governing bodies of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast and their deputies while the issues submitted by the respective central executive committees of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast are discussed;
5. In addition to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, the following bodies shall be authorized to submit the issues to the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR for discussion:
(…)
c) Central Executive Committees and the Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast;
(…)
17 June 1932
(Collection of Laws and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 19, 1932, p. 400-403)


GENERAL REGULATIONS of the Public Commissariats of the Georgian SSR
Chapter I
The Public Commissariats of the Georgian SSR
(…)
3. The Public Commissariats shall be entrusted with the following tasks:
7. The Central Executive Committees and Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast are authorized to suspend the Decree issued by the Public Commissariat of the Georgian SSR if this decree contradicts the current legislation.
The Central Executive Committee or its presidium of the autonomous republics or autonomous oblast shall promptly inform the Council of Public Commissars and the relevant Public Commissariat of the Georgian SSR about suspending the validity of the decree.
9. The Commissariats of Supply and Purchasing, Municipal Economy; Finances, Labour and the Workers and Peasant Inspectorate are authorized to exercise their functions on the whole of territory of the Georgian SSR.
The abovementioned Public Commissariats shall have the representatives in the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast, who are under the direct subordination to the respective commissariat.
10. The representative of the Public Commissariat of the Georgian SSR (Article 9, section 2) shall be nominated by the Public Commissariat or the CEC of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast and approved by the Council of public Commissars of the Georgian SSR.  The relevant CEC of the autonomous republics or autonomous oblast shall express the view regarding the nominated candidate; it also shall be authorized to reject the designated candidate.
Note: the appointment of the deputies to the Representatives shall be carried out in accordance of the same rule as for Representatives.
11. The Representatives of the Public Commissariats (Article 9, section 2) shall attend the sessions of the CEC Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast with the deliberative vote.  The Representatives of the public Commissariats shall deliver the information regarding the activity of the public Commissariats to the CEC and Presidiums of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast and report the relevant Public Commissariat, as well as the CEC of respective autonomous republic and autonomous oblast.
12. The Commissariats of Light Industry and the Agriculture shall exercise the management of their respective fields in the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast through the through the republican and oblast bodies arranged by the CEC of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast in the filed of Light Industry and Agriculture.
13. Public Commissariats of the Light Industry and of the Agriculture of the Georgian SSR in relations with the republican and oblast bodies of the light industry and agriculture of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast shall be authorized:
a) to give them instructions and tasks and carry out the control over the implementation of the given instructions and tasks;
b) to suspend, change and countermand the decrees, which contradict the legislation or directives of the USSR, Trans-Caucasus SFSR and Georgian SSR at the same time informing the CEC of the respective  autonomous republic or oblast; to file the protest to the Council of Public Commissars if such decree is issued by the CEC of the autonomous republics or oblast,
c) to establish the order and form of reporting;
d) to coordinate the arrangement of the mentioned organs, as well as of the local agencies in accordance with the established rules;
d) to elaborate the action plans;
e) to manage the funds of the mentioned branches in accordance with the established rules;
14. The Public Commissariats of Education, Health-Care and Social Protection of the Georgian SSR lead the relevant fields on the territory of the Georgian SSR that is not a part of the autonomous entities and exercise their functions on the whole territory of Georgia only in the sphere of general planning of the mentioned branches and in the sphere of issues that are regulated under the special decrees issued by the Soviet Central Executive Committee of Georgia or Council of the Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter II
The Public Commissars of Georgia
1. The Public Commissar shall be authorized to make a sole decision on the issues under the competence of the Public Commissariat and inform about this decision the Board, if such is established within the Public Commissariat.
The Public commissar shall have the exclusive authority:
d) to file the protest to the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR - in case of necessity with further submission to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee - against the decrees issued by the CEC of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast, district executive committees and city councils.
17 June 1932  
(Collection of Laws and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 19, 1932, p. 404-409)


1933
REGULATIONS on the Procurator’s Office of the USSR
General Privsions
1. Strengthening of the socialist justice and protection of the public property from the anti-socity elements on the whole territory of the USSR is the principal task of the Procurator’s Office of the USSR.
2. The Procurator of the USSR, appointed by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR shall lead the Procurator’s Office of the Union of SSR.
II.  The function of the Procurator’s Office of the USSR and the rules for its implementation.
4. The Procurator’s Office of the USSR shall:
d) exercise the general guiding of the Procurator’s Offices of Union Republics.
5. If the decisions and instructions issued by certain bodies of the USSR and Union Republics contradict the Constitution of the USSR and the decrees and orders of the government of the USSR, the Procurator’s Office of the USSR shall file the protest against such acts to the relevant superior organs.
The Procurator of the USSR file the protest against unlawful acts to the authorities of the union republics or local agencies, as a rule through the Procurators of the Union Republics.
6. In order to exercise the supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws by all judicial organs (Article 4, section “b”), the Procurator of the USSR is authorized: to request the case being at any stage of the proceedings or investigation for reviewing, as well as the completed cases; to file the protest to the superior judicial bodies against the verdicts and terminated the execution of judgement; to ask for the reviewing the verdicts and decisions; to issue the necessary instructions to the investigative agencies.
The Procurator of the USSR, as a rule, shall exercise the functions with regard of judicial and investigative organs of the Union Republics through the Procurators of the Union Republics.
7.  The Procurator’s Office of the USSR shall launch the criminal prosecution and support the indictment:
b) on the cases being under the proceedings at the judicial institutions of the Union Republics personally, as well as through the Procurators of Union Republics.
10.  The Procurator of the USSR, for the purposes of good governance, is authorized: to issue the instructions to the Procurators of Union Republics relating to their activities; to carry out inquiry  and examination of the activity of the organs of Procurator’s offices of Union Republics; to receive the reports on the activity of the Procurator’s offices of Union Republics.  
With the procurators of autonomous republics, regions, oblasts and districts the Procurator of the USSR, as a rule, shall communicate through the Procurators of Union Republics, and in urgent cases – personally with further notification of Procurator of the relevant republic.
The instructions and orders by the Procurator of the USSR are compulsory for all of the offices of procurators.
11. The procurators of Union Republics shall be appointed an recalled by the Procurator of the USSR upon the consent of the central executive committee of the Union Republic.
12. The procurators of the Regions, autonomous republics, districts and oblasts, as well as the procurators on the supervision of operative sectors of the OGPU shall be appointed by the Procurator of the USSR.
17 December 1933
(The Constitution and Constitutional Acts of the USSR (1922-1936), 1940, p. 145-146/in Russia)


1935
BASIC LAW (THE CONSTITUTION) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Chapter I
General Provisions
2. Republic of Abkhazia is a socialist state of workers and peasants included within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as the Autonomous Republic and through the latter, within the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus.
3. The Congress of Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies is the bearer of the supreme power of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and between the Congresses – the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
4. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia exercises the state authority on its territory independently as this authority is not restricted by the Constitution of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, either by the Constitutions of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic or the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics.
5. Changes of the territory under the jurisdiction of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, without consent of the latter shall be prohibited.
6. Every citizen of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, retaining the citizenship of the Republic, at the same time is a citizen of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia,  the Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of the Trans-Caucasus and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic.  The rights and responsibilities established by this Constitution and the legislation of the Republic for the citizens of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall apply to every citizen of the Union Soviet Republics being on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.  
Based on the principle of solidarity of the working people of all countries and nations, the foreign citizens representing the working class and carrying out the business-activity on the territory of the Republic, as well as the farmers not using the others’ labour, are guaranteed every political rights granted by the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
7. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia recognizes the equality of rights of citizens irrespective of their nationality or race; any direct or indirect restriction of the rights of, or, conversely, any establishment of privileges for, citizens on account of their nationality, as well as any advocacy of discrimination of national minorities or restriction of their rights contradict the basic laws of the Republic.
8. Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian languages shall be used at the state agencies of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Note: 1. Every ethnic group residing on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall have the right to free development and application of its mother-tongue in national-cultural, as well as in public institutions.
2. The language for administrative-territorial entities (districts, rural communities) shall be determined by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
15. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia grants the right to asylum on its territory to foreigners being persecuted for political activity in favour of Revolution.
(…)
Chapter II
The sphere of jurisdiction of the Supreme Power
of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
17. The following shall be under the sole jurisdiction of the Congress of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia:
a) establishment of and introduction of changes and amendments to the basic principles of the Constitution of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as endorsement of partial changes of the Constitution adopted by the Central Executive Committee in time between the Congresses of the Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia with further submission of the Decrees on this issue to the  All-Georgian Central Executive Committee and All-Georgian Congress of Soviets;
b) the issues related to the changes of the border of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia in conformity to the rules specified for in the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
18. The issues of the common character on the management of the autonomous state shall be under the jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and of the Central Executive Committee of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, in particular:
a) General management of internal policy and public economy of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
b) Administrative division of the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
c) Establishment of the bases for the public economy and certain branches on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia in compliance with the legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of Trans-Caucasus and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
d) Consideration of the budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and control over its implementation;
e) Internal state legislation on the issues of autonomous state management, as well as of development of the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia valid on the whole territory of the latter;
f) the right of pardon on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well the right of rehabilitation of political rights of citizens convicted  by courts and administrative agencies of the Republic;
g) annulment and termination of the decrees of District Soviets and District Executive committees, which are not in conformity to this Constitution and the legislation of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
h) the issues within the frame of the management of the Autonomous Republic the Congress of Soviets or the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia deems necessary to be considered by them.
19. The decrees issued by the supreme bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Trans-Caucasus SFSR, as well as the decrees, resolutions and Codes valid on the whole territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are binding on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
No other bodies, except of the Congress of Soviets or the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and in certain cases it Presidium, shall be authorized to issue the legal act of state significance on the territory of Abkhazia.
Chapter III.
Organization of the State Authority
The Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
20. The Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall consist of the representatives of the District and City Soviets one the basis of one deputy for every 1500 of the population where the Soviets are elected on the basis of a number of population, and one deputy for each 300 voters – where the Soviets are elected on the basis of a number of electors.
21. The Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall elect the Central Executive Committee of Soviets; the number of the members to the Committee shall be determined by the Congress of Soviets.
22. The Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be convened by the Central Executive committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia once in two years.
Note: If the circumstances impede the Central Executive Committee to convene the regular Congress, it can be postponed under the decision of the CEC.
23. The Special Congress of the Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be convened by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia at its discretion or upon the request of local Soviets and Congresses where the population is not less than one third of the whole population of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
b. Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and its Presidium
24. The Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the highest legislative, administrative and supervising body of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
25. The Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia issues the decrees on the matters relating to the management of the autonomous republic, as well as on the development of legislation valid on the whole territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
26. The Central Executive Committee directs in a general way the activity of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government and of all organs of the soviet authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and it unites and coordinates the operation of the legislation and management observing the fulfillment of the Constitution of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, Decrees adopted by the Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the legislation adopted by and valid on the whole territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
27. The Central Executive Committee is accountable to the Congress of Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia to whom it shall submit the reports on its activity and on general policy and certain questions having the all-state significance.
28. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall convene the regular session of the Central Executive Committee not less than three times a year.  The Special Sessions of the Central Executive Committee may be convened:
a) upon the initiative of the presidium of the Central Executive committee;
b) at the request of not less than one third of the members of the Central Executive Committee.
29. The Central Executive Committee shall elect the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and define the sphere of its activity.
30. The Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall form People’s Commissariats for the purpose of general management of the certain branches and appoint the People’s Commissars from the members of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee.
31. The Economic Forum shall be established at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, which will operate on the basis of special regulations.
32. In the periods between the convocation of the sessions of the Central Executive Committee, the Presidium is the supreme legislative, administrative and controlling authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
33. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall issue decrees, resolutions and instructions on behalf of the Central Executive Committee.
34. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall observe the implementation of the Constitution of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the Resolutions of the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee by every organ of the state authority; it shall be the supreme governing organ in the center and at the local level.
35. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is authorized to appoint the People’s Commissars and other high officials in the period between the sessions of the Central Executive Committee, with further submission for approval to the Central Executive Committee in accordance of the law.
36. The presidium of the Central Executive Committee shall consider the motions on pardon and rehabilitation in political rights.
37. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is entitled to suspend and annul the decrees and instructions issued by the People’s Commissars, central state agencies, district executive committees and City Councils, independent administrative entities and of the District Congress of Soviets.
38. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee resolves the disputes between the central and local authorities.
39. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is responsible to the Central Executive Committee.
B. The People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
40. For the purpose of general management of the fields under the jurisdiction of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and its Presidium, the following People’s Commissariats shall be formed: Education; Agriculture; Health-care; Justice; Local Industry; Internal Trade and Finances. The Office of the Representative of the Trans-Caucasus NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs), Representative of the People’s Commissariat of Communication and the Representative of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade shall operate at the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
41. The People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are led by the People’s Commissars; the members of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia stand at the head of the various People’s Commissariats.
42. The People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be subordinate to the Central executive Committee and the Presidium of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and implement the directives and tasks of the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
43. A people’s Commissar has the individual right to decide on all questions under the jurisdiction of the relevant commissariat.
44. The people’s Commissars are responsible to the Central Executive Committee the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
45. The orders and resolutions issued by the People’s Commissariat the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia can be revoked by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
If these orders or resolutions contradict to the instructions of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia or its Presidium, they also can be revoked by the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia if they also contradict to the legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Trans-Caucasus Soviet federative Socialist Republic and of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
c) The local organs of the Soviets – District Congress of Soviets, District executive committees, Council of Deputies and its executive bodies.
46. The Congress of Soviets, within its jurisdiction, is the supreme power on the territory of the district; in the periods between the convocation of the Congress the District Executive Committee is the supreme organ.
Note: Under the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and subject to further endorsement by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee, the certain cities, having the industrial or cultural-political significance, may form together with the adjusted rural territories or without them a separate administrative-economic entity that is not included within the District.  The city councils shall subordinate directly to the supreme authorities of the Republic.
47. The all Soviets on the territory of the District shall participate in the District Congress of Soviets.
48. The District Congress is composed of representatives from all local soviets on the territory of the District according the following quota: one deputy for 300 inhabitants from the Soviets of the territories where the Soviet is elected on the basis of the number of population, and one deputy for 60 voters from the Soviets of the territory where the Soviet is elected on the basis of constituency.
49. The regular District congresses of the Soviets shall be convened once a year.  The Special Congress may be convened by the relevant executive committee: a) upon its own initiative; b) at the request of the Congress of Soviets or Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; c) at the request of the local Soviets representing  not less than one third of the population of the given District.
50. Every District Congress of Soviets elects its executive organs – a District Executive Committee;  the number of members to the District Executive Committee the membership of which shall be determined by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
51. The District Executive Committees are responsible to the Congress of Soviets, which elected them and subordinate to the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and its Presidium.
52. For exercising the management of the district and implementation of directives and resolutions of the central power, the District Executive Committees shall elect the Presidium, which is authorized to carry out the function of the executive committee on the periods between the sessions of the Executive Committee and is responsible the latter.  Membership of the Presidium of each District Executive Committee shall be determined by Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
53. For the purpose of management of the certain branches on the territory of the District within the frame of district competence, the District Executive Committees may set up the departments, the organizations, structure and competence of which shall be defined by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
54. The Departments of the District Executive committee shall be entirely subordinate to the District Executive Committee and its Presidium; all instructions and tasks by the District Executive Committee and its Presidium, as well as of the People’s Commissars of Abkhazia and the Representatives of the People’s Commissariats are binding to the District Executive Committee.
55. The Soviets of Workers, peasants and Red Army Deputies shall be formed:
a) in rural area and towns where the majority of population is engaged in agriculture activity – one deputy for 100 inhabitants;
b) in cities and urban settlements where the majority of population is engaged in industrial enterprises, as well as in sovkhoz and construction at the rural settlements – one deputy for from 40 to 75 voters.
Note: In the territories where the population elects the deputies in accordance to the total number of population, the Military Units of the Red Army and Navy elect their deputies to the Soviets – one deputy for 50 voters; and in the territories where the population elects the deputies in accordance to the total number of voters they elect their deputies upon the same rule as for the rest of population.
56.  Re-election of the Soviets of deputies shall be held once a year.
57. The executive organs of urban and rural soviets, their structure and jurisdiction shall be defined by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
58. The Soviet of Deputies shall be convened by its respective executive organ upon its own initiative or at the request of not less than one third of the members of Soviets.
59. The local authorities (District Congress of Soviets, Soviet of Deputies and their executive organs) shall have under their jurisdiction:
a) take measures for raising the cultural and economic standard of the given territory;
b) draw-up and implement the local budget;
c) Carry out all orders of respective higher organs of the soviet power;    
d) Decide all questions of local importance within their respective territory;
e) Coordinate all soviet activity in their respective territories;
f) Secure the revolutionary justice on their respective territories;
g)  Secure the state order and public security on their respective territories;
h) Discuss the issues of nationwide importance upon their own initiative, as well as upon the proposal by the higher organs of the soviet power.
60. The District Congress of Soviets and the District Executive Committees shall have the right to control the activity of the local soviets and their executive organs.
61. The District Executive committees shall have the right to suspend the implementation, at their own responsibility, of the orders by the People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia on the exceptional basis and in conformity to the rules defined by the Central Executive committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
d) Courts and Directorate of Public Prosecution
62. For the legal protection of the Workers’ and Peasants’ state, and for strengthening of revolutionary justice and protection of the public order, the unified Public Court shall operate on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, which also includes the Directorate of Public Prosecution formed on the basis defined by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and functioning under the procedural rules, basics of which are determined by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
63. The judicial organs and the Directorate of Public Prosecution shall observe the civil and criminal legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia elaborated on the bases established by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as the laws valid on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; in case of lack or deficiencies of such laws, they shall be guided by the common spirit and interest of the Soviet legislation.
b) The checking and cancellation of elections and recall of the Deputies
70. If an election was irregularly carried on in its entirety, it may be declared void by a higher soviet authority.  The highest authority in relation of election of soviets is the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Chapter V
The budget rights of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
73. The local budget of the Republic is in force on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the local budgets of the administrative-territorial (cities, districts and rural settlements) entities included within the Abkhaz ASSR.
74. The volume of budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is subordinate to the rules provided for in the Regulations on Budgetary Rights of the autonomous soviet socialist republics and oblasts of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, and the budgets of administrative-territorial entities (cities, districts and rural settlements) of the Abkhaz SSR – to the Regulations on Local Fiscal Regulations and other relevant legal acts of the USSR, Trans-Caucasus SFSR and of the Georgian SSR.  
75. The income resources, as well as the expenditure of the budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be determined by the Regulations on Budgetary Rights of the autonomous soviet socialist republics and oblasts of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
76. The income resources, as well as the expenditure of the budgets of the administrative-territorial entities (cities, districts and rural settlements) included within the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be determined by the Regulations on Local Finances, as well as of other legal acts of the USSR, Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the Georgian SSR.
77. The Central Executive Committee of the  Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall regulate the budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the budgets of the administrative-territorial entities (cities and districts) included within the Republic on the basis of Regulations on Local Finances and through determination of incomes entirely transferred to the budget of the administrative territorial entities, as well as of allocations in relevant quantity from the central revenues.
78. All taxes and dues on the territory of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be determined upon the all-union legislation.
79. The Budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the budgets of the administrative- territorial entities included within the Republic, shall be approved before the fiscal year under the unified Act by the Central Executive Committee of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia in accordance to the rules established by the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
80. The procedure for drafting and implementation of the Budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as of the administrative-territorial entities, reporting and accounting on them shall be determined by the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
81. Expenditure of the budget resources of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and of the budgets of administrative-territorial entities (cities, districts and rural settlements) shall be formed within the scope approved in compliance with the budgetary allocations and only for the direct purposes.
82. The report on budget implementation by the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and the administrative territorial entities shall be reviewed and approved by the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Chapter VI
The Coat of Arms, Flag and Capital City
of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
83. The coat of arms of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of the background with the landscape of Abkhazia on which a golden scythe and hammer are placed.  On the top there is a five-pointed star in sun-rays.  The coat of arms is surrounded by corn, tobacco and grape wreath, inscribed in three languages: Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian – “Abkhaz ASSR” and “Workers of the World, Unite!”
84. The flag of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of red cloth or purple linen, in the left top corner of which are placed scythe and hammer and above them the five-pointed star surrounded with a golden wreath, inscribed: AASSR.  The size 1:2.
85. Sukhum is the capital of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
7 January, 1935
(The Congresses of the Soviets of the USSR, Union and Autonomous Republics, vol. 6, p. 766-781)


(RESOLUTION of the Congress) on changes of Articles:44,48,49,52,53,54,64 and 78 and revoking Article 51 of the Basic law (Constitution) of the Georgian SSR
The Seventh All-Georgian Congress of the Soviets of Workers, peasants and Read Army Deputies, on the basis of section “a” of Article 19 of the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, decrees:
    To introduce the following changes to the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia:
9. Article 78 (SU 1931, N9, Article 92) shall be formulated as follows:
“78. Central Executive committees of the Autonomous Republics or Oblasts shall form the relevant republic or oblast organs for the purpose of management of the autonomous branches of the state management (education, Health-care, Social Protection, Courts), as well as for management of joint branches (Local Industry, Agriculture, Internal Trade, Public Utilities, Labour). Representative of the People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall operate at the Central Executive committees of the Autonomous Republics entitled to direct the management of state branches on the whole territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The agencies of joint branches of the state management located on the territories of autonomous republics or oblasts and subordinate to the central executive committees of the autonomous republics or oblasts, shall carry out the directives and tasks of the relevant People’s Commissariats and the Trade Unions   of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; the latter are authorized to revoke the directives if they contradict to the directive of the central executive committees of the respective autonomous republics and oblasts, as well as to legislations of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Republic and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.  The representatives of the People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, being the organs of these commissariats in the autonomous republics and oblasts, shall submit the report on their activity to the central executive committees of the autonomous republics and oblasts.
Chairman of the Seventh All-Georgian Congress
of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Read Army Deputies – Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Seventh All-Georgian Congress
of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Read Army Deputies – T. Zhgenti
13 January 1935
(The Congresses of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR. 1921-1937; Collection of documents. Tb., 1980, p. 329-331/in Georgia)


1936
CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Chapter I.  Public Arrangement
Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the workers and peasants.
Chapter II. State Arrangement
Article 13. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is the Union State established on the basis of voluntary association of the equal Soviet Socialist Republics…
Article 14. The jurisdiction of the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, as represented by its highest bodies of state authority and administration, shall cover:
f) the admission of new republics to the USSR; endorsement of the formation of new autonomous republics and autonomous regions within Union Republics;
Article 25.
The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic includes: the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Chapter III.  Supreme organs of state power
Article 30. The highest body of state authority of the USSR shall be the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Article 33. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR shall consist of two chambers: the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities.
Article 34. The Soviet of Union shall be elected by the citizens of the USSR at the electoral districts on the basis of the following representation: one deputy from each 300 000 inhabitants.
Article 35. The Soviet of Nationalities shall be elected by the citizens of the USSR in the Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and National Districts on the basis of the following representation: 25 deputies from each Union Republic, 11 deputies from each Autonomous Republic, five deputies from each Autonomous Oblast and one deputy from each National District.
Chapter VI. The Organs of the State management of the Union Republics
Article 79.  The Council of Public Commissars of a Union Republic shall be the supreme executive and administrative body of the state authority in the Republic.
80. The Council of Public Commissars of a Union Republic shall be responsible and accountable to the Supreme Soviet of that republic or, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, to its Presidium.
Chapter VII. Higher Bodies of Autonomous Republics
Article 89. The highest body of state authority of an Autonomous Republic shall be the Supreme Soviet of that Republic.
Article 90.  The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic shall be elected by the citizens of that republic in a term of four years on the basis of representation specified for in the Constitution of an Autonomous Republic.
Article 91. The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic shall be a sole legislative authority of that republic.
92. Each Autonomous Republic shall have its Constitution with respect of characteristic traits of the Autonomous Republic and in full compliance to the Constitution of the Union Republic.
93. The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic shall elect a Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic and shall form a Council of Public Commissars of an Autonomous Republic in accordance of its Constitution.
Chapter VIII. Local Bodies of state authority
Article 94.  Local Soviets in Regions, Oblasts, Autonomous Oblasts, Districts, Cities, Settlements, and Rural communities shall be elected in a term of two years by the citizens accordingly.
Article 96.The norms of representation to the Local Soviets shall be determined by the Constitution of a Union Republic.
Article 98. Local Soviets of People’s Deputies shall decide matters within the competence accorded them by the legislation of the USSR and Union Republic.
Article 99.  The Executive and administrative bodies of local Soviets shall be the Executive Committees elected by them from among their deputies; the executive committee shall consist of: chairman, his deputies, secretary and members.
Chapter IX. Courts and Procurator
Article 102.  In the USSR justice is administered by the Supreme Court of the USSR, Supreme courts of Union Republics, courts of Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblasts, an the special courts established under the decree of the Supreme Soviet.
(…)
Article 104.  The Supreme Court if the USSR is the highest judicial body in the USSR and supervises the administration of justice by the courts of the USSR and Union Republics.
Article 105.  The Supreme Court of the USSR and the Special Courts shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR with a term of five years.
Article 106.  the Supreme Courts of Union Republics shall be elected by the Supreme Soviets of Union Republics.
107. The Supreme Courts of the Autonomous Republics shall be elected by the Supreme Soviets of the Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Republics with the term of five years.
Article 108. The Courts of regions and districts, as well as of autonomous oblasts shall be elected by the Councils of People’s Deputies of the relevant entities with the term of five years.
Article 109.  The Public Courts shall be elected by the inhabitants of the region on the basis of direct and equal suffrage by secrete ballots with the term of three years.
Article 110.  Judicial proceeding shall be conducted in the language of the Union Republic, Autonomous Republic or Autonomous Oblast. Persons participated in the court proceedings, who do not know the language of proceedings shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through interpreter, as well as the right to address the court in their own language.
(…)
Article 115. The Procurators of Union Republics, Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblasts are appointed by the Procurator of the USSR with the term of five years.
Article 116. Regional, district and city procurators shall be appointed by the Procurators of Union Republics subject to confirmation by the Procurator of the USSR; the term of office shall be five years.
Article 117. The agencies of the Procurator’s Office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator of the USSR.
5 December 1936
(Constitution and Constitutional Acts of the USSR, 1940, p. 5-22)

1937
CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Chapter I
The organization of the society
Article 1.  The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is a socialist state of workers and peasants.
Chapter II
The organization of the state
Article 13. For the purpose of mutual assistance in economic, political and defence sphere, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia voluntary associated with the equal Soviet Socialist Republics... – in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia guarantees the rights specified for in Article 14 of the Constitution of the USSR.
Outside of the scope of Article 14 the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall exercise its jurisdiction independently and fully maintain its sovereign rights.
Article 14.  The jurisdiction of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, as represented by its highest organs of state authority and organs of government, covers:
a) adoption the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, introduction the changes and amendments to it, control the observance of the Constitution;
b) Confirmation of the Constitutions of the Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous SSR;
c) Determination of boundaries of the Abkhaz and Adjarian SSR and of the South-Ossetian Autonomous oblast;
d) Submission of proposals for confirmation to the Supreme Soviets of the USSR on forming the new autonomous Republics and autonomous oblasts within the Georgian SSR;
e) Determination of boundaries and district division of the Georgian SSR;
f) Adoption of the laws, legal Codes and the Acts of the Georgian SSR;
g) Safeguarding the public order and civil rights;
h) Approval of the public-economic plans of the Georgian SSR;
i) Approval of the state budget of the Georgian SSR;
j) Management of implementation of the budgets of the Abkhaz Autonomous SSR, Adjarian Autonomous SSR and of the South-Ossetian Autonomous oblast, as well as of city’s and local budgets;
k) Introduction of state and local taxes, dues and non-tax income in accordance of the law of the USSR;
l) Administration of the Banks of state subordination, industrial and agricultural establishments and enterprises and  local trading enterprises and industry;
m) Control over the situation and management of the enterprises and institutions of all-Union importance;
n) Establishment of the rules for the use of land, its bowels, water and forest;
o) Administration of municipal improvements, housing and public utilities;
p) Administration of road-construction, local transport and communications;
q) Administration of labour legislation;
r) Administration of the public health;
s) Administration of insurance and savings’
t) Administration of primary, secondary and high educational establishments;
u) Administration of cultural-educational and scientific institutions and organizations of the Georgian SSR and management of cultural and scientific organizations of the all-state importance;
u) Arrangement of the judicial organs;
v) Granting the citizenship of the Georgian SSR;
x) Issuing the act of amnesty and pardon for the citizens convicted by the judiciary organs of the Georgian SSR.
Article 15.  The Georgian SSR reserves the right to secede freely from the USSR.
Article 16. Alteration of the territory of Georgia is inadmissible without its consent.
Article 17.  The laws of the USSR are valid on the territory of the Georgian SSR.
Article 18.  The citizen of the Georgian SSR is the citizen of the USSR.
Any citizen of other union republic shall enjoy the equal rights on the territory of the Georgian SSR as for citizen of the Georgian SSR;
Article 19. The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic includes: the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South-Ossetia; ... – districts and cities: Tbilisi and Poti, which are not included in the districts.
Article 20. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia includes: Gagra, Gali, Gudauta, Sukhumi, Ochamchire districts and city Sukhumi, which is not included in the district.
Article 21. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara includes: Batumi, keda, Kobuleti and Khulo districts, and city Batumi, which is not included in the district.
Article 22. The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast includes: Znauri, Leningori, Staliniri and Java districts and city Tskhinvali, which is not included in the district.
Article 23. The laws of the Georgian SSR have the same force within the territory of the whole Georgian SSR.
In the event of discrepancy between a law of the Abkhaz and Adjarian autonomous SSR and the Georgian SSR, the Law of the Georgian SSR prevails.
24. The Autonomous SSR of Abkhazia and the Autonomous SSR of Adjara shall have their own Constitutions which take account of the specific features of these autonomous republics and are drawn up in full conformity with the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and of the Constitution of the USSR.
The South-Ossetian Autonomous oblast has the Regulations of the autonomous oblast, which shall be approved by the Supreme Soviets of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter III
The highest organs of the state authority ofthe Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Article 26.  Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall exercise all the rights under the jurisdiction of the Georgian SSR in conformity to the Article 13 and Article 14 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR as they are, on the basis of this Constitution, outside of the competence of the organs that are accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR and of the People’s Commissariats of the Georgian SSR.
Article 27. The supreme soviet of the Georgian SSR is the sole legislative organ of the Georgian SSR.
Article 28. The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall be elected by the citizens of the republic according the electoral district upon the following norm: one deputy for 15 000 inhabitants.
Article 29. The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall be elected for a term of four years.
Article 34. The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall elect the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, consisting of: chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, two Vice-Chairmen according the number of autonomous republics, a secretary of the Presidium and 13 members.
Article 36.  The presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR:
d) revokes the resolutions and decrees issued by the Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR and of the Councils of People’s Commissars of the autonomous republics, as well as the Decisions adopted by the Council of Workers’ Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast if they do not comply to the legislation;
(...)
Chapter V
The organs of Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Article 44. The highest executive and administrative organ of the state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is the Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR.
Article 47.  Decision and Orders of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR are binding throughout the territory of the Georgian SSR.
Article 48. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR:
d) Coordinates and takes control over the activity of the councils of the people’s commissars of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblast; exercises guidance and takes control over the executive committees of the district and city soviets of worker’s deputies.
(...) 49. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR has the right to suspend the decisions and orders of the executive committee of the autonomous oblast and the resolutions and decrees of the councils of the People’s Commissars of the autonomous republics, and the decisions and orders of the Soviets of Worker’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast.
Chapter V
The highest organs of state authority of the Autonomous
Republic of Abkhazia and of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara
Article 59.  The highest organs of state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara are the Supreme Soviets of the respective autonomous republic.
Article 60. The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic is elected by the citizens of the Republic for a term of four years on the basis of representation established by the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 61. The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic is the sole legislative organ of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Article 62.  The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic:
a) Adopts the constitution of the Autonomous Republic and submits it to the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR for approval pursuant to Article 24 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR;
b) Submits proposals to the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR on forming the new districts an cities for approval, and determines their boundaries;
c) Approves the public-economic plan and budget of the autonomous republic.
d) Grants the award and honorary titles to the citizens of the autonomous Republic.
Article 63. The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic elects the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic consisting of: chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic, Vice-chairmen, a secretary of the members of the Presidium.
Article 64.  The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic is accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 65.  The jurisdiction of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic shall be determined by the Constitution of the Autonomous SSR.
Article 66. Elects the chairman and the vice-chairmen for the session of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 67.  The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic forms the Government of the Autonomous Republic – Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republic.
Chapter VI
The organs of government of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 of Abkhazia and of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara
Article 68.  The highest executive and administrative organ of the autonomous SSR of Abkhazia and Adjara is the Council of People’s Commissars of the respective autonomous republic.
Article 69. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republic is responsible and accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the respective autonomous Republic; and in the intervals between sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic it is responsible and accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 70. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republic adopts decisions and orders on the basis and in pursuant of the laws in operation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and the Autonomous Republic, and orders and decrees of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR, and supervises their execution.
Article 71. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous SSR has the right to revoke the orders and instructions of the People’s Commissars of the Autonomous SSR, and the decisions and orders of the District and City executive committees on the territory of it the autonomous republic, as well as to suspend the decisions and orders of the District Soviets of Worker’s Deputies.
Article 72.  The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic shall form the Council of people’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republic consisting of:
Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars;
Vice-Chairmen of the Council of People’s Commissars;
Chairman of the State Planning Commission;
Peoples Commissars of
Agriculture;
Finance;
Internal Trade;
Internal Affairs;
Justice;
Public Health;
Education;
Local Industry;
Municipal Economy;
Social Maintenance;
Head of Road Department;
Representative of Food-processing Committee;
Head of Art Affairs’ Department
In addition to the aforementioned, with respect of specifics of the economy and upon the approval of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the following People’s Commissars can be nominated:
Food Industry;
Light Industry;
Forest Industry.
Article 73. The People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republics direct the branches of state administration under their competence in accordance with the Constitutions of the Georgian SSR and the Autonomous SSR.
74. The people’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republics, within the scope of their competence, issue the orders and instruction in accordance with the laws of the USSR, the Georgian SSR, the Autonomous Republic, as well as with the decrees and orders issued by the Councils of people’s Commissars of the USSR, Georgian SSR and the Autonomous Republic.
75.  The People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Republic shall direct the branches of state administration entrusted to them and are subordinate to the Council of people’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Republic, as well as of the respective People’s Commissariat of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter VII
The organs of state authority of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
Article 76.  The organ of state authority in the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia is the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies.
Article 77.  The Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia directs the work of the organs of administration subordinate to them, ensures the maintenance of public order, the observance of the laws and protection of the rights of citizens, directs local economic and cultural development, approves the budget and public-economic plan of the oblast.
Article 79. The Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia adopts decisions and issues orders within the limits of the power vested in it by the laws of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 80.  The executive and administrative organ of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia is the executive committee of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia elected by the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast, consisting of a chairman, two vice-chairmen, secretary and seven members.
Article 81.  For the purpose of general management of the fields under the jurisdiction of the oblast, the executive committee of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia forms the following Departments:
Agriculture;
Finance;
Internal Trade;
Health-care;
Public Education;
Local Industry;
Municipal Economy;
Forestry;
Social protection;
Roads;
Chancellery;
Art Affairs;
Planning Commission;
Personnel division at the Chairman of the executive committee;
In addition to the aforementioned, the executive committee of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia forms:
Office of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs;
Representative of the Food processing agency.
Article 82. The Departments and entities of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia are subordinate to the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as to the respective People’s Commissariats of the Georgian SSR.
Article 83.  The district organs of state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of South Ossetia shall be formed in accordance of Chapter VIII of this Constitution.
Chapter VIII
The local organs of state authority
Article 84. The organs of state authority in the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and of the districts, cities, villages and rural settlements of the Georgian SSR are the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies.
Article 85. The Soviets of Working People’s Deputies of districts, cities, villages and rural settlements are elected by the workers of the respective territorial entities for a term of two years.
Article 86. The District Soviets of Working People’s Deputies shall be elected according the norm – one deputy for 300 inhabitants.
Article 87. The City Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies shall be elected according the following norms: the Poti City Soviet – one deputy for 200 inhabitants; the Kutaisi City Soviet – one deputy for 400 inhabitants; the Tbilisi City Soviet – 1 Deputy for 700 inhabitants; for the other cities: a) one deputy for 100 inhabitants where the population is under 10 000; b) one deputy for 150 inhabitants where the population is over 10 000;
Article 88.  The village and community Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies shall be elected according to the number of inhabitants: one deputy for not less than 50 and not more than 150 inhabitants.
The representation for the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies of rural settlements and communities shall be defined within the limits established by this Article.
Article 89.   The Soviets of Working People’s Deputies (District, city, village) direct cultural-political and economic development on their respective territories, introduce the local budget, direct the management of subordinate organs, safeguard the public order, encourage the strengthening of defence capacity and observe the laws and protection of the rights of citizens.
Article 90. The Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies adopt decisions and issue orders within the limits of the powers vested in them by the laws of the USSR, Georgian SSR and of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 93.  The executive and administrative organs of the Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies of districts, cities and villages shall be the executive committees elected by the respective Soviets consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairmen, a secretary and members.
Article 94. The executive and administrative organs of the Soviets of villages and communities with the inhabitants not more than 500 people are a chairman, a vice-chairman and a secretary elected by the respective Soviets.  
Article 95. Executive Committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies (District, city, village) shall coordinate the cultural-political and economic development in their area in accordance with the decisions made by the respective soviets of the working people’s deputies and of the higher state organs.
Article 96.  The District and City Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies shall elect a chairman and a secretary for holding the session.
Article 97.  The Chairman of the Village Soviet shall convene and lead the session of the village soviet.
Article 98.  The executive organs of the Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies are accountable to the respective Soviets they are elected by, as well as to the executive organs of the higher Soviets.
Article 99. The higher executive committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies are authorized to revoke and suspend the decisions and orders issued by the lower executive committees.
Article 101.  For the purpose of management of certain branches, the district and city Soviets are authorized to form the executive Departments.
Article 102.  The District Soviets shall form the following Departments:
Agriculture;
Public Education;
Finance;
Internal Trade;
Health-care;
Social Protection;
Chancellery;
Road;
Planning commission;
Personnel management sector at the Chairman of the Committee.
In addition to the aforementioned and proceeding from the specifics of the district’s economy and subject to approval of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR. Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic and of the Soviet of the Working People’s Deputies of the autonomous Oblast, the District Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies is authorized to form the Divisions: municipal economy and local industry.
Article 103. According to the district specifics, the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs shall form the offices at the District Soviets of the Working people’s Deputies in accordance of the laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR subject to approval of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous SSR and of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast.
Article 105.  The Departments of the District Soviets of the Working Peoples Deputies are subordinate to the District Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies and their executive committees, as well as to the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Georgian SSR, and in the Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblasts – to the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Autonomous Republic or the Autonomous oblast respectively.
Article 106. The Departments of the City Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies are subordinate to the City Soviet, as well as to the respective executive committee and the relevant People’s Commissariat of the Georgian SSR; and in the Autonomous Republics and Autonomous oblasts they are subordinate to the relevant people’s Commissariat of the Autonomous Republic or of the relevant Division of the Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast.
Article 108. The Departments of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of Sukhumi are subordinate to the City Soviet and its executive committee, as well as to the relevant People’s Commissariat of the Autonomous SSR of Abkhazia.
The Departments of the Soviet of Working People’s Deputies of Staliniri are subordinate to the City Soviet and its executive committee, as well as to the relevant Division of the Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
(…)
Chapter IX
The Budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Article 112.  The Council of people’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall draw-up the state budget of the Georgian SSR and submit it to the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR for approval.
(…)
Article 116. The income from the local economy, as well as the revenues from local taxes and dues of the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as of districts, cities, villages and rural settlements shall be allotted to the budget of respective territorial entity according to the quantity determined by the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter X
Courts and Procurator’s Office
Article 117.  In the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia justice is administered by the Supreme Court of Georgia, Supreme Courts of the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara, the Court of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, the Special Courts of the USSR established under the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and the people’s courts.
Article 119.  The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR is the highest judicial body in the Georgian SSR.  It is entitled to supervise the administration of justice at the courts of the Georgian SSR, Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous SSR and of the South-Ossetian Autonomous oblast.
Article 120. The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR for a term of five years.
Article 121. The Supreme Courts of the Autonomous Republics shall be elected by the respective Supreme Soviets for a term of five years.
Article 124. Judicial proceedings on the territory of the Georgia SSR shall be conducted in Georgian or in the language of Autonomous Republic, or Autonomous oblast.  Persons participating in the court proceedings, who do not know the language in which they are being conducted, shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through the interpreter, and the rights to address the court in their own language.
127. Supreme power of supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws by all people’s Commissariats and subordinate agencies, officials and citizens is vested in the Procurator of the USSR, as well as in the Procurator of the Georgian SSR.
Article 128. The Procurators of the Georgian SSR, as well as the procurators of the Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous SSR are appointed by the Procurator of the USSR for a term of five years.
Article 129.  The District and City procurators are appointed by the Procurator of the Georgian SSR for a term of five years subject to approval of the Procurator of the USSR.
Article 130. The agencies of the Procurator’s Office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator of the USSR.
Chapter XIII
Language, Flag and Capital-City
Article 156. Georgian is the state language of the Georgian SSR.
The national minorities residing on the territory of the Georgian SSR shall have the right to the free development and application of their mother tongues in cultural, as well as in state institutions.
Article 157.  The laws, as well as the Decrees and Resolutions of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Decisions and orders of the Council of people’s Commissariats of the Georgian SSR shall be published in Georgian language, and for the Autonomous Republics and Autonomous oblasts – in Georgian and in the language of autonomous Republic or oblast.
Article 158. The laws, as well as decrees and ordinances of the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republics, orders and decisions of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Republics, decisions of the executive committees of the autonomous oblast shall be published in the language of respective autonomous republic or autonomous oblast and in Georgian.
(…)
13 February 1937
(Collection of the Constitutional Acts of the Georgian SSR, p. 133-160)


CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Chapter I
The organization of the society
Article 1.  The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a socialist state of workers and peasants.
Chapter II
The organization of the state
Article 13.     The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is included in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia with the rights of Autonomous Republic.
The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia exercises its jurisdiction outside of competence specified for in Article 14 of the Constitution of the USSR and Article 14 of the Constitution of Georgia.
Article 14. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia includes: Gagra, Gali, Gudauta, Sukhumi, Ochamchire Regions and the City Sukhumi, which is under direct subordination to the highest organs of state authority of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 15.  The territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall not be altered without its consent.
Article 16. The laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR shall be binding on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia. In the event of discrepancy between a law of the Abkhaz ASSR and the USSR or the Georgian SSR, the law of the USSR or Georgian SSR prevails.
Article 17. The citizen of the Abkhaz SSR is the citizen of the Georgian SSR and of the USSR.
Any citizen of the Georgian SSR, as well as of other Union Republics shall enjoy the equal rights on the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR as for citizen of the Abkhaz SSR.
Article 18. The jurisdiction of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as represented by its highest organs of state authority and organs of government, covers:
a) adoption of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR, its submission to the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, controls the observance of the Constitution;
b) determination of boundaries of the districts and cities subject to further submission to the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR for approval;
c) legislation of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
d) safeguarding the public order and civil rights;
e) Approval of the public-economic plans of the Abkhaz ASSR;
f) Approval of the state budget of the Abkhaz ASSR;
g) Introduction of state and local taxes, dues and non-tax income in accordance of the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR;
h)  management of implementation of budgets of district, city and village soviets;
i) administration of insurance and savings;
j) administration of industrial, agricultural and trade initiatives and management of the organizations of the republican importance, as well as the management of the local industry;
i) control and monitoring over the situation and management of the organs subordinate to the USSR and of the Georgian SSR;
j) control and management of the rules for the use of land, its bowels, water and forest in accordance with the laws of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR;
k) administration of municipal improvements, housing and public utilities in the cities and other settlements;
l) road construction, management of local transport and of local communications;
m) control over the implementation of the Labour Law of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR;
n) management of the public health affairs;
o) management of the social security affairs;
p) administration of primary, secondary and high educational institutions;
q) administration of cultural-education and scientific institutions of the Abkhaz ASSR;
r) management and organization of the physical culture and sport affairs;
s) arrangement of the judicial organs of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Chapter III
The highest organs of the state authority of the
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Article 19. Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the highest organ of the state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
Article 20. Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall exercise all the rights under the jurisdiction of the Abkhaz ASSR in conformity to Article 13 and Article 18 of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR as they are, on the basis of this Constitution, outside of the of the competence of the organs that are accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR: presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR and the People’s Commissariats of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 21. The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR is the sole legislative organ of the Abkhaz ASSR;
Article 22. The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be elected by the citizens of the Abkhaz ASSR for a term of four years according to the electoral district upon the following norm: one deputy for 3000 inhabitants.
Article 23.  A law is considered adopted if passed by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR by a simple majority of votes.
24. The laws adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be published in Abkhaz and Georgian languages over the signatures of the Chairman and Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 25. The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR elects the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and two Vice-Chairmen.
Article 26. The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR presides the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and directs the internal procedures of the organ.
Article 27.  The sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR    are convened by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR twice a year.
Special sessions are convened by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR at its discretion or at the request of the one third of deputies of the Supreme Soviet.
Article 28.  Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR elects the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR consisting of a Chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, Vice-Chairman, a secretary and 8 members of the presidium.
Article 29.  The presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR is accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 30. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR:
a) Convenes the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR;
b) Interprets laws of the Abkhaz ASSR, issues decrees;
c) Conducts referendum;
d) Annuls decisions and orders of the Council of people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR and decisions and orders of the district and city soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR in case they do not conform to law;
e) In the periods between the convocation of the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR relieves of their posts and appoints certain People’s Commissars upon nomination of the Chairman of the Council of people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR, subject to subsequent confirmation by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR;
f) Confers titles of honour of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 37. Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR forms the Government of the Abkhaz ASSR – the Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Chapter IV
The organs of government of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
 Article 38.  The highest executive and administrative organ of the state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR.
(...)
Article 39. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is responsible and accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR; and in the intervals between sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR it is responsible and accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 40. The Council of the People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR issues decisions and orders on the basis and in pursuance of the laws of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and Abkhaz ASSR, and on the basis of decisions and orders of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and supervises their execution.
41. Decisions and Orders of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR are binding throughout the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 42. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR:
a) Coordinates and directs the work of the Commissariats of the Abkhaz ASSR and of other institutions, cultural and economic, under its subordination.  coordinates and controls the activity of the representatives of the all0Union and Union-Republican People’s Commissariats.
b) Adopts the measures to carry out the public-economic plan;
c) Adopts measures to carry out the state and local budgets of the Abkhaz ASSR;
d)  Adopts the measures for securing the public order, for protection of state interests, and for safeguarding the rights of citizens;
e) Directs and controls the activity of the District and City executive committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies
Article 43. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR has the right to annul decisions and orders of the District and City executive committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies and to suspend decisions and orders of the District and City Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies.
The Council of people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR has the right to revoke the Orders and Instructions of the People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 44. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR is appointed by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and consists of:
The Chairman of the Council of people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR;
Two Vice-Chairmen of the Council of people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR;
The Chairman of the state Planning Commission of the Abkhaz ASSR;
The following People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR:
Agriculture,
Finance;
Internal Trade;
Internal Affairs;
health-care;
Education;
Local Industry;
Municipal Economy;
Social Protection;
Head of Road Department;
Representative of the Food Processing Committee of the USSR;
Head of Department on Arts.
Article 46. The people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR direct the branches of state administration which come within the jurisdiction of the Abkhaz ASSR in conformity to the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 47. The people’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR issue, within the limits of their jurisdiction, orders and instruction on the basis and in pursuance of the laws of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz ASSR, and also of decisions and orders of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz ASSR and supervise their execution.
Article 48.  The people’s Commissariats of the Abkhaz ASSR direct the branches of state administration entrusted to them and they are subordinate to the Council of People’s Commissars, as well as to the relevant People’s Commissariat of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter V
Local organs of State Authorities
Article 49. The Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies are the organs of state authority in districts, cities, villages and rural settlements.
Article 50. The district, city, village and rural settlement Soviets of Working People’s Deputies shall be elected by the workers of respective territorial entity for a term of two years.
Article 51. The Soviets of Working People’s Deputies (district, city, village, rural settlement) direct the cultural-political and economic development of their respective territories, draw-up the local budget and direct the work of the organs of administration subordinate to them, ensure the maintenance of public order, the observance of the laws and the protection of the rights of citizens.
Article 52. The Soviets of Working People’s Deputies adopt decisions and issue orders within the limits of the powers vested in them by the laws of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 53. The executive and administrative organs of Soviets of Working People’s Deputies of districts, cities, village and rural localities are the executive Committees elected by them, consisting of a Chairman, Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary and members.
Article 54. The executive and administrative organ of rural Soviets of Working people’s Deputies in small localities is the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman, and the Secretary elected by them.
Article 55. The executive committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies (district, city, village and rural settlement) direct the cultural-political and economic development of their respective territories in pursuance of the decisions of the relevant Soviet of the Working People’s Deputies and of the higher organs of the state authority.
Article 56. The executive committee of the district Soviet of the Working People’s Deputies shall convene the session not less than 6 times a year.
Article 57. The executive committees of the Soviets of Working People’s Deputies of the city, village and rural localities shall convene the session of their respective executive organs not less that once a month.
Chapter VI.
The Budget of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Article 72. The income from the local economy, as well as the revenues from local taxes and dues of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, as well as the local payment and assets shall be allotted to the budget of the Abkhaz ASSR according to the quantity determined by the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Chapter VII
Courts and Procurator’s Office
Article 73. In the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia justice is administered by the People’s Courts, the Supreme of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Special Courts of the USSR established under the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Article 75. The Supreme Court of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the highest judicial body in the Abkhaz ASSR. It is entitled to supervise the administration of justice at the courts of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 76. The Supreme Court of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 77. The People’s Courts shall be elected by the citizens of the District through on the basis of universal, direct and equal suffrage by secret ballot for a term of three years.
Article 78. Judicial proceedings in the rural localities where the majority of population is of Abkhaz origin, shall be conducted in Abkhaz language and where the majority is Georgian population – in Georgian language; Persons participating in the court proceedings, who do not know these languages, shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through the interpreter, and the right to address the court in their native language.
Article 81. Supreme power of supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws by all People’s Commissariats and subordinate agencies, officials and citizens on the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR is vested in the Procurator of the USSR, as well as in the Procurators of the Georgian SSR and of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 82. The Procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR is appointed by the procurator of the USSR for a term of five years.
Article 83. The District and City Procurators of the Abkhaz ASSR are appointed by the Procurator of the Georgian SSR for a term of five years subject to approval of the Procurator of the USSR.
Article 84. The agencies of the procurator’s office exercise their function independently on any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator of the USSR and to the Procurator of the Georgian SSR.
Article IX
The Electoral System
Article 108. Elections of the Soviets of the Working People’s Deputies in Abkhazia shall be carried out in accordance of the Electoral Districts upon the following norms:
District Soviets – one deputy for 300 inhabitants; City Soviets – according to the size of the city – 1 Deputy for not less than 100 and not more than 200 inhabitants;
Village Soviets – according to the size of area – one Deputy for not less than 50 and not more than 150 inhabitants;  
The norms for election of district, city, village and rural settlements shall be established by the Regulations on the Election of Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR on the basis of the norms specified for in this Article.
Chapter X
Coat of Arms, Flag, Capital
Article 111.  The arms of the Georgian SSR is the State Arms of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, . . . surrounded with the inscription: „Workers of All Countries, Unite!“ in Georgian, Abkhaz and Russian languages.
Article 112. The Flag of the Georgian SSR is the Flag of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, which is a rectangle of red cloth, in the left corner above, within the square the inscription „Abkhaz ASSR“ in Georgian, Abkhaz and Russian languages with depicted in gold.
Article 113. The Capital of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the city of Sukhumi.
Chapter XI
Procedure for Amending the Constitution
Article 114. The Constitution of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia may be amended only by the decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR adopted by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR subject to approval by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
Presidium of the Eighth Special Congress of the All-Abkhaz Soviets.
Sukhumi, 2 August 1937.
(Constitution (Basic Law) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia. Sokhumi, 1937, p. 7-33/in Georgia)


1961
LAW on budgetary rights of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, Autonomous Repub-
lics and of the local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR
Part I
General Provisions
Article 1. The budget of the Georgian SSR is the major financial plan for establishing and using of the state fund of financial resources.  The state budget of the Georgian SSR accumulates part of national revenue used for development of industry, agriculture, transport, trade and other branches of public economy of the Georgian SSR, also for development of the welfare and cultural level of the workers and maintenance of the bodies of the state management.
Article 2. …
The budget of the Georgian SSR, as a state voluntarily associated with other equal union republics into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, is consolidation with the budgets of other Union Republics into the Budget of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The budget of the Georgian SSR, which includes the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara, the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia, the cities and districts of republican subordination – combines the budgets of the Georgian SSR, Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR, South Ossetian Autonomous oblast and the budgets of cities and districts under republican subordination.
Article 4. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara shall have the budget of the autonomous republic approved by the Supreme Soviet of the respective autonomous republic.
The state budgets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics combine the state budget of the autonomous republic and the local budgets of districts and cities (under subordination of the autonomous republic).
Article 5. The Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall have the local budget of the autonomous oblast approved by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast.
The local budget of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast combines the oblast budget and the budgets of districts and cities (under the oblast subordination) included within the autonomous oblast.
Part II
The State Budget of the Georgian SSR
Article 9. The following incomes shall be included in the state budget of the Georgian SSR:
a) deductions from profits and other takings from enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the Council of Public Economy of the Georgian SSR, the ministries and agencies of the Georgian SSR, Councils of Ministers, Ministries and agencies of the autonomous republics and executive committees of the Soviets of people’s deputies except the deductions from the profits of enterprises and economic organizations of the Council of Public Economy of the Georgian SSR transferring to the All-Union budget;
b) profits from forestry, income-tax from the collective farms, income-tax from enterprises and organizations of republican and local importance under subordination of the consumers’ associations, as well as under management of public organizations;
c) Agricultural taxes;
d) deductions from the income-tax from the population in amount of 50%;
e) state duties, local taxes, dues and fees determined by the legislation of the USSR.
Article 10. The State Budget of the Georgian SSR, outside of the incomes specified for in Article 9 of this Law, shall include:
a) the funds for the state social insurance for pension payment;
b) deductions from the turnover tax and from other All-Union incomes.
Article 11. The following expenditures shall be included in the budget of the Georgian SSR:
a) for financing of enterprises and economic organizations under the jurisdiction of the Council of Public Economy of the Georgian SSR, Ministries and Agencies of the Georgian SSR, Councils of Ministers, Ministries and agencies of the autonomous republics and executive committees of the local Soviets of the Peoples’ Deputies;
b) for financing of arrangements carried out by the institutions and organizations of the Georgian SSR in the field of sciences, culture, health-care, sport, for payment of pensions, allowances to the mothers having many children and for other events on social security;
c) for maintaining the state power and the organs of state management, judicial organs and notary offices of the Georgian SSR;
d) for other arrangements financed from the state budget of the Republic in accordance to the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 12.  The surplus funds of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, Councils of Ministers of the autonomous republics, as well as the fund for incidental expenses for the executive committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall be created in the state budget of the Georgian SSR for the purpose of covering the urgent needs of the public economy, social and cultural events and of other arrangements that couldn’t have been foreseen at the time the budget of the Georgian SSR had been approved.
Article 13. Differentiation of incomes and expenditures of the state budget of the Georgian SSR between the republican budget of the Georgian SSR, state budget of the Abkhaz ASSR and of the Adjarian ASSR, and of the local budgets of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, districts and cities under the republican subordination shall be determined at the approval of the state budget by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR upon submission of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
Article 14. In addition to the foreseen expenditures, the reverse cash balance shall be provided in the state budget of the Georgian SSR at the expense of residual funds.  The amount of reverse cash balance shall be determined upon approval of the state budget of the Georgian SSR.
The reverse cash balance may be utilized within a year for covering the cash break-off and it shall be restored within the same year.
Article 22. The law on the State Budget of the Georgian SSR shall be published for nationwide awareness.
Article 23. In case of adoption of laws of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR, or the decrees of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR after adoption of the state budget of the Georgina SSR, upon which the expenditure of the budgets of autonomous republics, cities and districts under republican jurisdiction included within the Georgian SSR shall increase, or the income shall decrease, these funds shall be responded from the state budget of the Georgian SSR.
Part III
The Republican Budget of the Georgian SSR
Article 31. The republican budget of the Georgian SSR shall provide the necessary funds for financing of measures of all-republican significance in the filed of economic and cultural development.  For the purpose of comprehensive economic development and securing the increase of welfare and cultural level of the workers of the Georgian SSR redistribution of financial resources between the autonomous republics, autonomous oblast, cities (within republican jurisdiction) and districts shall be exercised through the republican budget of the Georgian SSR.
Article 32. The following incomes shall be consolidated into the republican budget of the Georgian SSR:
a) deductions from profits and other takings from the enterprises and economic organizations under subordination of the Council of Republic Economy of the Georgian SSR, Ministries and agencies of the Georgian SSR except the part of deductions from the profits of enterprises and economic organizations of the Council of Public Economy, subject to transfer to the All-Union budget;
b) profit from forestry, income tax from collective farms, income tax from enterprises and organizations of consumers’ cooperatives and enterprises of public organizations;
c) Agricultural tax;
d) deductions from the income tax from the population in amount of 50%;
e) other incomes directed to the republican budget in pursuance to the legislation of the USSR.
In addition to the aforementioned incomes, the budget of the Georgian SSR shall incorporate:
a) funds of a state social insurance for payment of pensions;
b) deductions from turnover tax and from other All-Union state revenues and taxes.
Article 11. The following expenditures shall be included in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR:
a) for financing the enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the Council of Public Economy, ministries and agencies of the Georgian SSR.
b) for financing the arrangements carried out by the enterprises and organizations in the field of culture, sciences, health-care, sport,  as well as for payment of pensions, allowances to the families having many children and to unwed mothers and for other arrangements aimed at social protection;
c) for maintaining the organs of state authority and state administration of the Georgian SSR, judicial institutions and notary’s offices;
d) for other arrangements financed from the republican budget of the Georgian SSR in accordance with the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
The funds for transferring to the republican budgets of the Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR and local budgets of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, districts and cities under the republican subordination, shall be included in the expenditure part of the republican budget of the Georgian SSR upon deductions from the All-Union taxes and incomes.
Article 34. In accordance with Article 12 of this law the reserve fund of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall be formed within the republican budget of the Georgian SSR.
Article 35. In addition to the foreseen expenditures the reverse cash balance shall be formed in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR at the expense of the surplus funds in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR in the beginning of planned fiscal year.
The amount of reverse cash balance shall be determined at approval of the republican budget of the Georgian SSR.
 The surplus funds of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, Councils of Ministers of the autonomous republics, as well as the fund for incidental expenses for the executive committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall be formed in the state budget of the Georgian SSR for the purpose of covering the urgent needs of the public economy, social and cultural events and of other arrangements that couldn’t have been foreseen at the time the budget of the Georgian SSR had been approved.
The reverse cash balance may be appropriated within a year for covering the cash gap and it shall be restored in the same year.
Article 36. The additional incomes, received in the course of implementation of the republican budget of the Georgian SSR shall be directed in financing the measures aimed at developing the public economy and social-cultural events, including the investments in accordance with the rules established by the legislation of the USSR and the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
Article 37. The surpass sum of incomes above expenditure in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR accumulated at the end of fiscal year through   over-fulfilled revenues or saved expenditures, except of investments to the enterprises and organizations under subordination of the Council of Public Economy of the Georgian SSR that shall remain at the disposal of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR and appropriated upon its discretion.
Article 38.  The republican budget of the Georgian SSR shall be implemented upon the inventory of incomes and expenditures drafted by the Ministry of Finance of the Georgian SSR in accordance with the budget approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
Part IV
The State Budgets of the Autonomous Republics
Article 40. The budgetary arrangement of the autonomous republics is determined on the basis of their state arrangement and shall be set up by the Supreme Soviets of the autonomous republics in accordance with this Law.
The Autonomous Republics, included within the Georgian SSR shall have the right to draw-up, discuss, approve and execute the state budgets of the autonomous republics.
Article 41. The following incomes shall be incorporated in the state budget of the autonomous republics:
a) deductions from the profits and other takings from the state enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the ministries and agencies of the autonomous republics and to the executive committees of the local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Republic;
b) income tax from enterprises and organizations of consumers’ cooperation and enterprises of the public organizations;
c) income from the forestry;
d) agricultural tax;
e) local taxes and dues;
f) state duties and other incomes directed for developing the state budget of the autonomous republic in accordance with the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
Article 42. In addition to the incomes specified for in Article 41, the state budget of the autonomous republic shall incorporate deductions from turnover tax, income tax from collective farms, income tax from the population and other state revenues and taxes in amount specified for in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR.
Article 43. The following expenditures shall be incorporated in the state budget of the autonomous republic:
a) for financing of enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the ministries and agencies and executive committees of the local Soviets of people’s Deputies of the Autonomous Republic;
b) for financing the measures aimed at developing the culture, sciences, health-care, sport and  social protection carried out by the institutions and organizations of the autonomous republic;
c) for maintaining the organs of state authority and the organs of state administration of the autonomous republic;
d) for other events financed from the budget of the autonomous republic in accordance with the laws of the Georgian SSR.
Article 44. Differentiation of incomes and expenditures of the state budget of the autonomous republic between the republican budget and budgets of cities and districts shall be decided by the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic upon submission of the Council of Ministers of the autonomous republic.
Article 45. In accordance with Article 12 of this Law the reserve fund of the Council of Ministers of the autonomous republic shall be formed in the republican budget of the autonomous republic.
Article 46. In addition to the foreseen expenditures, the reverse cash balance shall be formed in the state budget of the autonomous republic at the expense of the surplus funds of the state budget of the autonomous republic in the beginning of planned fiscal year. The amount of reverse cash balance shall be determined at approval of the state budget of the autonomous republic and it may be increased against the sum fixed for the autonomous republic in the state budget of the Georgian SSR.
The reverse cash balance may be utilized within a year for covering the cash break-off and it shall be restored within the same year.
Article 47. The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic shall be authorized to increase the total revenues and change the total expenditures of the state budget of the autonomous republic in the budget of the Georgian SSR established in accordance with Article 21 of this Law; these changes shall be carried out without alteration of scope of deductions from the state taxes and incomes provided in the state budget of the Georgian SSR for the budgets of the autonomous republics.
Article 48. In case of adoption of laws of the autonomous republic, or the decrees of the Council of Ministers of the autonomous republic after adoption of the state budget of the autonomous republic, upon which the expenditure of the budgets of cities and districts under republican (autonomous republic) jurisdiction included within the autonomous republic shall increase, or the income shall decrease, these funds shall be responded to the republican budget of the autonomous republic.
Article 49. The additional incomes received in the course of execution of the budget of the autonomous republic shall be appropriated for financing of public economy and social-cultural arrangements, including the investments in accordance with the rules established by the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 50. The surpass amount of incomes above expenditures in the republican budget of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara accumulated at the end of fiscal year through over fulfilled revenues or saved expenditures shall remain at disposal of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Adjarian ASSR and may be appropriated for financing the public economy and social-cultural arrangements.
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, in certain cases, may redistribute this amount.
Article 51. The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republics shall determine the budgetary rights of the autonomous republics and the budgets of the local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the autonomous republics.
Part V
Local budget of the autonomous oblast
Article 52. Local budget of the autonomous oblast shall provide the monetary resources for financing the economic and cultural development carried out by the Soviet of people’s deputies of the autonomous oblast.
Article 53. The budget of the autonomous oblast shall include:
a) deduction from profits and other takings from enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the executive committees of the Soviets of people’s deputies of the autonomous oblast.
b) Income tax from enterprises and organizations of consumers’ cooperation and enterprises of public organizations;
c) Local taxes and dues;
d) State duties and other incomes directed for forming the local budget of the autonomous oblast on accordance with the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
Article 54. In addition to the incomes specified for in Article 53, the state budget of the autonomous oblast shall incorporate deductions from turnover tax, income tax from collective farms, income tax from the population and other state revenues and taxes in amount specified for in the republican budget of the Georgian SSR.
Article 55. The budget of the autonomous oblast shall include the following expenditures:
a) for financing enterprises and economic organizations subordinate to the executive committees of the local Soviets of people’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast;
b) for financing of arrangements in the field of education, sciences, culture, health-care, sport and social protection carried out by the enterprises and organizations subordinate of the executive committees of Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast;
c) for maintaining the organs of state authority and the organs of state administration of the autonomous oblast;
d) for other arrangements financed from the budget of the autonomous oblast in accordance with the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
Article 56. In addition to the foreseen expenditures, the reverse cash balance shall be formed in the budget of the autonomous oblast at the expense of the surplus funds of the said budget in the beginning of planned fiscal year.
The amount of reverse cash balance shall be determined at approval of the budget of the Autonomous Oblast in the State budget of the Georgian SSR.
The reverse cash balance may be appropriated within a year for covering the temporary cash gaps and it shall be restored within the same year.
Article 57. Differentiation of incomes and taxes of the budget of the autonomous oblast between the oblast budget and the budgets of cities and districts shall be decided by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast upon submission of the executive committee.
Article 58.  In accordance with Article 53 of this law, the fund of unexpected expenditures of the executive committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast shall be formed in the oblast budget of the Autonomous Oblast.
Article 66. In case of adoption of Resolution by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the autonomous oblast after approval of the budget of the autonomous Oblast, upon which the expenditure of the budgets of cities and districts under oblast jurisdiction shall increase, or the income shall decrease, these funds shall be responded to the budget of the autonomous oblast.
Article 67. The additional incomes received in the course of execution of the budget of the autonomous Oblast shall be appropriated for financing of public economy and social-cultural arrangements, including the investments in accordance with the rules established by the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 68. The surpass amount of incomes above expenditures in the budget of the Autonomous Oblast of South accumulated at the end of fiscal year through over fulfilled revenues or saved expenditures shall remain at disposal of the Executive Committee of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and may be appropriated for financing the public economy and social-cultural arrangements
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, in certain cases, may redistribute this amount.
Chairman of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR G. Dzotsenidze
Secretary of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR Z. Geldiashvili
Tbilisi, 27 December 1961
(Messengers of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, N 3, 1962, p. 159-193/in Georgia)


1971
LAW OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on District Soviets of People‘s Deputies of the Georgian SSR adopted on 9 December 1971
(…)
Article 1. In conformity to the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the District Soviets of People‘s Deputies, as the organ of the state authority in the District, shall deal with all matters of local significance in accordance with the interest of the whole state and of the citizens residing in the area under their jurisdiction, implement the decisions made by the higher organs of state authority; lead the activity of lower People‘s Councils, take part in the discussion of matters of the Republican and All-Union significance, and submit their proposals concerning them.  
Article 2. The District Soviets of People‘s Deputies shall be elected by the citizens residing on the territory of the district through universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballots for a term of 36 months.
The procedures for conducting the elections of the District Soviets shall be determined by the laws of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR, and in the Autonomous SSR of Abkhazia and Autonomous SSR of Adjara – also by the laws of these republics.
Article 6. The District Soviets of the People‘s Deputies shall be guided by the Constitution of the USSR and Georgian SSR, this law. the laws of the USSR and Georgian SSR, decrees and other acts issued by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of Georgian SSR observes the Constitution of the USSR, decision and orders of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, decisions of higher Soviets of the People‘s Deputies and their executive committees.
The Soviet of People‘s Deputies in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR shall also pursue the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR, the Constitution of the Adjarian ASSR, the legislation of the Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR on the Local Soviets and the other legal acts issued by the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR.
Article 7. The District Soviet of People‘s Deputies shall make the decisions within the limits established by the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and in the Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR, also in pursuance of the legislation of the Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR; the District Soviets shall secure the executions of the decisions within the limits of its competence.
The decisions of the District Soviets shall be binding on all enterprises, organizations, and institutions located in district area and on officials and citizens.
In the event of failure of fulfilling the decision of the District soviet and its executive committee by the heads of subordinate enterprises, institutions and organizations, the relevant superior organs have the right to submit the proposals on imposition of disciplinary sanctions even up to removal from the office.  The District Soviet or executive committee shall be informed about results of consideration of the proposals not later than within a month.
Article 8. The District Soviet of People‘s Deputies, directing the work of the city (District subordination), village and settlement Soviets of People‘s Deputies is entitled to revoke the acts of these Soviets if they contradict the relevant legislation.
Article 10.  In accordance with the Regulation on the State Flag of the Georgian SSR, the state flag shall be hoisted on the building while the sessions of District Soviet is held, and on the building of the Executive Committee of the District Soviet the flag shall be hoisted permanently.  In the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR the flag shall be hosted according to the rule established by the regulations on the Flag of Abkhaz ASSR and on the Flag of Adjarian ASSR respectively.
(…)
Article 11. The District Soviet of People‘s Deputies has a status of a Legal Person.
The executive committee of district soviet of People‘s Deputies has the seal with a Coat of Arms approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR they have the seal approved by the respective Presidium.
(…)
Article 36. The District Soviet of People‘s Deputies is entitled to discuss and decide at the sessions the matters within the limits of its jurisdiction provided for by the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR, also by the legislation of the respective autonomous republic.
(…)
Article 39. In case of discrepancies of decisions of the District Soviet of People‘s Deputies to the law, they may be revoked by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast such decisions may be revoked respectively by the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Adjarian ASSR and the Soviet of People‘s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
(…)
Article 40.  The executive and administrative organ of the District Soviet of People‘s Deputies is the executive committee elected by the Soviet from among its deputies with the following composition: chairman of the Executive Committee, Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary and members from 4 up to 9.
The membership to the executive committee shall be decided by the District Soviet.
Article 41. The executive committee of the District Soviet shall report on its work at least once a year to the Soviet that elected it and to meetings of citizens at their places of work or residence.
Article  42. The executive committee of the District Soviet of people‘s Deputies of republican subordination (Georgian SSR) shall be accountable both to the Soviet that elected it and to the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
The executive committee of the District Soviet of people‘s Deputies of republican subordination (Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR) shall be accountable both to the Soviet that elected it and the Council of Ministers of the respective Autonomous Republic.
The District Soviet of the People‘s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be accountable to the Soviet that elected it and to the Soviet of people‘s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Article 43. The executive committee of District Soviet of People‘s Deputies directs the state, economic and social-cultural development on the territory of the respective Soviet on the basis of decisions of the Soviet of People‘s Deputies and the higher organs of state and administrative authority.
(…)
Article 51. The executive committee of the District Soviet of the People‘s Deputies shall carry out the measures necessary for preparation and holding the elections of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, Supreme Soviet of the Adjarian ASSR, the local Soviets of People‘s Deputies, as well as of District People‘s Courts in accordance with the legislation.
Article 53. The decisions of the Executive Committee of the District Soviet of People’s Deputies may be revoked by the respective Soviet of People’s Deputies and by the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR within the limits of its competence.
The decisions and ordinances of the District Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR may be revoked by the Council of Ministers of the respective autonomous republic within the limits of their competence, and the decisions and ordinances of the District Soviets of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast may be revoked by the District Soviet of the People’s Deputies and the Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Article 56. The District Soviet of People’s Deputies forms the departments and offices.
The list of departments and offices, as well as the procedure of forming shall be defined by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR also by the legislation of the respective autonomous republic.
(…)
The Competence of the Departments and Offices of the District executive Committees shall be determined by the regulations subject to approval of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR they shall be approved by the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic accordingly.
(…)
Article 61. The District Soviet of People’s Deputies elects the standing commissions from the deputies for the purpose to carry out preliminary consideration of the issues under the competence of the District Soviet, to facilitate execution of decisions and control the activity of the state organs, enterprises and organizations.
Article 62. The major tasks of the standing commissions of the District Soviets of the People’s Deputies are as follows:
Control the implementation of the decisions of District Soviets, its executive committee and higher state organs by the Departments and offices, enterprises, organizations and agencies; safeguard the observance of the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR, and in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR the observance of the legislation of the respective Autonomous Republics.
(. . .)
Article 86. (…)
A deputy of the District Soviet may not be prosecuted, or arrested, or incur a court-imposed penalty without consent of the respective District Soviet or, between its sessions, of the respective executive committee.
The decision of the District Soviet or its executive committee on the issue specified for in section 4 of this Article may be annulled: in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the respective autonomous Republic, and in South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast it may be annulled by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast at this sending the issue back to the district soviet for reconsideration.  If the District Soviet reaffirms its previous decision, the issue may be decided by the Presidium of the Georgian SSR, and in the Abkhaz ASR and the Adjarian ASSR – by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic accordingly, and in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast – by the Soviet of People’s Deputies on the basis of submission of the Procurator of the Georgian SSR, Procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR, Procurator of the Adjarian ASSR and the Procurator of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
The deputy shall be ensured other conditions for the unhampered and effective exercise of his rights and duties that are established by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR by the legislation of the respective Autonomous Republic.  
(The Book of Georgian Laws, Vol. I. Tbilisi, 1985, p. 313-353/in Georgia)


LAW OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on City and the City-District Soviets of Peoples Deputies of
the Georgian SSR adopted on 9 December of 1971
(…)
Article 1. In accordance with the Constitutions of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the Soviets of Cities and City Districts, as the organs of the state authority shall decide the matters of the local significance in the cities and city districts in pursuance to the state interests, as well as to the interests of the citizens of the USSR, execute the decisions of higher state organs, direct the  activity of the inferior Soviets of People’s Deputies, participate in discussion of the issues of district, oblast, republican and All-Union significance, submit proposals on the issues.
Article 2. The City and the City-District Soviets shall be elected by the citizens of respective territories on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of two and a half years.
The rules for elections in District Soviets shall be determined by the laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSE, an in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR also by the laws of the autonomous republic accordingly.
Article 6.  The City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be guided by: the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and Constitution of the Georgian SSR, this Law, the other laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, the Decrees and other acts of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Resolutions and Decisions of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, decisions and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, the decisions of superior Soviets of People’s Deputies and their Executive Committees.
In the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR the City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall also be guided by: the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR, the Constitution of the Adjarian ASSR, the law of the Abkhaz ASSR and the law of the Adjarian ASSR on the City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies, other acts of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR, decisions and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Adjarian ASSR respectively.
Article 7. The City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall adopt decisions within the limits established by the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and in the Adjarian ASSR also in pursuance of the legislation of the respective Autonomous Republic; The City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall secure the observance of the aforementioned laws, safeguard their implementation, control the execution of decisions.
The decisions of the City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies are binding to the enterprises, institutions and organizations, also the officials and citizens on the territory of respective Soviet.
In the event of failure of fulfilling the decisions of the City and City District Soviets by the heads of subordinate enterprises, institutions and organizations, the relevant superior organs are entitled to file the proposal on application of disciplinary measures up to removal from the office.  The District Soviet or its executive committee shall be informed about the results of  consideration not later than within one month.
Article 8.  The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall decide the issue on forming the cities at the places of rural settlements. The procedure for changing the city boundaries shall be determined by the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall form the City District (district within the city) in accordance of the number of population and proceeding from the interests of the population upon proposal of the oblast Soviet of the people’s Deputies, City Soviet of People’s Deputies of Republican subordination (Georgian SSR), and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR upon proposal of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the respective autonomous Republic subject to approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.  The boundaries of the City Districts shall be determined and altered by the respective City Soviet taking in account the visions of the relevant City District’s soviet.
Article 9.  In accordance with the Regulation on the State Flag of the Georgian SSR, the state flag shall be hoisted on the building where the sessions of City and City District Soviets are being held; the flag shall remain there during the session period.  And on the buildings of city and city district executive committees the flag shall be hoisted permanently.  .  In the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR the flag shall be hosted according to the rule established by the regulations on the Flag of Abkhaz ASSR and on the Flag of Adjarian ASSR respectively.
(...)
Article 10. The City and City District Soviet shall have the status of a legal person.
The executive committee of City and City District Soviet of People‘s Deputies has the seal with a Coat of Arms approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR they have the seal approved by the respective Presidium.
(...)
Article 11. The rights and responsibilities of the City Soviet shall be determined by the legislations of the USSR an the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR by the legislation of respective Autonomous Republic according to the category of the city (subordinate to the Georgian SSR, the Abkhaz ASSR, the Adjarian ASSR, the oblast). The category shall be decided on the basis of rules established by the law in account of the number of population, political, economic and cultural significance of the given city.
(...)
Article 25. For the purpose of safeguarding the observance of the law, maintaining the public order, protecting the rights of citizens and exercising the people’s control, the City Soviet of People’s Deputies shall:
1) secure the execution of the laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and in the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjaria also the laws of the autonomous republics accordingly, as well as of other acts issued by the higher organs of the state authority and administration; maintain the state and public order; secure the rights and legal interests of the organizations and institutions, cooperative and other public organizations; organize the interpretation of the legislation and legal assistance to the population.
Article 27.  The city Soviet of People’s Deputies is entitled to submit the recommendation on granting the medals and conferring the honorific titles of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, and in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR also on the state awards of the respective autonomous republic.
Article 28. The City Soviet of  People’s Deputies shall direct the work of the Village and Settlement Soviets included within its area, approve the plans of economic and social development of the villages and settlements, determine the total amount of village and settlement budgets, approve the income from state taxes, separate the revenues and expenditures of the city, village and settlement budgets, perform the other function specified for by the law of the Georgian SSR on District Soviet of People’s Deputies; and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR, also in pursuance to the laws of these Autonomous Republics on District Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 29. Under the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the rural districts may be included under the administrative subordination of the District Soviet of the people’s Deputies on the exceptional basis.  In this case and also if there are agricultural enterprises or collective farms on the territory of the City, the City Soviets shall be guided by this law and the law of the Georgian SSR on District Soviets of people’s Deputies, and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR also by the laws on the District Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Republic accordingly.
(...)
Article 40. The City and City District Soviets of the People’s Deputies shall be entitled to discuss and settle at their sessions all matters within their power specified for by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR also by the legislation of respective autonomous republic...
Article 43. The decisions of the City (under oblast and district subordination), also city district Soviets of People’s Deputies may be revoked by the higher Soviet of People’s Deputies if they run counter to legislation.
The decisions of the City (under Republican subordination, i.e. Georgian SSR. Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR) may be revoked by the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Presidium of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Presidium of the Adjarian ASSR correspondingly.
2. The Executive Committee of the City and City District Soviets of People’s Deputies
Article 45. The executive and administrative bodies of the City and the City-District Soviets of the people’s Deputies shall be the Executive Committee elected by them from among their deputies consisting of: the Chairman of the Executive Committee, the Vice-Chairmen, as secretary and not more than 15 members of the Executive Committee.
The membership of the Executive Committee of the City and the City District Soviets shall be determined by the respective City and the City-district Soviet.
Article 47. The Executive Committee of the City (under oblast and district subordination) and the City-District Soviets shall be directly accountable both to the Soviet that elected it and to the higher executive and administrative organ.
The executive committees of the City (under Republican subordination, i.e. Georgian SSR, Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR) Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be directly accountable both to the Soviet that elected them and to the Council of ministers of the Georgian SSR, the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Adjarian ASSR accordingly.
Article 48. The executive committees of the City and City-District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall direct the state, economic and social-cultural development of their area on the basis of decisions of higher state and administrative organs.
(...)
Article 58. The decisions and ordinances of the executive committees of the City and City-District Soviets of People’s Deputies may be revoked by the corresponding Soviets of People’s Deputies and by the Executive Committee of the higher Soviets of people’s Deputies.
The decisions and ordinances of the executive committees of the City (under republican subordination, i.e. Georgian SSR, Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR) may be revoked by the corresponding Soviet of People’s Deputies, the Council of ministers of the Georgian SSR, Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR within their competence.
61. The executive committees of the City and City-District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall have the right to form the Departments and offices.
The list of Departments and offices, as well as the rule of their forming shall be determined by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASR also by the legislation of the respective autonomous republic.
(...)
The competence of the executive committees of the City and City-District Soviets of the people’s Deputies shall be determined by the Regulations approved by the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, and in Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR – by the respective Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic.
(...)
3. The standing commissions of the City and City-District Soviets of the people’s Deputies.
(...)
Article 67.  The major tasks of the Standing Commissions of the City and City-District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be as follows:
Recall the Deputy of the City and the City-District Soviets.
Exercise control over the execution of the decisions of higher state organs by the Departments and Offices, enterprises, institutions and organizations.
Ensure observance of the laws of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR also of the laws of respective autonomous republic.
(...)
Article 91. ...
(...)
A deputy of the City and the City-District Soviets may not be prosecuted, or arrested, or incur a court-imposed penalty on the territory of the corresponding Soviet without consent of the respective City and City-District Soviet or, between the sessions, of the respective executive committee.
The decisions of the City (under oblast and District Subordination), the City-District Soviets or their executive committees on the issue specified for in section 4 of this Article may be annulled by a higher Soviet of People’s Deputies or its executive committee, and the decisions of the City Soviets under Republican subordination (Georgian SSR, Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR) or their executive committees may be revoked by the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Georgian SSR, the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR accordingly subject to submission the matter to the corresponding Soviet for reconsideration. If the District Soviet reaffirms its previous decision, the issue may be decided by the Presidium of the Georgian SSR, and in the Abkhaz ASR and the Adjarian ASSR – by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic accordingly, and in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast – by the Soviet of People’s Deputies on the basis of submission of the Procurator of the Georgian SSR, Procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR, Procurator of the Adjarian ASSR and the Procurator of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
The deputy of the City and City-District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be ensured other conditions for the unhampered and effective exercise of his rights and duties that are established by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR by the legislation of the respective Autonomous Republic.  
(The Book of Georgian Laws, Vol.1,  p. 277-313)

 
1977
CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Chapter 1 Political System
Article 1.The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia, the working people of all the nations and nationalities of the country.
Article 33. Uniform federal citizenship is established for the USSR. Every citizen of a Union Republic is a citizen of the USSR.
The grounds and procedure for acquiring or forfeiting Soviet citizenship are defined by the Law on Citizenship of the USSR;
When abroad, citizens of the USSR enjoy the protection and assistance of the Soviet state.
 Article 34. Citizens of the USSR are equal before the law, without distinction of origin, social or property status, race or nationality, sex, education, language, attitude to religion, type and nature of occupation, domicile, or other status.
The equal rights of citizens of the USSR are guaranteed in all fields of economic, political, social, and cultural life.
Article 36. Citizens of the USSR of different races and nationalities have equal right.
    Exercise of these rights is ensured by a policy of all-round development and drawing together of all the nations and nationalities of the USSR, by educating citizens in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and socialist internationalism, and by the possibility to use their native language and the languages of other peoples in the USSR.
Any direct or indirect limitation of the rights of citizens or establishment of direct or indirect privileges on grounds of race or nationality, and any advocacy of racial or national exclusiveness, hostility, or contempt, are punishable by law.
Part III National State Structure
of the USSRChapter 8 Federal State
Article 70. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is an integral, federal, multinational state formed on the principle of socialist federalism as a result of the free self-determination of nations and the voluntary association of equal Soviet Socialist Republics.
Article 73. The jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as represented by its highest bodies of state authority and administration, shall cover:
1. the admission of new republics to the USSR; endorsement of the formation of new autonomous republics and autonomous regions within Union Republics;
    (…)
Chapter 10. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Article 82. An Autonomous Republic is a constituent part of a Union Republic.
In spheres not within the jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Union Republic, an Autonomous Republic shall deal independently with matters within its jurisdiction.
An Autonomous Republic shall have its own Constitution conforming to the Constitutions of the USSE and the Union Republic with the specific features of the Autonomous Republic being taken into account.
Article 83. An Autonomous Republic takes part in decision-making through the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and of the Union Republic respectively, in matters that come within the jurisdiction of the USSR and the Union Republic.
An Autonomous Republic shall ensure comprehensive economic and social development on its territory, facilitate exercise of the powers of the USSR and the Union Republic on its territory, and implement decisions of the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and the Union Republic.
In matters within its jurisdiction, an Autonomous Republic shall coordinate and control the activity of enterprises, institutions, and organizations subordinate to the Union or the Union Republic.
Article 84. The territory of an Autonomous Republic may not be altered without its consent.
Article 85.  …
The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic includes the Abkhaz and Adjara Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics.
(…)
Chapter 11.  Autonomous Regions (Oblasts) and Areas
Article 86. An Autonomous Region is a constituent part of a Union Republic or Territory. The Law on an Autonomous Region, upon submission by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Region concerned, shall be adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic.
Article 87.  The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic includes the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Part IV. Soviets of People’s Deputies and Procedures for Election
Chapter 12.  System and Principles of the Activity of the Soviets of People’s Deputies
Article 89.  The Soviets of People’s Deputies, i.e. the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of Union Republics, the Supreme Soviets of Autonomous Republics, the Soviets of People’s Deputies of Territories and Oblasts, the Soviets of People’s Deputies of Autonomous Oblasts and Autonomous Areas, and the Soviets of People’s Deputies of districts, cities, city districts, settlements and villages shall constitute a single system of bodies of state authority.
Article 90. The term of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of Union Republics, and the Supreme Soviets of Autonomous Republics shall be five years.
The term of local Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be two and a half years.
Part V.  State Authority and
Administration of the USSRChapter 15.  Supreme Soviet
Article 108. The highest body of state authority of the USSR shall be the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
The Supreme Soviet of the USSR is empowered to deal with all matters within the jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as defined by this Constitution.
The adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the USSR; admission of new Republics to the USSR; endorsement of the formation of new Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Regions; approval of the state plans for economic an social development, of the Budget of the USSR, and of reports on their execution; and the institution of bodies of the USSR accountable to it, are the exclusive prerogative of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
(…)
Article 109. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR shall consist of two chambers: the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities.
(…)
Article 110. The Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities shall have equal numbers of deputies.
The Soviet of the Union shall be elected by constituencies with equal populations.
The Soviet of Nationalities shall be elected on the basis of the following representation: 32 deputies from each Union Republic, 11 deputies from each Autonomous Republic, five deputies from each Autonomous Region, and one deputy from each Autonomous Area.
Article 141. The Council of Ministers of a Union Republic has the right to suspend the execution of decisions and ordinances of the Councils of Ministers of Autonomous Republics, to rescind the decisions and orders of the Executive Committees of Soviets of People’s Deputies of Territories, Oblasts, and cities (i.e. cities under Republic jurisdiction) and of Autonomous Regions, and in Union Republics not divided into regions, of the Executive Committees of district and corresponding city Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Chapter 18. The Supreme Bodies of state
authority and Government of the Autonomous Republics
Article 143. The highest body of state authority of an Autonomous Republic shall be the Supreme Soviet of that Republic.
Adoption and amendment of the Constitution of an Autonomous Republic; endorsement of state plans for economic and social development, and of the Republic’s Budget; and the formation of bodies accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic are the exclusive prerogative of that Supreme Soviet.
Laws of an Autonomous Republic shall be enacted by the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 144. The Supreme Soviet of an Autonomous Republic shall elect a Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic and shall form a Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic, i.e. the Government of the Autonomous Republic.
Chapter 19. Local Bodies of State Authority and Government
Article 145. The bodies of state authority in Territories, Oblasts, Autonomous Areas, districts, cities, city districts, settlements, and rural communities shall be the corresponding Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 148. Local Soviets of People’s Deputies shall decide matters within the powers accorded them by the legislation of the USSR and of the appropriate Union Republic and Autonomous Republic. Their decisions shall be binding on all enterprises, institutions, and organizations located in their area and on officials and citizens.
Article 149. The executive-administrative bodies of local Soviets shall be the Executive Committees elected by them from among their deputies.
    Executive Committees shall report on their work at least once a year to the Soviets that elected them and to meetings of citizens at their places of work or residence.
Article 150. Executive Committees of local Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be directly accountable both to the Soviet that elected them and to the higher executive and administrative body.
Part VII. Justice, Arbitration and
ProcuratorChapter 20.  Courts and Arbitration
Article 151. In the USSR justice is administered only by the courts.
In the USSR there are the following courts: the Supreme Court of the USSR, the Supreme Courts of Union Republics, the Supreme Courts of Autonomous Republics, Territorial, Oblast, and city courts, courts of Autonomous Oblasts, courts of Autonomous Areas, district (city) people’s courts, and military tribunals in the Armed Forces.
Article 159. Judicial proceedings shall be conducted in the language of the Union Republic, Autonomous Republic, Autonomous Region, or Autonomous Area, or in the language spoken by the majority of the people in the locality. Persons participating in court proceedings, who do not know the language in which they are being conducted, shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case; the services of an interpreter during the proceedings; and the right to address the court in their own language.
Chapter 21. Procurator
Article 164. Supreme power of supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws . . . is vested in the Procurator-General of the USSR and procurators subordinate to him.
Article 166. The procurators of Union Republics, Autonomous Republics, Territories, Regions and Autonomous Regions are appointed by the Procurator-General of the USSR. The procurators of Autonomous Areas and district and city procurators are appointed by the Procurators of Union Republics, subject to confirmation by the Procurator-General of the USSR.
Article 168. The agencies of the Procurator’s Office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator-General of the USSR.
(…)
7 October 1977
(Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Moscow, 1977, p. 5-47)


1978
CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Chapter I
Political System
Article 1. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is a socialist state of the whole people.
Chapter 5.
Citizenship of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia. Equality of Citizens
Article 31. According to the uniform federal citizenship established in the USSR, a citizen of the Georgian SSR is a citizen of the USSR.
The ground and procedure for acquiring or forfeiting Soviet citizenship are defined by the Law on Citizenship of the USSR.
(…)
Article 32. Citizens of the Georgian SSR are equal before the law without distinction of origin, social or property status, race or nationality, sex, education, language, attitude to religion, type and nature of occupation, domicile, or other status.
The equal rights of citizens of the Georgian SSR are guaranteed in all fields of economic, political, social, and cultural life.
Article 34.  Citizens of different races and nationalities have equal rights.
Exercise of these rights is ensured by a policy if all-round development and drawing together of all the nations and nationalities of the USSR, by education of citizens in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and socialist internationalism, and by the possibility to use their native language and the languages of other peoples in the USSR.
Any direct or indirect limitation of the rights of citizens or establishment of direct or indirect privileges on grounds of race or nationality, and any advocacy of racial or national exclusiveness, hostility, or contempt, are punished by law.
III
National-state and Administrative-
territorial Arrangement of the Georgian SSR
Chapter 7
Georgian SSR is the Union Republic within the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
Article 68. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is a sovereign Soviet socialist state. . . . The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as a result of the free self-determination of nations voluntarily associated with equal Soviet Socialist Republics in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – the unified multinational state.
Article 69. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia retains the right to freely secede from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Article 70. The territory of Georgia shall not be altered without its consent.  The boundaries between the Georgian SSR and other Union Republic may be altered by mutual agreement of the Republics concerned, subject to ratification by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Article 71. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia includes: the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
Article 72.The jurisdiction of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, as represented by its highest bodies of state authority and administration, shall cover:
Adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR;
2) Control over observance of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and insurances of conformity of the Constitutions of the Abkhaz SSR and of Adjarian SSR to the Constitution of the Georgian SSR;
3) Forming the new autonomous republics and autonomous oblasts within the Georgian SSR subject endorsement by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR;
4) The legislation of the Georgian SSR;
5) Safeguarding the public order, rights and freedoms of citizens;
6) Establishment of rules for organization and functioning of republican and local bodies of state authority and administration;
7)  Pursuance of a uniform social and economic policy; direction of the economic sector of the Georgian SSR; promotion of scientific and technological progress and the general measures for rational exploitation and conservation of natural resources;
8) Drafting and approval of state plans for the economic and social development of the Georgian SSR; drafting and approval of the state budget of the Georgian SSR; direct the execution of the budgets of the Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as of district and city budgets of the state subordination;
9) Determination of income subject to be accommodated in the budget of the Georgian SSR in pursuance the legislation of the USSR;
10) Direction of the sectors of economy, and of enterprises and amalgamations under Republican or Union-Republican jurisdiction, and general direction of industries and enterprises under Republican jurisdiction;
11) Establishment of the rules for the use of land, its bowels, water and forest.  
12) Administration of housing and municipal improvements, trade and public catering, public utilities, construction and services, and direction of the road and transport construction in the cities and other settlements;
13) Administration of public education, cultural and scientific institutions and organizations, health-care, physical training and sport, directing the social security; protection of historical and cultural monuments;
14) Issuing the act of amnesty and pardon for citizens convicted by the Courts of the Georgian SSR;
15) Representation of the Georgian SSR in international relations;
16) Dealing with other issues under the jurisdiction of the Republic.
Article 73.  The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia decides the issues of district division and the other issues relating to the administrative-territorial settlement of the Georgian SSR.
Article 75. The State language of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic shall be Georgian.
The Georgian SSR shall secure the comprehensive development of Georgian language and safeguards its application in the state and public organs, as well as in the cultural, educational and other institutions.
Free application of Russian and other languages, used by the population, shall be secured in the above mentioned organs of the Georgian SSR.  Any privileges for or restriction of any language is inadmissible.
Chapter 8,
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Article 79.  Autonomous Republic is a constituent part of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia. In spheres not within the jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, an Autonomous Republic shall deal independently with matters within its jurisdiction.
An autonomous Republic shall have its own Constitution conforming to the Constitutions of the USSR and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia with the specific features of the Autonomous Republic.
Article 80. The Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara take part in decision-making through the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR, in matters that come within the jurisdiction of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
The Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara shall ensure comprehensive economic and social development on their territories, facilitate exercise of the powers of the USSR and the Georgian SSR on their territories, and implement decision of the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
In matters within their jurisdiction, the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara shall coordinate and control the activity of enterprises, institutions, and organizations subordinate the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
Article 81. The territories of the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara may not be altered without their consent.
Article 82. The laws of the Georgian SSR are binding and shall have the same force on the territory of the Autonomous Republic.  In the event of discrepancy between a law of the Autonomous Republic and the Georgian SSR, the law of the Georgian SSR prevails.
Chapter 9
Autonomous Oblast
Article 83. The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic includes the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast.
Article 84.  The Law on the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR upon submission of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of this Oblast.
IV
The Soviets of People’s Deputies and Elections
Chapter 10.
The system of the Soviets of People’s Deputies and the Principles of their activity
Article 85. The Soviets of People’s Deputies, i.e. the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR, the Soviets of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, and the Soviets of People’s Deputies of Districts, Cities, city districts, settlements and villages shall constitute a single system of bodies of state authority.
Article 86. The term of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara shall be five years.
The term of local Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be two and a half years.
Chapter 11.
Election System
Article 91. Deputies to all Soviets shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
Article 97. Deputies to Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be elected by constituencies.
A citizen of the Georgian SSR may not, as a rule, be elected to more than two Soviets of People’s Deputies
(…)
The procedure for holding elections to Soviets of People’s Deputies shall be defined by the laws of the USSR, and of the Georgian SSR, and in the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara – also by the laws of these autonomous republics.
V
The highest bodies of State Authority and
Administration of  the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Chapter 13.
The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR
Article 105. The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall consist of 440 deputies elected by constituencies with the equal number of population.
(…)
Article 108.  The right to initiate legislation in the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR is vested in the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara through their highest bodies of state authority, standing commission and other commission of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR, and the Procurator of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
Article 110. The laws of the Georgian SSR, the Resolutions and other acts of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall be published in Georgian and Russian languages, and for the Autonomous Republics and Autonomous oblast – also in the language f respective autonomous republic or oblast over the signature of the Chairman and Secretary of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
Article 113.  The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall elect the Presidium – the standing body of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia.  The Presidium is accountable to the Supreme Soviet of Georgia and in the periods between the convocation of the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia it shall carry out the function of the state authority of the Georgian SSR within the scope established by this Constitution.
Article 114. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall be elected from among the Deputies and shall consist of a Chairman, three Vice-Chairmen, among them two chairmen from the Autonomous Republics, a Secretary, and fourteen members of the presidium.
Article 115. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall:
8) determine the rules for administrative-territorial settlement of the Georgian SSR; determine and alters the boundaries of the Autonomous Oblast and districts; establish the cities in the districts and districts in the cities; decide the jurisdiction of the cities; changes the place names of the districts, cities, villages and settlements;
9) Approve the district division, of the Autonomous Republics, as well as of creation of cities and districts of the cities, changes of place-names.
10) Revoke decisions and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR and of the Councils of Ministers of the Autonomous Republics, and the Council of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast, decisions of the District, City (Republican jurisdiction) Soviets in the event they fail to conform to the law.
(…)
Article 116. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR and subject to submission for its confirmation at the next session, shall:
2) approve changes in the boundaries of the Autonomous Republic; create the new districts and cities of the republican jurisdiction;
(…)
Chapter 14
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR
Article 122.  The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, i.e. the Government of the Georgian SSR, is the highest executive and administrative body of the state authority of the Georgian SSR.
Article 123. The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall be formed by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR and shall consist of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, First Vice Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen, Ministers of the Georgian SSR, and Chairmen of State Committees of the Georgian SSR.
The Chairmen of the Councils of Ministers of Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR shall be ex officio members of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
Article 125.  Within its power the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall:
7) Coordinate and direct the work of Councils of Ministers of the Autonomous Republics, and of the executive committees of the local Soviets of the People’s Deputies.
Article 128. The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR has the right, in matters within its jurisdiction, to suspend execution of decisions and ordinances of the Councils of Minister of the Autonomous Republics, and to rescind decisions and orders of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, the District, City (republican jurisdiction) Soviets of People’s Deputies.
(…)
VI
The highest bodies of State Authority and
Administration of the Autonomous Republics
Chapter 15.
The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic
Article 131. The highest bodies of state authority of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara shall be the Supreme Soviet of these Republics accordingly.
The Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara are authorized to decide the matters under their jurisdiction in conformity to the Constitution of the USSR, the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and the Constitution of the respective Autonomous Republic.
Adoption and amendment of the Constitutions of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR; endorsement of state plans for economic and social development, and of the Republic’s Budget; endorsement of the reports on implementation of the budget; the formation of bodies accountable to the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR are the exclusive prerogative of the Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara.
Laws of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR shall be enacted by the Supreme Soviets of these Autonomous Republics.
Article 132. The Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR shall elect the Presidiums of the Autonomous Republics – the standing bodies of the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR.  The respective Presidiums are accountable to the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR and in the periods between the convocation of the sessions of the Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Republics the respective Presidiums shall carry out the function of the state authority of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR within the scope established by law.
The composition and competence of the Presidium of the Autonomous Republics shall be determined by the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR.
Chapter 16.
The Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic
Article 133. The Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR, i.e. the Governments of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR, are the highest executive and administrative bodies of the state authority of the Autonomous Republics.
The Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR are accountable to the Supreme Soviets of the respective Autonomous Republic, and in the period between the convocation of sessions of the Supreme Soviets – to the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR accordingly.
Article 134. The Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR issue the decision and ordinances on the basis of the legislative acts of the USSR, Georgian SSR, Autonomous Republics, and of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, coordinate and control their execution.
Article 135.  The Council of Ministers of Abkhazia and the Council of Ministers of Adjara have the right to revoke decisions and instructions of the Executive Committees of the District and City (Republican jurisdiction) Soviets of the people’s Deputies.
 Article 136.  The Council of Ministers of Abkhazia and the Council of Ministers of Adjara have the right to revoke the acts of the Ministries, State Committees and other subordinate organs of their respective Republics.
Article 136. The Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR coordinate and direct the work of the ministries, State Committees and other subordinate organs of the Autonomous Republics.
The Ministries of the Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR direct the branches of state administration under their competence or execute the inter-institutional management and are subordinate to the Council of Ministers and State Committees of the respective Autonomous Republic, as well as of the Georgian SSR.
VIII
The local organs of state authority and
government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
Chapter 17
Article 137. The organs of state authority in the Autonomous Oblast, districts, cities and rural settlements of the Georgian SSR are the Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 140. The local Soviets of People’s Deputies adopt decisions and issue orders within the limits of the powers vested in them by the laws of the USSR, Georgian SSR and of the Autonomous Republic.
(…)
Article 141. The local Soviets of People’s Deputies convene the sessions of their respective executive committees at least once a year.
The Local Soviets of People’s Deputies are authorized to discuss and decide any matters under their competence in pursuance of the legislations of the USSR, Georgian SSR and respective Autonomous Republic. The list of matters decided solely at the session shall be specified in the laws on the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Chapter 18.
Executive committees of the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies
Article 145. The executive and administrative organs of the Local Soviets of the People’s Deputies shall be the executive committees elected by the respective Soviets consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairmen, a secretary and members.
The executive committees, at least once a year, shall submit the reports on their activity to the respective Soviets they are elected by, and hold the meetings of the workers’ organizations and citizens in accordance to their domiciliary.
Article 146. The executive committees of the Local Soviets of the people’s Deputies are accountable to the respective Soviets, as well as to the executive organs of higher Soviets.
Article 150. For the purpose of management of certain branches, the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia, district and city Soviets are authorized to form the executive Divisions and Offices.  These Divisions and Offices are subordinate to the respective Soviets and executive committees, as well as to the higher relevant organ of the state authority.
The matters under competence of the executive Divisions and offices of the Executive Committees of Local Soviets of people’s Deputies, also the rules for their creation shall be determined by the legislation of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and the respective Autonomous Republic.
(…)
Chapter 20
The Budget of the Georgian SSR
Article 158.  The budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is a constituent part of the budget of the USSR.
Article 159. The budget of the Georgian SSR unites the budgets of the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia ad Adjara and the local budgets.
Article 160. The separation of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Georgian SSR shall be defined by the law of the Georgian SSR on Budgetary Rights of the Georgian SSR, Autonomous Republics and Local Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 161. The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall draw-up the state budget of the Georgian SSR on the basis of the Economic and Social Development Plan of the Georgian SSR, and of the budget of the USSR.  The budget shall be approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR…
Article 162. The report on implementation of the budget of the Georgian SSR shall be endorsed by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR…  
IX
Administration of Justice, Arbitration and Procurator
Chapter 21.
Courts and Arbitration
Article 163. In the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia justice is administered solely by the Courts.
The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR, Supreme Courts of the Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous Republics, Tbilisi City Court, the Court of Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia and district (city) people’s courts are the Courts of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
    (…)
Article 165. The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR is the highest judicial body in the Georgian SSR.  It is entitled to supervise the administration of justice at the courts of the Georgian SSR.
The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairmen and People’s Assessors.
Article 171. Judicial proceedings in the Georgia SSR shall be conducted in Georgian or in the language of Autonomous Republic, or Autonomous oblast or in the language of majority of the local population of given localities.  Persons participating in the court proceedings, who do not know the language in which they are being conducted, shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through the interpreter, and the rights to address the court in their own language
Chapter 22
Procurator’s Office
Article 176. Supreme power of supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws. . . is vested in the Procurator-General of the USSR, as well as in the Procurator of the Georgian SSR subordinate to him and other inferior procurators.
Article 177. The Procurator of the Georgian SSR, as well as the procurators of the Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous SSR and of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast is appointed by the Procurator-General of the USSR.
The District and City Procurators are appointed by the Procurator of the Georgian SSR subject to approval by the Procurator-General of the USSR.
Article 178. The term of office of the Procurator of the Georgian SSR and of other inferior Procurators is 5 years.
Article 179. The agencies of the Procurator’s Office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator of the USSR.
(…)
15 April 1978
(Collection of the Constitutional Acts of the Georgian SSR, p. 249-293)
 

CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
I. The organization of the society and the principles of the policy of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Chapter I
Political system
Article 1. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a socialist state of the whole people…
Article 2. All power in the Abkhaz ASSR belongs to the people.
The people exercise state power through Soviets of People’s Deputies, which constitute the political foundation of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 5. Major matters of state life shall be submitted to nationwide discussion and put to a popular vote (referendum)
Article 11. State property, i.e. the common property of the Soviet people, is the principal form of socialist property
The land, its minerals, waters, and forests are the exclusive property of the state. The state owns the basic means of production in industry, construction, and agriculture; means of transport and communication; the banks; the property of state-run trade organizations and public utilities, and other state-run undertakings; most urban housing; and other property necessary for state purposes.
Article 16. The economy of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is an integral part of the economy of the Georgian SSR, i.e. of the united public-economic complex that includes every sector of production, distribution and exchange on the territory of the USSR
II. State and individual
Chapter 4
Citizenship and equality of individuals in the Abkhaz SSR
Article 28.  According to the uniform federal citizenship established in the USSR, every citizen of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a citizen of the Georgian SSR and the USSR
The grounds and procedure for acquiring or forfeiting Soviet citizenship are defined by the Law on Citizenship of the USSR
The citizens of the Georgian SSR and other Union Republics enjoy the equal rights as for citizens of the Abkhaz ASSR.
When abroad, citizens of the Abkhaz ASSR enjoy the protection and assistance of the Soviet state.
Article 31. Citizens of the Abkhaz ASSR enjoy the equal rights without distinction of race or nationality.
Exercise of these rights is ensured by a policy of all-round development and drawing together of all the nations and nationalities of the USSR, by educating citizens in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and socialist internationalism, and by the possibility to use their native language and the languages of other peoples in the USSR.
Any direct or indirect restriction of the rights of citizens or establishment of direct or indirect privileges on grounds of race or nationality, and any advocacy of racial or national exclusiveness, hostility, or contempt, are punishable by law.
III. Administrative-territorial arrangement of the
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Chapter 6.
Article 64. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is a Soviet Socialist state which is a constituent part of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Outside the spheres of the Constitutions of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, the Abkhaz ASSR exercises independent authority on its territory.
Article 65. The Territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia may not be altered without its consent.
Article 66.  The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall exercise its jurisdiction through its highest bodies of state authority and administration, which covers:
1)  Adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR and control its observance;
2)  Legislation of the Abkhaz ASSR;
3)  Securing of state order, protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms;
4) Introduction of the rules for administration and activity of the organs of the state authority and government in pursuance of the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
5) Securing the implementation of the uniformed social-economic policy; administration of the economy of the Abkhaz ASSR; development of the scientific-technical progress and securing the rational use of the natural resources, and implementation of measures for environment protection;
6) Elaboration and approval of the state plans on economic and social development of the Abkhaz ASSR; draw-up and approval of the state budget of the Abkhaz ASSR, districts of republican subordination and cities; directing the implementation of the mentioned budgets.
7) Determination of the revenues used for forming the budget of the Abkhaz ASSR in accordance of the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
8) Administration of the field of public economy under the jurisdiction of the Republic; direct the work of the organizations and enterprises under the republican or local subordination;
9) Control the use of land, its vowels, water and forest; environment protection according with the rules established by the legislations of the USSR and the Georgian SSR;
10) Administration of municipal improvement, housing, trade, public services in the cities and other settlements; direct the road construction and transport matters.
11) Administration of the educational, cultural and scientific organizations and establishments of the Abkhaz ASSR; direct the health-care, physical training and sport affairs; protection of history and cultural monuments;
12) Deciding the other important matters of the republican significance.
Article 67.  The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia takes part in decision-making through the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR, in matters that come within the jurisdiction of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall ensure comprehensive economic and social development on its territory, facilitate exercise of the powers of the USSR and the Georgian SSR on its territory, and implement decisions of the highest bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
In matters within its jurisdiction, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall coordinate and control the activity of enterprises, institutions, and organizations subordinate to the Union or the Georgian SSR.
Article 70. The state languages of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are: Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian.
The Abkhaz ASSR administers the state care of the comprehensive development of the Abkhaz language and secures the application of Abkhaz and other state languages at the state and public organs, as well as at the cultural, educational and other establishments.
Application of other languages at the aforementioned organs and establishments, used by the population, shall be secured. Any privileges or restriction over the application of any language in use is inadmissible.
Article 71. The laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR are binding on the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Chapter 7
Administrative-territorial arrangement of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 72. The district division and the matters relating to the administrative-territorial arrangement shall be decided by the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 73. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia includes the following districts: Gali, Gudauta, Gulripshi, Ochamchire, Sukhumi, and the cities of republican (Abkhaz ASSR) subordination – Sukhumi, Gagra, Tkvarcheli.
V. The Supreme Organs of the state authority and administration
Chapter 11.
The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 93.  The highest organ of state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR.
The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR is authorized to decide the issues under its jurisdiction specified for in the Constitutions of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and in this Constitution.
Adoption and amendment of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR; endorsement of the economic and social development plans of the Abkhaz ASSR; approval of the budget and of the report on budget implementation.
The organs accountable to the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia shall be created solely by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Adoption of the laws of the Abkhaz ASSR by the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia.
Article 94. The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR consists of 140 members elected by the constituencies with the equal number of population. …
Article 96.  The sessions of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia shall be convoked twice a year.
The special sessions of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia shall be convened by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet upon its own initiative or at the request of not less than one-third of the Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia.
The Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR includes: the sittings of the Supreme Soviets, as well as the sittings of the standing and other Commissions, which shall be convened between the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia.
Article 98.  The draft-laws and other issues submitted to the Supreme Soviet shall be discussed at the session of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia. Where necessary, a draft-law or other matter may be referred to one or more commissions for preliminary or additional consideration.
A draft law of the Abkhaz ASSR, the Resolutions and other acts of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be deemed to be adopted if it is supported by the majority of the members of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia.
The draft-laws of the Abkhaz ASSR and the major matters of state life, upon decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR or its Presidium, shall be submitted to nationwide discussion and put to a popular vote (referendum).
Article 99.  The laws of the Abkhaz ASSR, the Resolutions and other acts issued by the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia shall be published in Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian languages over the signatures of the Chairman and Secretary of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia.
Article 102.  The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall elect the Presidium of the Abkhaz ASSR, which shall be a standing body of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia, accountable to it for all its work and exercising the functions of the highest body of state authority of the Abkhaz ASSR between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, within the limits prescribes by the Constitution.
Article 103. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be elected from among the Deputies and shall consist of a Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary, and nine members.
Article 104. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR shall:
1) name the date of elections to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR and to the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies;
2) convene sessions of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia;
3) coordinate the work of the standing commissions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz SSR;
4) ensure observance of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR;
5) interpret the laws of the Abkhaz ASSR;
6) direct the work of the Local Soviets of the peoples’ Deputies;
7) determine the rule for administrative-territorial arrangement of the Abkhaz ASSR; name the new towns and rural settlements; decide the matters of the district division, creation of cities and districts within cities, change the names of the districts, cities and districts within cities - subject to approval of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia.
8) revoke the decrees and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of Abkhazia, as well as the decision of the district, city (republican subordination) Soviets of People’s Deputies if they do not conform to the law.
9) institute honorific titles of the Abkhaz ASSR; award the Certificate of Appreciation of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
10) exercise other powers vested in it by the Constitution and laws of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 105. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and subject to submission for its confirmation at the next session, shall:
1) amend existing legislative acts of the Abkhaz ASSR when necessary;
2) create districts and cities of republican jurisdiction, name and re-name the places in pursuance of the rules established by law;
3) form and abolish the Ministries, state committees and other organs of state administration established by the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR;
4) relieve individual members of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR of their responsibilities and appoint persons to the Council of Ministers on the recommendation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 106. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR promulgates decrees and adopts decisions.
Article 109. The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall supervise the work of all state bodies accountable to it.
The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR shall form a Committee of People’s Control of the Abkhaz ASSR to head the system of people’s control.
Chapter 12.
Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 111. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, i.e. the Government of the Abkhaz ASSR is the supreme executive and administrative body of the state authority of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 112. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be formed by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and shall consist of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, First Vice Chairman and Vice-Chairmen, Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, and Chairmen of State Committees of the Abkhaz ASSR and the heads of other state authorities established by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
The Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, on the recommendation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, may include in the Government of the Abkhaz ASSR the heads of other bodies and organizations of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 113. The Council of Minister of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be responsible and accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR, to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall report regularly on its work of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 114. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR is empowered to deal with all matters of state administration within the jurisdiction of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia Union of Soviet Socialist Republics insofar as, under the Constitution, they on not come within the competence of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR or the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Within its powers the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall:
1) ensure direction of economic, social and cultural development; draft and implement measures to promote the well-being and cultural development of the people, to develop science and engineering, to ensure rational exploitation and conservation of natural resources, to consolidate the monetary and credit system, to implement the measures for administration of state insurance and a uniform system of accounting and statistics; and organize the management of industrial, constructional, and agricultural enterprises and amalgamations, transport and communications undertakings, and other organizations and institutions of the Republican and local subordination;
2) draft current and long-term state plans for the economic and social development of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Budget of the Abkhaz ASSR, and submit them to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR; take measures to execute the state plans and Budget; and report to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR on the implementation of the plans and Budgets; for the purpose of economic and social development of the districts and cities of the republican subordination coordinate and control the enterprises, organizations and agencies of the Union and Republican (Georgian SSR) subordination on the issues under the jurisdiction of the Abkhaz ASSR; submit the plans and reports on the budget implementation to the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR;
3) implement measures to defend the interests of the state, protect socialist property and maintain public order, and guarantee and protect citizens’ rights and freedoms;
4) when necessary, form committees, boards and other departments under the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR to deal with matters of economic, social and cultural development;
5) take measures to ensure state security and defence within the competence established by the constitution.
6) direct the work of the executive committees of the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 116. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, on the basis of, and in pursuance of, the laws of the USSR, Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz ASSR shall issue decisions and ordinances and verify their execution. The decisions and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be binding throughout the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 117. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR has the right, in matters within its jurisdiction, and to revoke decisions of the executive committees of the district and city (republican subordination) Soviets of People’s Deputies.
The Council of Ministries of the Abkhaz ASSR has the right to revoke the acts of the Ministries and State Committees or other subordinate organs of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 118. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall coordinate and direct the work of ministries, state committees and other bodies subordinate to it.
The ministries and state committees of the Abkhaz ASSR shall direct the work of the branches of administration entrusted to them, or exercise inter-branch administration and they are subordinate to the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR, as well as to the relevant ministry or state committee of the Georgian SSR.
Ministries, state committees and other bodies of administration of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be responsible for the condition and development of the spheres of administration entrusted to them; within their competence, they issue orders and other acts on the basis of, and in execution of, the legal acts of the USSR, the Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz ASSR, and decisions and ordinances of the relevant ministries or state committees of the Georgian SSR, and organize and verify their implementation.
VII. State Plan of the Economic and Social Development of the Abkhaz ASSR and the State Budget of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 138.  The budget of the Abkhaz ASSR is constituent part of the budget of the Georgian SSR.
The budget of the Abkhaz ASSR consolidates the state budget of the Abkhaz ASSR and the local budget.
Separation of the Revenue and Expenditure components of the Republican budget of the Abkhaz SSR shall be determined by the law of the Abkhaz ASSR on Budgetary Rights of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies.
Article 139. The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR shall draw-up the state budget of the Abkhaz ASSR on the basis of the Economic and Social Development Plans, and of the budget of the Abkhaz ASSR.  The budget shall be approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 162. The report on implementation of the budget of the Georgian SSR shall be endorsed by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR…
Article 141. The reports on implementation of the Economic and Social Development plans, as well as of the budget of the Abkhaz ASSR, shall be reviewed and endorsed by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.  The general indicators of implementation of the plans and budget shall be published.
VIII. Administration of justice, Arbitration and Procurator
Article 141. In the Abkhaz ASSR justice is administered only by the courts.
Article 163. In the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia justice is administered solely by the Courts.
The Supreme Court of the Georgian SSR, Supreme Courts of the Abkhaz and Adjarian Autonomous Republics, Tbilisi City Court, the Court of Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia and district (city) people’s courts are the Courts of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
(…)
Article 144. The Supreme Court of the Abkhaz ASSR is the highest judicial body in the Abkhaz ASSR.  It is entitled to supervise the administration of justice at the courts of the Abkhaz ASSR.
The Supreme Court of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR for a term of five years consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairman and People’s Assessors.
Article 150. Judicial proceedings in the Abkhaz ASSR shall be conducted in Abkhaz, or Georgian or in Russian language, or in the language of majority of the local population of given localities.  Persons participating in the court proceedings, who do not know the language in which they are being conducted, shall be ensured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through the interpreter, and the rights to address the court in their own language
Chapter 16
Procurator’s Office
Article 155. Supreme power of supervision over the strict and uniform observance of laws. . . is vested in the Procurator-General of the USSR, the Procurator of the Georgian SSR subordinate to him and other inferior procurators and the procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR and his subordinate procurators..
Article 177. The Procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR is appointed by the Procurator-General of the USSR.
The District and City Procurators are appointed by the Procurator of the Georgian SSR subject to approval by the Procurator-General of the USSR.
Article 157. The term of office of the Procurator of the Abkhaz ASSR and of other inferior Procurators is 5 years.
Article 158. The agencies of the Procurator’s Office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies whatsoever, and are subordinate solely to the Procurator of the USSR.
IX. Emblem, Flag and Capital of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 159. The state Emblem of the Georgian SSR is the Emblem of the Georgian SSR.
Article 160.  The state flag of the Georgian SSR is the flag of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
(…)
X. Operation of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR and the rule for its amendment
Article 162. All of the laws of the Abkhaz ASSR and other acts of the state organs shall be based on and in pursuance to the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR.
Article 163. The Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR may be amended only by decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR adopted by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the vote’s casts of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR.
6 June 1978
(The Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia (Basic Law), Sukhumi, 1978, p. 3-41/in Georgia)
    

LAW OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR of 21 Decem­-
ber 1978.
General provisions
Article 1. The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, i.e. the government of the Georgian SSR, is the highest executive and administrative body of state authority of the Georgian SSR.
Article 3. The council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR Shall:
ensure observance of the Constitutions of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, the laws of the USSR and other decisions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and its Presidium, the laws of the Georgina SSR and other decisions of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, execute the decrees and ordinances of the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
support the implementation of the jurisdiction of the USSR on the territory of the Georgian SSR, execute the decisions of the organs supreme state authority and administration of the USSR.
(…)
Article 4. The rule of forming of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR. Composition of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall form the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR consisting of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, the First Deputy of the Chairman and Vice-chairmen, the ministers of the Georgian SSR, the Chairmen of the state committees of the Georgina SSR.
The Chairmen of the Councils of Ministers of Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara shall be ex officio members of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
II. The competence of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR
Article 6. …
The Council of ministers of the Georgian SSR, when necessary, may render the right on deciding the certain matters under its competence to the Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz and Adjarian ASSR, the executive committee of Soviets of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast district and city executive committees of the soviets of People’s Deputies (the cities of republican subordination) and other organs of state administration subordinate to it.
Article 19. Relation of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR with the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of ministers  of Adjarian ASSR.
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall direct and exercise control over the work of the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Adjarian ASSR  
The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of Adjarian ASSR shall participate in decision-making of the matters under the jurisdiction of the Georgian SSR.
The Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Adjarian ASSR shall submit the proposals to the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR on the matters that are subject of decision of the Government of the Georgian SSR.
For the purpose of execution of the plans of social and economic development, as well as of the All-Union and republican programs, the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall secure the necessary coordination between the Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR, and the Ministries and state committees of the Georgian SSR and subordinate organs.
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, within the limits of its competence, has the right to suspend execution of the orders and decisions of the Councils of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR and Adjarian ASSR.
Article 20. Relation of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR with the executive committees of the Local Soviets of the people’s Deputies.
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR, within the limits of its competence, has the right to revoke the decisions and ordinances of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and executive committees of the district and city (republican subordination) Soviets of People’s Deputies.
The Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR shall approve the Regulations of the Departments and Offices of the local soviets of the people’s Deputies.
(…)
21 December 1978
(The Book of Georgian Laws; vol. I, p. 233-251)


1979
LAW OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on Election of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR of
15 June 1979
(…)
Article 6.  The Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall be elected according to the electoral districts.  One deputy shall be elected from each electoral district.
Article 7. The electoral commissions shall organize the elections; the electoral commissions shall be formed from the representatives of public organizations, labour collectives and military units nominated at the meetings of the said entities.
(…)
Article 22. The electoral Commissions of the elections of Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
The following electoral commissions shall be formed for holding the elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR:
The Central Electoral Commission of the Elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR;
The District Electoral Commissions of the Elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR;
The Precinct Electoral Commissions.
Article 24. Forming of the Central Electoral Commission of the Elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
The Central Electoral Commission of the Elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall consist of the Chairman of the Commission, Vice-Chairman and 14 members.  The composition of the Commission shall be approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR not later than the fifth day after fixing the day of elections.
Article 25.  Forming of the District Electoral Commissions of the elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR
The District Electoral Commission shall be formed in each electoral District consisting of the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, a secretary and 10 members.
The composition of the District Commission shall be approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR accordingly, and the Executive Committee of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast not later than the tenth day after fixing the day of elections.
Article 26. Forming of the precinct electoral Commissions
The Precinct electoral Commission consists of the Chairman of the Commissions, Vice-Chairman, a Secretary and 4-16 members, and in the precincts having less than 100 voters – Chairman, Secretary and 1-3 members.  The composition of the commission shall be approved by district, city, or city district soviet of People’s Deputies respectively not later than the thirtieth day after fixing the day of elections.
15 June 1979
(The book of laws of the Georgian SSR, vol. I, p. 119-138)


LAW OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on Elections of Local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the
Georgian SSR of 15 June 1979
(…)
Article 1. The basis of the Electoral System
In accordance with the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the Deputies to all local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR – of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, Districts, Cities, city districts, settlements and villages – shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
(…)
Article 12. Holding the elections of the Local Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR
The elections of all local Soviets of people’s Deputies shall be held at one time and the day of elections shall be named by the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR…
Article 13. Forming the electoral Districts
The electoral districts shall be formed for holding the elections of local Soviets of People’s Deputies:
In the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South-Ossetian Autonomous oblast – 140 electoral districts
(…)
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR shall determine the number of electoral districts for the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, and for each district and city (under republican subordination) within the norms established by this Article; and for the city (under the District subordination), city district, settlement and village elections of People’s Deputies – the superior executive committee of People’s Deputies;  at the same tine the number of population, territory and other local conditions shall be taken into account.
The electoral Districts shall be formed by relevant executive committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies with equal number of population.
While defining the boundaries of the electoral district, the administrative-territorial division and other conditions shall be taken into account.
(…)
Article 22.  The electoral commissions for the elections of the local soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR
For holding the elections of the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, the District, City, City-District, settlement and village Soviets of people’s deputies, the electoral commissions shall be formed:
the District electoral commission of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast.
(…)
Article 24. Forming of oblast, district, City, City-District, settlement and village electoral commissions
The Electoral Commission of the elections of the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall consist of the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, a secretary and 12 members.
(…)
Article 25. Forming of District Electoral Commissions
The District Electoral Commission shall be formed for the elections of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, at each electoral district of elections of the district, city, city-district Soviets of people’s Deputies consisting of Chairman, Vice-Chairman, a secretary and 4-8 members.  The composition of the Commission shall be approved by the respective executive committee of the Soviet of people’s deputies not later than the fifteenth day after fixing the day of election.
(…)
15 June 1979
(The Book of Laws of the Georgian SSR, vol. I, p. 139-160)


1980
LAW OF THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF GEORGIAN on the Autonomous Oblast
of South Ossetia
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 1.  The Autonomous Oblast
The Autonomous Oblast is a form of soviet autonomy.
The Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia is included in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the basis of the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR.
The organs of state authority and the organs of state administration of the Georgian SSR shall secure the comprehensive cultural and economic development of the Autonomous Oblast.
Article 2. The legislation of the USSR and the Georgian SSR on the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
In accordance to the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the legal status of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be determined by this Law and other legal acts of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
Article 3. The Administrative-territorial arrangement of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
The territory of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia may not be altered without consent of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast.
The Following districts are included in the Autonomous Oblast: Java, Znauri, Leningori, Tskhinvali, the City of Tskhinvali of oblast subordination and other residential areas.
The alteration of boundaries of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be carried out in conformity to the rules established by law.
Creation of districts and cities, settlements and residential areas, as well as their abolishment, renaming and naming, determination of district boundaries and their alteration shall be carried out in conformity to the rules established by the law of the Georgian SSR.
The issues relating to the administrative-territorial arrangement of the Autonomous Oblast shall be decided with respect of the relevant organs of state authority of the autonomous oblast.
Article 4.  Representation of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In accordance with Article 110 of the Constitution of the USSR, five deputies shall be elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
Article 5. Participation of residents of the Autonomous oblast in elections of the Soviets of People’s Deputies.
The citizens residing in the Autonomous oblast participate in the elections of the Supreme Soviet of People’s Deputies of the USSR, Supreme Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR and Local Soviets of People’s Deputies in accordance with the legal acts of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 6. In accordance to the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, citizens residing in the Autonomous Oblast are equal without distinction of origin, social or property status, race or nationality, sex, education, language, attitude to religion, type and nature of occupation, or other status and shall have the equal right to the economic, political, social and cultural life; they also shall have the right to free application of the mother tongue and other languages of the peoples of the USSR.
Article 7. The right of direct interrelations between the organs of state authority and state administration of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and of the Georgian SSR.
Article 8. The Plan of Social and Economic Development of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
The Plan of Social and Economic development of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia is a constituent part of the Plan of Social and Economic Development for the Autonomous Oblast of the Georgian SSR.
The major indicators of the Plan of Social-Economic Development of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast are singled out in a separate line of the Plan of Economic-Social Development of the Georgian SSR.
The Plan of Economic and Social Development of the Autonomous oblast shall secure the comprehensive economic and social development of the autonomous Oblast.
Article 9. The Budget of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
The budget of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia is a part of the budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The Budget of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia is singled out in a separate line in the Budget of the Georgian SSR.
The part of profit of enterprises and organizations of republican subordination that are located on the territory of the oblast Soviets shall be transferred to the budget of the Autonomous Oblast; the amount of transfers and the rules shall be established by the legislation of the Georgian SSR.
The enterprises and organizations of All-Union subordination also take part in forming the revenue part of the budget of the Autonomous oblast.  The forms and methods of such participation shall be determined by the legislation of the USSR.
Chapter II
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast
of South Ossetia The major principles of forming and activity of the
Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
Article 10. The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast as the organ of state authority.
In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast is the organ of state authority in the autonomous oblast.
Article 11. The jurisdiction of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
The major principles of organization and activity of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast  and its jurisdiction is determined by the law of the USSR “on Jurisdiction of Soviets of people’s Deputies of Regions and Oblasts”, this law and other legal acts of the Georgian SSR.
The Oblast Soviet shall deal with all matters of local significance in accordance with the  interest of the citizens residing on the territory under its jurisdiction with respect of specifics of the autonomous oblast and other traits, implement decisions of higher bodies of state authority, guide the work of lower Soviets of people’s Deputies, take part in decision-making of matters of Republican and All-Union significance, and submit proposals concerning them.
The Soviet of people’s deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia shall form the oblast organs of state administration.
Article 12. The procedure of election of the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia.
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
The rules for conducting the elections are determined by the law of the Georgian SSR on Elections of Local Soviets of people’s Deputies.
(…)
Article 14. Direction of the state, economic and social-cultural development by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall direct on its territory execution of plans of the state, economic and social development, the budget and submit the report on its implementation, exercise general guidance over state bodies, enterprises, organizations and collective farms, facilitate the strengthening of state security, state and labour discipline, public order and protection of rights of citizens.
The enterprises, organizations and agencies, providing the service to the population of the oblast, shall be under subordination of the Autonomous Oblast.  The rules of subordination of the mentioned enterprises, organizations and agencies shall be established by the All-Union legislation and the laws of the Georgian SSR.
Article 15. Securing the comprehensive economic and social development by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia on its territory; relation with the enterprises and organizations under higher subordination.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall ensure comprehensive, all-round economic and social development of its area, exercise control over the activity of enterprises, institutions and organizations of All-Union or Republican subordination, coordinate and supervise administration of land-resources, environment protection, construction, labour resources, production of consumer goods. The Soviet of People’s Deputies shall hear regular reports from the heads of enterprises and institutions, take decisions on them and if necessary, submit the relevant proposals to the highest organs of state authority.  The proposals shall be considered and the results communicated to the Soviet.
The Ministries of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR, the state committees and agencies shall secure submission of indicators, plans and projects, except of plans of military production to the Oblast Soviet, take into account the conclusions of the this Soviet wile elaborating and approving the development plans of branches of the Public Economy on its territory.
(…)
Organization of the Activity of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
The Session of the Soviet of People’s deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia
Article 16. Guidance of the activity of lower Soviets by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall direct activity of the lower Soviets of People’s Deputies in execution of decisions of higher organs of state authority, implementation of plans of economic and social development, as well as of the All-Union, Republican, regional and Interagency programs of comprehensive development in conformity to the legislation; the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall learn and disseminate the experience of Soviets, provide officials with training and re-education activity and elaborate effective forms and methods for raising their qualification.
The Oblast Soviet shall hear the reports and information from the lower Soviets regarding their activity; it shall have the right to revoke the acts of subordinate Soviets if they run counter to the legislation.
2. Jurisdiction of the Soviet of People’s
Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
Article 17. Jurisdiction in the field of planning, material-technical supply, accounting and reporting.
The jurisdiction of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall cover:
1) Endorsement of current and prospective plans of economic and social development, organization of and control over the implementation of those plans, approval of reports on their execution; respect the requests of constituency while elaborating the current and prospective action plans, as well as of working collectives and public organizations; take measures for improving the planning works for the purpose of rational development of the economic branches; increase the effectiveness of production, acceleration of scientific and technical progress and improvement of the production quality;
2) Approval of the summarized close in the plan of economic and social development with respect of improving the working conditions, qualification and professionalism, education and cultural level, housing, health-care and other measures aimed at improving the level of life of employees;
3) Consideration of plans of organizations of All-Union and Republican subordination within the limit of its jurisdiction; submission of proposals, where necessary, to the relevant higher organs of state authority, participation in discussion of proposals; draft and approve the current and prospective plans of constructing materials, local consumer goods, communal service and cultural-housing construction, and control the implementation of the said plans.
4) Approval of the issues of location, development and specialization of enterprises, organizations and institutions of Oblast subordination and take measures for developing their material-technical basis.
5) Communication to the District and City (under the oblast subordination) Soviets the information regarding the draft-plans and approved plans of enterprises, organizations and institutions located in the area under its jurisdiction;
6) Participation in drafting the regional and other programs with regard of developing the territorial-industrial complexes and industrial blocs in the area under its jurisdiction;
7) Submission  to the relevant Ministries, State Committees and Agencies of the USSR and the Georgian SSR proposals on production of consumer goods at the enterprises under their jurisdictions (the Oblast Soviet shall be informed on the results of consideration of its proposals not later than within a month); drafting the conclusions for All-Union Ministries and the Ministries of the Georgian SSR on organization of producing of additional consumer goods outside of planned items at the enterprises under its subordination;
8) Elaboration of estimates of labour resources, local constructing materials and fuel, as well as of land resources and other estimates necessary for planning the economic and social development of the Oblast;
9) Reorganize and abolish the enterprises, organizations and institutions of oblast subordination in compliance to the rules established by law; where necessary, submit the proposals on reorganization or abolishment of the enterprises and organizations under higher subordination.;
10) Direction of organizations of oblast subordination dealing with supply and trade activity; arrangement of material-technical supply of enterprises of oblast subordination, as well as realization of produced goods;
11) Direction of accounting, reporting and statistic works at the enterprises, organizations and institutions under the oblast subordination; facilitation to the statistical entities; implementation of centralization of accounting works and introduction of progressive methods in those works; safeguarding the rules and procedures of drafting and delivering the reporting data, and its terms.
Article 18.  Jurisdiction in the field of budget and finance.
Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia:
1) Approves the total sum of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, specifies the major sources of income and assignments for local economy and for financing the social-cultural measures and maintaining the state and administrative organs of the autonomous oblast; while drafting the budget takes into account the requests of the constituency;
2) Approves the budget of the oblast, and the amount of cash-flow in pursuance to the oblast budget; determines the quarterly allocation of revenues and expenditures of the Oblast;
3) Approves the incomes and expenditures between the Oblast budget and the budgets of districts and cities of oblast subordination;
4) Determines the income and expenditure parts of the budgets for each district and city, approves the amount of transfers from state taxes and revenues to the budget of cities of oblast subordination;
5) Coordinates the implementation of the oblast budget; exercises control over implementation of budgets of cities under oblast subordination, protection of financial discipline, execution of industrial-financial plans of enterprises, associations and organizations with respect of effective usage of labour and financial resources;  examines the results of financial-economic activity of the departments and offices of the Executive Committee, enterprises and organizations; takes measures for searching the internal economic reserves;
6) Uses the additional sum of income and savings for development of local economy and financing of social and cultural events, including the investments for renovation of premises of Executive Committee, its departments and divisions and of the Notary Office, also for purchasing the equipment and facilities for them, for building the premises for village and settlement executive committees, purchasing of transportation means and renovation of existing offices (removal of the said resources from the oblast budget, except of those left due to the non-fulfillment of investment plans and the plans of development of the social-cultural institutions, is inadmissible);
7) In the course of execution of the budget and where necessary, redistributes the resources of the oblast budget among the economic branches, departments and divisions of the executive committee, and also within the approved fund of wages;
8) Approves the Report on implementation of the Oblast budget;
9) Takes measures for strengthening material-financial basis of the lower Soviets and Executive Committee;
10)  Creates the fund in the oblast budget for unforeseen expenses;
11) Determines the rules for providing the loans for covering the cash deficit to the budgets of cities under district and oblast subordination, and defines the rules for recovering of such loans;
12) In case of necessity and in pursuance to the rules established by law renders the pecuniary aid to the citizens who have got the damage from natural calamities or other accidents;
13) On the exceptional basis writes off bad debts from certain borrowers who got the loan for construction of individual houses from the State Bank of the USSR and the Construction Bank of the USSR upon the recommendation of the district or city Soviets of People’s Deputies;
14) Directs the works for calculation and collection of state and local taxes and duties; in conformity to the legislation extends the term of covering the income tax by the collective farms having got the damage due to the natural disasters, in case of necessity exercises a partial or full exemption from taxes at the expense of relevant budget; on the basis of average tax-rate on agriculture determines the tax-rates for certain districts and settlements; where necessary may reduce the rates and introduce the benefits on the local taxes and duties to the certain objects or the groups of tax-payers, decides other issues of taxes and duties under its jurisdiction;
15) Examines the quarterly cash-plans of the office of the State Bank of the USSR in districts and cities under the Oblast subordination, takes measures for execution of those plans; approves the long-term loan plans of the Oblast aimed at developing the collective farms, economic enterprises (organizations) in the rural settlements, construction of cooperative and individual houses; exercises the control over efficient and proper application of credits and timely recovery of the long-term credits; redistributes the long-term loans between the districts and cities under the Oblast subordination within the scope of total amount determined in the plans of long-term crediting for each group of  long-term debtors;
16) Exercises control over timely transfer of assessments of collective farms to the centralized Union Fund of social security of the farmers and to the centralized Union Fund of social insurance of the farmers;
17) Decides the issues relating to transferring the premises, transportation means and other property from one state organization, institutions or enterprise to other organizations, institutions or enterprises, as well as of collective farms, economic organizations and other institutions;
18) Issues the permission to the enterprises and organizations under the local subordination for purchasing the premises and facilities from the cooperative or other public organizations within the limits of capital assignments;
19) Directs the work of the state saving-banks, coordinates the allocation of the network of saving-banks on the territory of the oblast; directs the work of the local insurance agencies;
20) Administers and directs the works of internal financial audit.
Article 19. Jurisdiction in price-policy
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) Takes measures on the territory of the Autonomous oblast for implementation of uniformed price-policy and exercises control over the proper determination and application of prices, tariffs,  extra-charges and allowances by the enterprises and organizations located on the territory of the Oblast; takes necessary measures for effective state and public control in the field of price-policy, as well as for prevention of violation of price-discipline;
2) In pursuance to the legislation decides the issues of introduction of prices and tariffs; within its competence takes measures for development of price and tariff system, also for eradication of plurality of prices on the similar items and tariffs for the similar services.
Article 20. Jurisdiction in the field of Industry
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) Administers the enterprises and amalgamates, secures implementation of financial plans, controls the application of basic and current assets, quality of the production; approves the results of financial-economic activity, and the distribution of the profit; takes measures for application in industry the new and progressive technologies, and for effective use of equipments, facilities and materials; creates the fund for development of the local industry in conformity to the legislation.
2) Distributes the products of local industrial enterprises and amalgamates made of local materials, as well as of waste products and raw materials;
3) Directs the development of public goods; coordinates and controls their production at every enterprises located on the territory of the Autonomous oblast; takes measures for increasing the level of production, enlargement the range of goods  and for improving the quality of goods; organizes production of building materials on the bases of local raw materials through application of production waste at the disposal of the oblast;
4) Assists the enterprises and organizations located on the territory of the Oblast and subordinate to higher state organs in rational application of productive capacity, materials, labour and financial resources, improving the social and cultural level of workers and servants;
5) Finds the reserves of material resources for additional enlargement of the production of public goods;
6) Assists in developing the handicraft production; takes measures for strengthening the material and technical bases for handicraft production.
Article 21. Jurisdiction in the field of construction, town-planning and Architecture.
The Soviet of Peoples Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) Directs the works on town-planning, architecture and compound-construction; develops the construction works and building of premises, as well as the application of type designs and prefabricated elements, industrial methods of construction, local building materials, effective use of investments, development of material-technical base of construction; takes measures for: reducing the price, increase of effectiveness and quality, reducing the term of construction, application in construction of achievements of sciences and technologies and progressive and const-effective methods of planning and building, engineering, modern amenities and gardening;
2) In pursuance to the established rules approves or coordinates the projects and schemes of the district planning, projects of country-side zones, general plans and detailed projects of town-planning and other settlements, introduction of new construction on the territory of the oblast, extension and reconstruction of industrial, transport and other objects;
3) Exercises control over constructions carried out on the territory of the Oblast, observes the terms and quality of building and installation works; safeguards the proper application of lands under construction of premises irrespective of their subordination; prohibits or terminates construction carried out with the breach of legislation; applies other sanctions, established by law, in the event of low-grade construction of civil objects, production of poor materials and goods not meeting the standard and technical requirement;
4) Directs the building and repairing organizations under oblast subordination; observes implementation of financial-economic plans; approves the projects and titular lists of construction of the objects under oblast subordination within the limits of estimate established by law; upon the consent of enterprises, organizations, institutions and collective farms decides the issues on joint usage of resources assigned for housing, utility, road construction, building of cultural, educational, Health-care and sport facilities, offices for trade and public catering; determines the customers at those types of construction.
Article 22. Jurisdiction in the field of Agriculture and Food Production
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) Directs the agriculture and other branches of agriculture complex; takes measures for developing of material-technical basis, increase of production and improvement of the quality of agriculture products, improvement of housing and cultural conditions for the residents of rural area;
2) Approves the tasks on state purchasing of agriculture products; organizes implementation of plans by agrarian enterprises and organizations; secures the storage of agriculture products;
3) Takes measures for application of achievements of sciences and technologies as well as the progressive methods of agriculture production to the collective farms and other agrarian enterprises and organizations aimed at effective use and storage of agriculture machines, transport, fuel, fertilizers, pesticides and other material-technical resources;
4) Exercises control over the food processing organizations; observes the conditions of storage, processing and realization of agriculture products and raw materials;
5) Takes part in decision-making relating to the process of determination or changing of major direction of collective farms and other agrarian enterprises and organizations;
6) Directs the application of melioration, secure the effective exploitation of meliorating facilities;
7) Exercises control over observance of  Regulations of Collective Farms, democratic basis of management of collective farms and reconciliation of private and public interests in the collective farms;
8) Decides the issues of forming the inter-economic organizations in agrarian sector; coordinates their activity; decides the issues of their reorganization and liquidation;
9) Directs the veterinary works; introduces quarantine where necessary and secures the observance of quarantine and other veterinary and sanitary rules;
10) Takes necessary measures for fighting against vermin and weeds; introduces and removes the  quarantine on plants; exercises control over observance of rules of technical safety while applying the chemical means of plant-protection;
11) Elaborates and implements the measures aimed at increasing the agriculture production at the facilitating farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as at the private facilitating farms of peasants, workers and other citizens aimed at further developing the horticulture and trucking;
Article 23. Jurisdiction in the filed of environment protection and rational application of natural resources
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) Exercises management and state control in usage and protection of land on the territory of the Autonomous oblast; considers and approves the reports on condition and quality of the land;
2) Settles the disputes regarding the distribution of lots within the limits established by the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR; provides conclusions on rendering or seizing of land holdings exercised upon decision of higher organs;
4) Changes the boundaries and sizes of lands under collective farms and other agrarian enterprises, organizations and institutions for the purpose of strengthening or consolidation of aforementioned entities; approves the decisions of meetings of farmers and representatives on enlarging the spaces for facilitating farming at the expense of lands under public usage; gives permission for extending such spaces to the agrarian enterprises, organizations and institutions;
4) Exercises control over effective use of land and its fertility; takes measures against soil erosion, salinization, swamping and other processes worsening the soil condition;
5) Gives permission on carrying out the geologic, geodesic and other research works over all lands in pursuance the rules established by law without seizing the lands from the land-users;
6) Exercises the state management and state control in the field of water, forest, soil and air protection, as well as of fauna on the territory of the Autonomous oblast; settles the disputes on usage of water; takes part in planning of forest development, application of forest resources and timber; takes measures for protection of forests and fighting against forest-fires; exercises control over execution of measures for rehabilitation of deteriorated bowels and for re-cultivation of lands;
7) Secures elaboration and implementation of measures for environment protection, and of rational usage, protection and restoration of natural resources; exercises control over the hunting and fishing; directs the work of Associations of Environment Protection, Hunters’ and Fishermen’s.
Article 24. Jurisdiction in the field of road maintenance
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) secures the development of the road-network, its maintenance and material-technical supply for traffic regulation on the territory of the Autonomous oblast, building of premises and facilities for renovation of the roads;
2) directs the building, repair-works, maintenance and exploitation of motor roads of oblast and local importance; facilitates the building, maintenance and exploitation of motor roads of all-Union and republican importance; exercises control over building, renovation and maintaining the motor roads;
3) takes measures for rational usage of labour resources, equipment and facilities for building, renovating and maintaining of the roads;
4) coordinated involvement of collective farms, sovkhozs, industrial and transport enterprises and other organization in the process of building, reconstruction, renovation and maintenance of the local roads in pursuance of the rules established by law;
5) secures development of capacity of enterprises and organizations under oblast subordination producing materials for road construction, renovation and maintenance;
6) takes part in decision-making on the issues relating to the motor roads and roads of oblast significance; approves the enumeration of roads of local significance upon the consent of the relevant higher bodies.
Article 25. Jurisdiction in the sphere of transport and communications
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) directs the work of transport enterprises and organizations of Oblast significance;
2) exercises control over the activity of the transport enterprises and organizations of public service under higher subordination; facilitates them in fulfilling the plans of freight traffic;
3)  takes measures for concentration of motor transport at the large transport enterprises;
4) organizes the registration of motor cars and other vehicles at the enterprises, organizations and under ownership of citizens; provides supervision over the technical condition of those vehicles; exercises control over the proper usage of motor cars owned by the citizens.
5) takes measures for securing the safe traffic on the roads;
6) directs the work of communication enterprises and organizations under oblast jurisdiction, takes measures for improving the public service at the communication enterprises, provides assistance for improving the telephone, telegraph and postal communication, for development of the radio and TV network, renovation and protection of the communication lines.
Article 26. Jurisdiction in the field of housing, communal and modern services.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) directs the works of enterprises, institutions and organizations dealing with housing, communal and modern utilities under the oblast subordination; takes measures for strengthening their material-technical base; secures the complex development of organizations of housing and communal services;
2) secures the maintenance, proper exploitation, general and current renovation of housing fund under the jurisdiction of the local Soviets;
3) exercises control over the condition and exploitation of housing fund, communal enterprises and facilities, houses and premises under the personal ownership of citizens; takes measures for shifting the housing funds under agency subordination within the jurisdiction of the local Soviets;
4) exercises control over the registration of citizens not having the sufficient lodging space;
5) coordinates the works for electrification, water supply, gas supply, heating and sewerage system of urban and rural areas and other settlements; takes measures for securing the communal services and providing the fuel to the population; exercises control over the construction and exploitation of the water purification facilities;
6) takes measures for improving the condition of modern utilities and sanitary system of residential areas, maintaining and improving the gardens;
7) coordinates involvement of enterprises, institutions and organizations under higher subordination in municipal improvements of residential areas;
8) issues permission, in pursuance to the legislation, to demolish the dwellings owned by the citizens under the right to the private property for the purpose of providing the land plots for the state and public needs;
9) issues permission for renovating the houses at the expense of funds assigned for the major repairs;
10)  takes measure for maintaining the cemeteries, communal graves and other burial places;
Article 27. Jurisdiction in the sphere of trade and public catering
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) coordinates the state and cooperative trade, public catering on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast, as well as the works of trade enterprises and organizations under Oblast subordination; takes measures for strengthening of material-technical basis of trade enterprises and public-food organizations; provides refrigerating equipment and other facilities to those organizations;
2)  approves the plans of commodity turnover  of the retail trade enterprises and organizations under the oblast subordination; distributes the market funds of consumer goods between the organizations of state trade and consumers’ cooperation;
3) coordinates and exercises control over the works of the trade enterprises and organizations, as well as of public catering establishments under higher subordination;
4) takes measures for involving additional local resources of food and industrial production;
5) takes measures for investigation of demand on the consumer goods; facilitates in concluding the agreements between the enterprises and organizations of trade and public catering; takes measures for development of the network of trade and public catering; promotes application of progressive forms of trade and services;
6) exercises control over the agriculture products produced by the consumers’ cooperation on the basis of commissioning;
7) exercises control over observance of the Statute of oblast Union of Consumers’ Associations and of democratic foundations of management of Consumers’ Cooperation;
8) takes measures for development of trade of collective farms at the farmers’ market;
9) exercises control over the observance of trade and sanitary rules at the trade organizations, as well as at the institutions of public food and the farmers’ markets.
Article 28. Jurisdiction in the sphere of consumer services
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) directs the consumer service of the population at the enterprises and organizations under oblast subordination dealing with consumer service; takes measures for strengthening of material-technical basis and effective application of capacities of the enterprises working in the field of consumer service;
2) secures the execution of industrial-financial plans by consumer service
enterprises and organizations under Oblast subordination;  exercises control over appropriation of basic assets; approves the results of financial-economic activity and distribution of profits in accordance with the established rules;
3) approves the plans of realization of consumer services by the enterprises and organizations under Oblast subordination, also the tasks of consumer service to the population provided by the enterprises and organizations of All-Union and Republican subordination.
4) coordinates and exercises control over the works of consumer service enterprises under higher subordination;
5)  secures more comprehensive supply of consumer services; takes measures for specialization and strengthening of production and application of wider types of consumer services, improvement of quality and raising the culture of service; exercises control over the regime of activity of the consumer service enterprises and offices;
6) promotes development of patronage and cooperation system between the industrial and consumer service enterprises; facilitates to the enterprises, collective farms and Sovkhozs in effective application of their capacities and enlargement of the network of consumer services.
Article 29.  Jurisdiction in the field of education and sciences
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) directs the matters of public education, pre-school and non-school education, as well as education of children at the boarding schools, children’s home and special schools; secures the implementation of general compulsory education at secondary schools; secures the possibility to apply the native language at schools as a language of instruction; takes measures for strengthening the links between the schools and enterprises, for improvement of vocational education; provides the registration of the school-age children;
2) secures the development of the network of schools, proper allocation of secondary schools, application of training workshops and sections of enterprises, organizations and collective farms for working education; takes measures for improving the activity of the night classes and the educational institution instructing by correspondence;
3) secures the development of the network of pre-school and out-of school education, their proper allocation; when necessary may increase a number of children at the pre-school establishment above the amount determined in the plan of economic and social development of the autonomous oblast and provides the additional funds from the budget of the Autonomous oblast;
4) exercises control over the schools of general education, pre-schools and out-of school establishments irrespective of their jurisdiction, and over the proper application of educational funds;
5) secures the strengthening of educational-material capacity of schools, boarding-schools, children’s homes, as well as of material basis for labour education;
6) takes measures for providing free text-books for the pupils of schools of general education;
7) provides free transportation for the children of rural area to school and from school, as well as to the places of labour education;
8) directs the work of guardianship and trusteeship establishments;
9) take measures for assisting the development of sciences, the works high educational and vocational institutions located on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast.
Article 30.  Jurisdiction in the field of Cultural-educational and Art activity
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
1) directs the cultural-educational works at the cultural-educational establishments under the Oblast subordination; takes measure for promoting the role of cultural-educational and art institutions in developing the higher political, working, moral and ethic levels; takes measures for strengthening their material-technical basis and capacity;
2)  coordinates and exercises control over the activity of cultural-educational organizations and institutions, art schools and enterprises irrespective of their subordination;
3) elaborates and executes the various of measures for developing the network of cultural and art establishments of the autonomous oblast, the system of cultural service to the population and the network of cultural establishment at the rural areas;  takes measures for developing of national culture, art and literature;
4) directs the work of TV and Radio broadcasting; organizes the cinema service for the population; takes measures for developing of theatrical, musical, dancing and art amateur establishments and other forms of folk amateur art activities;  organizes the festivals, competitions, exhibitions and other arrangements in the field of culture and art;
5) directs the works for introducing the civil rites in the life of Soviet citizens;
6) exercises state management and state control in the field of protection of historical and cultural monuments;
7) directs the publishing activity at the enterprises and organizations under the oblast subordination;
8) renders the assistance to the Creative Unions and organizations, the Society “Tsodna” of Georgian SSR.
Article 31. Jurisdiction in the field of Healthcare.
The Soviet of People’ Deputies of the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia:
9) directs the affairs of healthcare at the medical organizations and institutions under the subordination of the autonomous Oblast; takes measures for strengthening their material-technical basis and institutional capacity; takes measures for developing the network of the medical institutions and for proper allocation of such organizations;  secures the emergency service to the population;
10) exercises control over the medical institutions under higher subordination;
11) coordinates and exercises control over the activity of all enterprises, institutions and organizations in health protection and sanitary-economic condition of the population, prevention of infection diseases; in case of threat of  spreading the contagious diseases introduces the special regime of labour, education, transportation and  freightage in pursuance to the established rules aimed at preventing from and liquidating the disease;
12) secures the medicine-supply and takes medical-preventive measures for the population;
13) organizes the work for protecting the mothers and children, improving the working and life conditions of women, implementing the recreating measures for children and juveniles;
14) coordinates and exercises control over the measures for preventing and reducing the noise at the residential and public premises, in the cities and other residential areas;
15) exercises state control over the recreation of environment, sanitary protection of water reservoirs, soil and air;
16) takes part in decision-making with regard of rendering the status of Resort Area to the territories, determination of boundaries of sanitary protection of the resorts and setting the regime of resort activities;
17) secures development of the zones of rest of workers; determines such zones and exercises control over proper application of resorts;
18) coordinates the activity of the oblast organization of the Red Cross of Georgia.
Article 32. Jurisdiction in the field of physical training and sport.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia:
1) directs the affairs of physical training and sport;
2) secures the development of the network of sporting facilities and premises on the territory of the autonomous oblast; develops the network of gymnasiums for physical training of population; takes measures for strengthening of material-technical basis of physical training and sport;
3) coordinates the holding of sporting events in the oblast;
4) directs activity of voluntary sporting associations.
Article 33.  Jurisdiction in the field of labour, application of labour resources and training of human resources.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) provides registration and regulation of labour resources on the territory of the Autonomous oblast; takes measures for rational application of labour resources and for development of the system of employment;  develops the system of public awareness with regard of demand in labour resources at the enterprises, organizations and institutions; takes measures for lowering the level of fluctuation movement of personnel at the enterprises, organizations and institutions located on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast;
2) exercises control over the observance of labour law, rules of labour protection and accident prevention;
3) takes part in elaboration of labour plans together with the Ministries, State Committees and Agencies;
4) approves the plans of organized staffing, resettlement, employment of school-leavers at the enterprises, organizations and institutions irrespective of their subordination;  
5) takes measure, together with the trade unions and other public organizations for developing of Socialist Emulation on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast;  approves the conditions and summarizes the result of the Socialist Emulation together with the oblast authorities;
6) directs the activity of training and retraining of workers and servants at the enterprises, organizations and institutions under the oblast subordination;  exercises control over the training courses at the enterprises, organizations and institutions under higher subordination;
7) designs the plans of employment for the institutions of education, culture and healthcare of the Autonomous oblast; secures the proper allocation of qualified staff;
8) organizes the works for providing the necessary working and life conditions to the servants working at the institutions of education, culture, healthcare and social protection;  exercises control over proper implementation of plans on providing these servants with housing conditions and privileges established by law;
9) takes measures for applying the scientific methods of work, sharing of progressive experience, increasing the labour effectiveness and strengthening of labour discipline;
10) takes measures for promoting the invention and rationalization activities, application of modern technologies and progressive methods at the enterprises; supports activity of scientific-technical societies.
Article 34.  Jurisdiction in the field of Social Protection
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) directs the affairs of social protection at the enterprises and organizations of social protection under the oblast subordination;
2) exercises control over the works of institutions and agencies dealing with the issues of social protection and located on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast;
3) coordinates the timely and proper assignment and payment of pensions and allowances;  exercises control over observance of legislation on privileges of the citizens;
4) institutes the personal pensions of local significance; files the motions on providing the personal pensions of republican and All-Union significance in pursuance of the rules established by law;
5) forms the oblast Council of Social protection for farmers and exercises control over its activity;
6) coordinates the work for employment of retired and disable citizens, as well as of members of families of military servicemen, perished soldiers and partisans; provides the job places for using the labour of disable and retired citizens;
8) decides the issues relating to the employment of citizens at the institutions of social protection; takes measures for developing the network of agencies dealing with the matters of social protection; provides support for strengthening of material basis and capacity of the institutions working in the field of social protection;
8) directs the works of the organs of forensic-labour medicine;
9) directs and controls the activity of associations of blinds and deaf;  develops the training and manufacturing establishments for these societies.
Article 35.  Jurisdiction in the field of administration of Socialist justice, protection of state and public order, rights of citizens and people’s control.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
1) secures observance of laws of the USSR and the Georgian SSR, other acts issued by the higher organs of state authority and state administration;  secures the maintenance of state and public order, socialist property, rights and legal interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions and organizations;
2) takes measures for improving the legal works; directs this works at the enterprises, institutions and organizations under oblast subordination; organizes the work for legal consultations and interpretation of laws at the enterprises, organizations and institutions;
3) takes measures for preventing the crime;  analysis the crime situation on the territory of the Autonomous oblast;
4) when necessary, revokes the acts issued by the heads of subordinate enterprises and organizations;
5) suspends the acts, which run counter to the legislation and are issued by the heads of enterprise, institutions and organizations on the matters of land-management, water-management, environment protection, construction, housing and communal economy, application of labour resources, production of public goods, protection of historical monuments, and informs the relevant higher organs about such decision;
6) secures the timely and proper consideration of proposals, applications and complaints of citizens;  exercises control over implementation of such works at the Departments and Divisions of the Executive Committee of the oblast, at the enterprises, organizations and institutions located on the territory of the Autonomous Oblast;  receives the elucidative notes on these issues from the heads of aforementioned entities;
7) exercises administrative measures in case of breach of order in pursuance to the procedure established by law;
8) forms the Committee of People’s Control of the Autonomous oblast and changes its composition;  directs the activity of the Committee of people’s Control of the Autonomous oblast; considers the reports on its work;  revokes the decisions of the Committee of People’s Control if they run counter to the relevant legislation;
9) elects the court of the autonomous oblast and changes its composition;  considers the reports on the work of the court of Autonomous oblast;
10) directs the work of State Arbitration and Notary offices;  exercises general administration of the Bar Council; facilitates the organs of Procuracy in their work.
11) directs the work of law-enforcement agencies under its subordination; exercises control over the proper administration of passport regime;
12) directs the work of the organs of registration and the Oblast Archive;
13) coordinates the measures aimed at preventing the natural calamities and for liquidation of results of natural disasters;  when necessary, coordinates the involvement of such works the staff of enterprises, organizations and institutions, and population;
14) coordinates the work of voluntary squads on protection of public order,  amicable courts and other public organs;
15) directs the fire-preventive activities on the territory of the Autonomous oblast; coordinates the work of voluntary fire-brigades;
16) directs the activities for protecting the lives of people at the rivers, lakes and water reservoirs;
17) exercises control over the observance of legislation on religious rites.
Article 36.  Jurisdiction in the field of defence
Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast:
1) secures implementation of the law of the USSR on general military obligation by all individuals and citizens, as well as by enterprises, organizations and institutions;
2) directs the work of military training of civilians on the territory of the Autonomous oblast;
3) exercises control over the observance of legislation on privileges and aids determined for participants of the Great patriotic War, ex-servicemen and reserve forces, as well as the privileges and aids for families of perished soldiers and partisans;
4) takes measures for providing the reserves to the Military Forces of the USSR and for fulfilling the other tasks in the field of defence;
5)  organizes the works for military-patriotic education of the population; develops the patronage links between the working collectives and military units; directs and controls the work of voluntary defence associations.
Article 37. Jurisdiction in organizing the elections
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast:
secures the implementation of necessary measures on the territory of the Autonomous oblast for preparing and holding the elections of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, local Soviets of People’s Deputies, as well as of the District (City)People’s Courts.
Article 38. Jurisdiction in institution of government award
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast considers the recommendations on awarding the citizens with the Orders and Decorations of the USSR, granting the honorific titles of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR and submits the proposals on awarding the citizens.
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, upon authorization of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and on its behalf performs the ceremony of awarding with the Orders of the USSR.
Article 39.  Other jurisdiction of the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast
Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast, in addition to the jurisdiction specified for in this Law, exercises other authorities in pursuance to the legislation of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
III. Organization of the work of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast.
Session of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
Article 40.  Convocation and rule of operation of the Session
The Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast shall convoke the session of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast not less than four times a year.
The session may be convoked at the request of not less than one-third of Deputies of the oblast Soviet.
The first session of newly elected Oblast Soviet shall be convened by the oblast Executive Committee within three weeks after elections and the session shall be inaugurated by the oldest Deputy.  The following session shall be open by the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Soviet.
The Executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet shall inform the Deputies and the public about the time and venue of convocation of the session, as well as of the matters in agenda two weeks prior of the session.
The session of the oblast Soviet is authorized if not less than two-thirds of Deputies are present.
The Oblast Soviet shall elect a Chairman and a Secretary from the Deputies for leading the Sessions.
Article 41. The rules of submitting the issues to be considered at the session
The Executive Committee, Standing Commissions and the Deputies of the oblast Soviet are authorized to submit the issues to be considered at the session.
Proposals to the agenda of the session may be submitted by the public organizations of the Oblast, as well as by the district and city Soviets of the People’s Deputies.
Article 42. The matters decided at the sessions
The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast is authorized to consider any issues under its jurisdiction in conformity to the legislation of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
The following issues shall be under the sole authority of the sessions:
1) recognition of the authority of Deputies; pre-term termination of the authority of Deputies in the events prescribed by law;
2) election of the Oblast Executive Committee and alteration of its composition; formation and election of standing Commissions of the oblast Soviets and alteration of their composition;
3) consideration of reports on the activity of the executive committee and standing commissions;
4) consideration of information submitted by the Deputies on performing the duties of deputies, decisions and instructions of the Soviet and its bodies;
5) forming the divisions and department of the executive committee, appointment and dismissal of the heads of divisions and departments;
6)  forming the Committee of People’s Control of the Autonomous Oblast and alteration of its composition; consideration of reports on the activity of the Committee of the People’s Control of the Autonomous oblast; revoke the decisions of the Committee of the people’s Control of the Autonomous Oblast if they run counter to the legislation;
7) forming the Commissions at the Executive Committee in conformity to the legislation;
8) election of the Oblast Court and alteration of its composition; consideration of the Report on the activity of the Oblast Court;
9) approval of current and prospective plans of economic and social development, as well as the budget of the Autonomous Oblast;
10) approval of reports on execution of current and prospective plans of economic and social development and execution of the budget of the Autonomous oblast;
11) consideration and approval of the Action Plans on implementation of mandates;
12) consideration of questions of Deputies;
13) annulment of decisions and orders of the Executive Committee of the oblast Soviet; annulment of decisions of the lower Soviets if they run counter to the legislation.
Article 43. Decisions made by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast adopts decisions within the scope of its jurisdiction established by the legislation of the USSR and the Georgian SSR; secures the implementation of decisions.  The decisions made by the oblast Soviet are binding to the enterprises, institutions and organizations located on the territory of the Oblast, and to the officials and citizens.
The decisions of the Oblast Soviet shall be adopted on the basis of voting by show by majority of total number of Deputies of the Oblast Soviet; the Decision shall be signed by the Chairman and Secretary of the Executive Committee.
The decisions of the oblast Soviet shall be communicated to the relevant organizations, officials and public within ten days by the executive committee.  Proposals and recommendations envisaged in the Decision addressed to the enterprises, institutions and organizations under higher subordination shall be considered by the heads of the said organizations; the latter shall inform about the results the Soviet or its executive committee within two weeks.
If the Heads of enterprises, institutions and organizations under higher subordination fail to execute the decision made by the Oblast Soviet, the latter is authorized to address to the relevant higher authorities with proposal on imposition of disciplinary sanctions up to removal from the office.  The local Soviet or its executive Committee shall be informed about the results of consideration of its proposal within a month.
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR may revoke the Decision adopted by the Oblast Soviet if it runs counter to the law.
(…)
The Executive Committee of the Soviet of
People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
Article 45.  Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast is the executive and administrative body of the Soviet.
The executive-administrative body of the Soviet of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be the Executive Committee elected by the Soviet from among the deputies composed of: a chairman, first vice-chairman, a secretary and members. The number of members to the executive committee shall be decided by the Oblast Soviet.
The executive committee shall be directly accountable both to the Soviet that elected it to the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
The executive committee shall report on its work at least once a year to the Oblast Soviet that elected it and to meetings of citizens at their places of work or residence.
The sittings of the executive committee of the oblast Soviet shall be convened upon the necessity but not less than once a month.  The sitting of the executive committee shall be deemed authorized if not less than two-thirds of its members are present.
Article 46.  Jurisdiction of the executive committee
The executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall guide the state, economic and social-cultural development of its area on the basis of decisions made by the Soviet that elected it and by the higher executive and administrative bodies.
The Executive Committee shall decided matters within the powers accorded to the Soviet except those that are under the sole jurisdiction of the Session of Soviet.
The Executive Committee:
convokes the session of the Soviet and provides the preparatory works;
organizes the preliminary discussion of draft-decisions of the Soviet on the important issues at the meetings of citizens at their places of work or residence;
coordinates the work of standing commissions of the Soviet;
assists the deputies in exercising their authorities;
elaborates and submits to the Oblast Soviet the current and prospective plans of economic and social development, as well as the budget of the Autonomous Oblast; takes measures for implementation of the plans and budget;  reports the Oblast Soviet on execution of plans and implementation of budget;
coordinates implementation of decisions adopted by the Soviet and higher state bodies, mandate of electors and informs the deputies and population regarding their realization.
Article 47. Performance of guidance of the divisions and departments.  Relation with enterprises, organizations and institutions
The Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall guide and administer the work of divisions and departments of the executive committee, enterprises, institutions and organizations under the oblast subordination;   in the period between convocation of sessions appoints and dismisses the heads of divisions and departments subject to subsequent confirmation at the session (with the consent of relevant higher body of state administration);  appoints to and removes from the office leading officials of divisions and departments of the executive committee, heads of enterprises, institutions and organizations under the Oblast subordination (in conformity to the list approved by the executive committee of the oblast Soviet and upon the consent of the higher body of state administration).
The Executive Committee of the oblast Soviet may consider the matters accorded to the competence of its divisions and departments.
Article 48.  Decisions and ordinances of the Executive Committee
Within its power, the Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall make decisions and issue the ordinances.
Decisions of the Executive Committee of the oblast Soviet shall be adopted by the simple majority of vote casts; it shall be signed by the chairman and the secretary of the Executive Committee.  The ordinances of the Executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet shall be signed by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee.
The Executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet is authorized to revoke decisions and ordinances issued by the executive committees of lower Soviets of People’s Deputies.
The Oblast Soviet and the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR are authorized to revoke the decisions and ordinances issued by the executive committee of the Oblast Soviet.
Article 49.  Term of authority of the Executive committee
After expiration of the term of authority of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, its executive committee shall retain the authority until the newly elected Oblast Soviet has elected the executive committee.
Article 50.  Structure and the staff of the Executive Committee
The Structure and the staff of the Executive Committee of the people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, its divisions and departments shall be determined on the basis of norms adopted by the Georgian SSR for staffing of the given executive committee.  The number of employees shall be determined within the scope of salary fund on the basis of average wage of officials and in conformity to the salary-scheme for state officials.
(…)
Divisions and departments of the Executive Committee of the
Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Article 62.  Forming of divisions and departments
Divisions and departments of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall be formed by the Oblast Soviet and they are subordinate to the Soviet and its executive committee, as well as to the higher body of state administration.
Divisions and departments of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies shall report to the Soviet, its executive committee, relevant ministry and state committee of the Georgian SSR, as well as to the meetings of citizens at their places of work or residence.
The list of divisions and departments and the procedure for their forming shall be established by the law of the USSR and of the Georgian SSR.
Divisions and departments of the Executive Committee shall be financed from the budget or run on a self-supporting.
The Statute of divisions and departments of the executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet shall be approved by the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR.
Article 63.  Competence of the divisions and departments and principles of their activity
The divisions and departments of the executive Committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast shall guide the branches of state, economic and social-cultural development on the territory of the autonomous oblast within the power accorded them.
… the collegiums may be formed at the divisions and departments.  The composition of collegiums shall be approved by the executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet.  The decisions of collegiums, as a rule, shall be implemented under the Order issued by the divisions and departments.
Within the scope of his competence, the head of division or department of the Executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet issues the Orders on the basis and for execution of the decisions and ordinances of the Executive Committee, as well as of higher organs of state authority and state administration.
Chapter III
Other state bodies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast
Article 64. The Court of the Autonomous oblast
On the basis of Article 164 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall elect the Court of the Autonomous Oblast.
Article 65. Judicial proceedings in the Autonomous oblast
In accordance with Article 171 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR,  judicial proceedings in the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be conducted in the language of autonomous oblast or in Georgian, or in the language of majority of the local population of given locality. Persons participating in the court proceeding, who do not know the language in which they are being conducted, shall be secured the right to become fully acquainted with the materials in the case through the interpreter, and the rights to address the court in their own language.
Article 66.  Procurator of the Autonomous Oblast
In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitutions of the Georgian SSR, the procurator of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be appointed by the Procurator General of the USSR.
Chapter IV
Concluding Provisions
Article 67. Adoption of and changes to the Law on the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia
In accordance of the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, the Law on the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR upon submission by the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.  The changes and amendments to this Law may be introduced by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR upon proposal of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Article 68. Application of the authority of a legal person
The Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall have the status of a legal person.
The Executive Committee of the Oblast shall have the official seal on sample approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
Article 69. The rules of hoisting the State Flag on the premises where the sessions of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast are held and on the Office-Building of the Executive Committee of the Oblast Soviet
In accordance with the Regulations on the State Flag of the Georgian SSR, the state flag of the Georgian SSR shall be hosting during the session period on the building, in which the session of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast is held, and on the Office of the Executive Committee of the oblast Soviet – permanently.
The raising of state flag on the building of the Executive Committee, as well as of the state flag of the USSR and the state flag of the Georgian SSR on the state and public offices, enterprises, organizations and institutions shall be carried out in pursuance of the rules established by the Regulations on the state flag of the USSR and the State flag of the Georgian SSR.
12 November 1980
(The Law of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.  Tskhinvali, 1981, p. 3-67/in Georgia)


1982
REGULATIONS on the rules of setting the issues related to the Administrative-territorial
arrangement of the Georgian SSR
(approved under the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR on 17 March 1982)
I.  Creation and abolishment of District, city-district, and
village Soviets and determination and alteration of their boundaries
1. The districts of republican (Georgian SSR) subordination shall be created and abolished by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia upon recommendation by the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR subject to consequent approval by the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
2. The districts and city-districts of republican (Georgian SSR) subordination in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be created and abolished by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Georgia upon recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Republic and of the motion of the executive committees of City Soviets (republican subordination).
3. The districts and city-districts in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR shall be created and abolished by the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the respective Autonomous Republic upon recommendation of the relevant Council of Ministers subject of consequent approval by the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
4. The creation and abolishment of village Soviets, determination of village administrative centers and their replacement, as well as determination of their boundaries (except of Abkhaz ASSR, Adjarian ASSR and the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast) shall be decided by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR upon recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR and the relevant executive committee of city (with district division) Soviets.
5. In the Abkhaz ASSR, the Adjarian ASSR and in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, the changes to the administrative-territorial division specified for in Article 4 shall be carried out by the respective Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic and Executive Committee of People’s Soviet of the Autonomous Oblast upon recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic and the Executive Committee of the People’s Soviet of the Autonomous oblast accordingly.  Such decisions are subject o consequent approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
8. The city category, as well as the boundaries of towns (under subordination of Autonomous Republic) in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR shall be decided by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR respectively upon recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the relevant Autonomous Republic subject to consequent approval of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
9. Determination of categories of towns, creation and abolishment of rural settlements in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be vested in the executive committee of the Soviet of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast upon recommendation of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of people’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblast subject to consequent approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
11. The status of Republican (Autonomous Republic) and Oblast subordination may be rendered to the cities that represent the economic and cultural centers with the developed industry, communal services, significant housing fund and having more than 30 000 inhabitants, and for the purpose of their economic and social development it is found reasonable to be guided by the Republican (Autonomous SSR) and oblast authorities.
In certain cases the Republican (Autonomous SSR) and oblast subordination may granted to the cities where the number of population is under 30 000 but they represent the economic and cultural centers and have the real prospective of increase in a number of inhabitants.
(…)
15. In the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the respective Autonomous Oblast shall have the right to name and rename the districts and cities, city-districts and rural settlements, and giving them the names of eminent state and public men upon recommendation of the corresponding executive committee of District and city (under subordination of the Autonomous Republic) soviets subject to consequent approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR; and the names of rural settlements and of the villages shall be approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR respectively.
18. Renaming of the settlements that have the post and telegraph offices and railway stations shall be carried out under preliminary informing the Ministry of Communication and the Ministry of Roads of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR, the Central Executive Committee of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast, and the executive committees of district and city Soviets (of the republican subordination /Georgian SSR/), before submitting the recommendations on renaming the residential areas having the railway stations and post and telegraph, shall agree such renaming with the Ministry of Communications and the Department of Trans-Caucasus Railway of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
22. Naming or renaming of the Collective Farms and other cooperative organizations in the districts under republican subordination (Georgian SSR), and giving the names of eminent state-men shall be carried out by the Council of ministers of the Georgian SSR, in the Autonomous Republics – by the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic, and in the Autonomous oblast by the executive committee upon the recommendation of the meetings of working collectives.
(…)
27. The administrative-territorial entities and residential areas shall be registered by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR.
(…)
30. The Orders of the Supreme Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Adjarian ASSR, the Decisions of the Executive Committee of the People’s Soviet of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast with regard of the issues relating to Articles 3,5,8,9,15 and 28 of this Regulation shall come into force after they have been published in the “Messenger of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR”.
17 March 1982
(The Book of Law of the Georgian SSR. vol. I, p. 101-107)


DECREE OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME SOVIET OF THE GEORGIAN SSR on
introduction the changes on the issues of agriculture management to the laws “on Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia” and “On District Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR”
…the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR decrees:
1. The Soviet of people’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast and the District Soviets of People’s Deputies shall have the right to establish the oblast and district councils of agrarian-industrial amalgamate.
2.  The councils of agrarian-industrial amalgamates shall be established at the sessions of the Soviets of People’s Deputies upon recommendation of the respective executive committees or the higher bodies of state administration.
3. With regard of Article 1 and Article 2 of this Decree the changes and additions shall be introduced to the following legal acts of the Georgian SSR:
1) to the law of the Georgian SSR of 12 November 1980 “On the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia”…
Section 1 of Article 22, as amended, now reads:
‘1) Directs the Agriculture and other branches of agriculture complex, takes measures for strengthening of its material-technical basis, for increase of production and improvement of the quality, for improving the housing and cultural conditions of the residents of rural settlements’;
Article 22, as added section 11 and 12 now reads:
‘11) creates the oblast council of agrarian-industry amalgamates and changes their composition;
‘12) considers the major indicators of the development plans of enterprises and organizations included in the amalgamates’;
Article 42, as added section 51 now reads:
51) establishment of the Oblast Council of agrarian-industrial amalgamate and changing of its composition.
(…)
The Chairman of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR P. Gilashvili.
Secretary of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR T. Lashkarashvili.
23 June 1982
(Messengers of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR, N 6, 1982, p. 9-10)


1988
LAW OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS on changes and additions to
the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics    
… The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics decrees:
1) To introduce to the Constitution of the USSR the following changes and amendments:
Chapter 12. The system of the Soviets of People’s Deputies and the principles of their operation
Article 89.  The Soviets of People’s Deputies, i.e. the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Congresses of the People’s Deputies of the Union and Autonomous Republics, the Soviets of People’s Deputies of Regions, Territories and autonomous oblasts, and the Soviets of People’s Deputies of districts, cities, city districts, settlements and villages shall constitute a single system of bodies of state authority.
Article 101. …
The procedure for holding the elections to Soviets of people’s Deputies shall be defined by the laws of the USSR, and of Union and Autonomous Republics.
3. Chapter 15, as amended, now reads:
Chapter 15. The Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Article 108.  The highest body of the state authority of the USSR shall be the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR.
The Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR is empowered to deal with all matters within the jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.    The following matters shall be under the sole authority of the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR:
2) taking decision on the national-state matters under jurisdiction of the USSR;
(…)
Article 109.  The Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR consists of 2250 deputies elected in accordance with the following rules:
750 deputies – from the territorial electoral districts with the equal number of electors;
750 deputies – from the national-territorial electoral districts on the basis of following norms: 32 deputies from each Union Republic, 11 deputies from each Autonomous Republic, 5 deputies from each Autonomous oblast and one Deputy from each Autonomous Okrug.
750 deputies – from all-Union public organizations in pursuance of rules established by law on Election of People’s Deputies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Article 111. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR shall consist of two chambers: the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities having equal numbers of deputies. The two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR shall have equal rights.
The Chambers shall be elected at the Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR on the basis of general voting.  The Soviet of the Union shall be elected from the territorial electoral districts with respect of number of People’s Deputies of the USSR and People’s Deputies from the public organizations, as well as of the number of electors.  The Soviet of nationalities shall be elected on the basis of the following representation: 11 deputies from each Union Republic, 4 deputies from each Autonomous Republic, 2 deputies from each Autonomous oblast and 1 deputy from each autonomous Okrug.
4. Article 152, 153 and 155 of Chapter 20, Courts and Arbitration, as amended, now reads:
Article 152.    The judges of the Supreme Court of the USSR, the Supreme Courts of the Union and Autonomous Republics, the courts of the Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs shall be elected by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics and the Soviets of people’s Deputies of the Autonomous oblasts and Autonomous Okrugs accordingly.
13. Article 143, as amended, now reads:
Article 143. The Supreme body of the state authority in the Autonomous Republic shall be the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Republic.
14. Article 144 (e), as amended, now reads:
The highest body of the legislative, administrative and controlling state authority in the Autonomous Republic shall be the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic. The Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic shall be accountable to the Congress of People’s Deputies of the Autonomous Republic.
The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic is accountable to the Congress of People’s Deputies and to the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
The Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic shall be responsible and accountable to the Congress of People’s Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic.
15. Article 149 and Article 150, as amended, now reads:
Article 149.  The works of the Soviets of People’s Deputies of Territories, Regions, Autonomous Oblasts, districts, cities and city-districts shall be organized by the their Presidiums led by the chairmen, and of the Soviets of city (under district subordination), village and  rural settlements – by the chairmen of these Soviets.
Article 150. The executive committees shall be the executive and administrative organs of the local Soviets of people’s deputies, elected by the respective Soviets…
(…)
The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. Gorbachev
The Secretary of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. Menteshashvili
1 December 1988
(Messengers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988, N 49, p. 5-21/in Russian)







































List of Document (content)


1917
1.     Constitution adopted at the First Congress of the Union of North     Caucasus Mountain People and Daghestan, 7 May 1917.

2.     Union Treaty of the South-East union of Cossack’s Troops, the Caucasus     Mountain Peoples and of the Free Steppe Peoples, 20 October 1917.

3.     Extract from the Special Gazette of the Trans-Caucasus Committee     Sitting, 30 October 1917.

4.    Constitution of the Abkhaz People’s Council of, 8 November 1917.

5.     Declaration adopted by the Abkhaz people’s Congress, 8 November 1917.

6.     Declaration on setting the joint Government of the South-East Union of the     Cossack’s Troops, Mountain people of the Caucasus and the Free Steppe Peoples, 16 November 1917.

7.     Decree issued by the provisional government of the Union of the     Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, 4 December 1917.

8.     Resolution adopted by the Trans-Caucasus Commissariat, 7 December 1917.

9.         From the Decree issued by the provisional government of the Union     of the Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, 11 December 1917.


1918
10.     Extract from the Minutes of the sitting of the Executive     Committee of the national Council of Georgia, 9 February 1918.

11.     Extract from the Gazette of the Executive Committee of the     National Council of Georgia, 9 February 1918.

12.     Agreement between the national Council of Georgian and the Abkhaz     people’s Council, 9 February 1918.

13.     Declaration of independence of the Republic of the Mountain Peoples of the     South Caucasus and of Dagestan (Gorskaia Respublika), 11 May 1918 .

14.     Act of Independence of Georgia, 26 May 1918.

15.     Exstract from the Resolution adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council on negotiations     on relations with the Democratic Republic of Georgia, 2 June 1918.

16.     Decree issued by the  Abkhaz People’s Council on participation of its     representatives in Liquidating Commission working on dissolution     of the Trans-Caucasus Seima, 2 June 1918.

17.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sitting of the Government of             Democratic Republic of Georgia, 6 June 1918 .

18.       Extract from the Gazette of the sitting of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 8 June 1918.

19.       Agreement between the Government of the Democratic Republic     of Georgia and the Abkhaz People’s Council, 8 June 1918.

20.     Agreement between Government of the Democratic Republic     of Georgia and the Abkhaz People’s Council, 11 June 1918.

21.     Extract from Gazette of the sitting of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 13 June 1918

22.     Decree issued by the Abkhaz People’s Council on      necessity to occupy Sochi and Tuapse Okrug, 24 June 1918.

23.     Law on abolishment of the Gubernia Councils of Peasants     and the institution of the Peace Mediators, 9 July 1918.

24.       Extract from the Minutes of the session of the  Abkhaz People’s     Council on necessity of the presence of Georgian troops in Abkhazia     and confidence to its Headquarters, 17 July 1918.

25.       Extract from the Minutes N 58 of the session of the  Abkhaz People’s     Council on Relations between Georgia and Abkhazia, 25 July 1918.

26.     Extract from the Minutes of the session of the Abkhaz People’s Council, 28 July 1918.

27.     Law on administrative positions at Gubernia, City and County Levels, 2 August 1918.

28.     Decision adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council on     nationalization of the state organizations, 3 August 1918.

29.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 3 August  1918.

30.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 6 August  1918.

31.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 6 August  1918.

32.     Regulations on Military Obligations in the Republic of Georgia     and Recruitment in the Regular Army, 20 August 1918.
33.     Law on Customs offices, 30 August 1918.

34.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 3 September 1918.

35.     Law on Representation of the National Minorities at the National     Council of Georgia, 13 September 1918.

36.     Law on Nationalization of the Teaching Institute and the     Seminaries, 13 September 191.

37.     Regulations on the Interim Special Courts of the Republic, 20 September 1918.

38.     Law on the institution of the Mediating Judges, 24 September 1918.

39.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 25 September 1918.

40.     Law on the State Language of Georgia, 1 October 1918.

41.    Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government     of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, 10 October 1918.

42.     Addition to the Regulations of the Parliament of Georgia on the rules     of language application, 15 October 1918.

43.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 17 October 1918.

44.     Extract from the Minutes of the session of the People’s Council     of Abkhazia, 20 October 1918.

45.       Law on arranging the state treasury, 12 November 1918.

46.     Regulations on Elections of the Constituent Assembly, 22 November 1918.

47.     Law on Tax-Collection, 26 November 1918.

48.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Republic of Georgia, 28 November 1918.

49.     Resolution of the Congress of Sochi Okrug Farmers, 1 December 1918.

50.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Republic of Georgia, 17 December 1918.

51.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Republic of Georgia, 17 December 1918.

52.     Regulations on elections of Public Representatives at the     City Councils, 17 December 1918.

53.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 25 December 1918.

54.     Regulations on the elections of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, 27 December 1918.


1919
55.     Law on application of the language at the self-governance agencies, 14 January 1919.

56.     Regulations of the Grand-Jury Court, 17 January 1919.

57.     Law on declaring the former lots, state owned and other lands as private property,     28 January 1919.

58.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sitting of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 8 February 1919.

59.     Extract from the Minutes of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, 12 February 1919.

60.     Extract from the Minutes of the Sitting of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 1 March 1919 .

61.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sessions of the Government     of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, 13 March 1919.

62.     Extract from the session of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, 20 March 1919.

63.     Act on the Autonomy of Abkhazia, 20 March 1919.

64.     Resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly of the     Republic of Georgia, 21 March 1919.

65.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sitting of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 29 March 1919.

66.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sitting of the Government of the Democratic     Republic of Georgia, 12 April 1919.

67.     Statement of the  Abkhaz People’s Council on Memorandum     of the Volunteer Army to the English Headquarters, 15 April 1919.

68.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sessions of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 29 April 1919.

69.     Law on certain measures for strengthening the state revenues, 27 May 1919.

70.     Law on Seizure and temporary holding of Real Estate and     on its utilization for the state and public needs, 11 July 1919.

71.     Report  of the Session of the Peoples Council of Abkhazia, 21 July 1919.

72.     Draft by the Commissariat of Abkhazia; Constitution of the     Autonomous Abkhazia, 21 July 1919.

73.     Law on Military Obligation and Recruitment to the Military Forces, 29 July 1919.

74.    Decree issued by the Commissariat of Abkhazia on management     of the Orthodox Church, 5 September 1919.

75.     Minutes of the Sitting of the Commissariat of Abkhazia, 5 September 1919.

76.     Extract from the Gazette of sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 18 September 1919.

77.     Extract from the Gazette of sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 4 October 1919.

78.     Extract from the Gazette of sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 14 October 1919.

79.     Extract from the Gazette of sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 4 November 1919.

80.     Extract from the Minutes of the sitting of the  Abkhaz People’s     Council – discussion with regard of introducing Georgian language at schools, 18 November 1919.

81.     Extract from the Minutes of the sitting of the People’s Council     of Abkhazia, 28 November 1919.

82.     Decree on assigning 200 000 rubles as the scholarship for Muslim     pupils of Georgia, as well as for the pupils of Abkhazia, Svaneti     and other remote regions of Georgia, 13 December 1919.

83.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 20 December 1919.

84.     Interim Regulations on Agrarian Reforms and the state-land     management in Abkhazia, 20 December 1919.

85.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Government of the     Democratic Republic of Georgia, 23 December 1919.

86.     Decree on assigning three million roubles to the People’s Council     of Abkhazia, 31 December 1919.


1920
87.     Resolution of the Abkhaz  People’s Council on the situation in Batumi and     Batumi Oblast adopted by the People’s Council of Abkhazia, 19 march 1920.

88.     Decree on assigning one million roubles every month for the needs     of the Commissariat of Abkhazia, 6 April 1920.

89.     Treaty between Georgia and Russia, 7 May 1920.

90.     Resolution adopted by the People’s Council of  Abkhazia  on recognition     of the independence of Georgia by Russia, 18 May 1920.

91.     Mandate, 21 May 1919.

92.     Extract from the Gazette of the Sittings of the Presidium of the     Constituent Assembly, 23 June 1920

93.     Draft-Agreement of the Parity Commission on the major     provisions for the management of Abkhazia, 7 July 1920

94.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Presidium of the     Constituent Assembly, 26 July 1920.

95.     Decree on assigning the loan of 4 000 000 roubles to Sukhumi city     governance, 10 August 1920.

96.     Extract from the Gazette of sittings of the Presidium of the Constituent     Assembly, 10 August 1920

97.     Draft-Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia, 16 October 1920.

98.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Presidium of the     Constituent Assembly, 6 November 1920.

99.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Presidium of the     Constituent Assembly, 6 December 1920.

100.     Extract from the Gazette of the sittings of the Presidium  of the Constituent      Assembly, 31 December 1920.

101.     Regulations on Autonomous management of Abkhazia, 31 December 1920.


1921
102.     Constitution of Georgia, 21 February 1921.

103.     Decree issued by the Revolutionary Committee on taking the     whole power, 26 February 1921.

104.     Protocol of Batumi Meetings on the issues of Soviet Power     and Communist Party Structures in Abkhazia, 28 March 1921.

105.     Decree issued by the Revolutionary Committee of the     Georgian SSR on arranging the Power, 21 April 1921

106.     Declaration of the Revolutionary Committee of the Soviet     Socialist Republic of Georgia on Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, 21 may 1921.

107.     Resolution adopted by the First Congress of the Workers of Abkhazia     on the report of the Chairman of the Revcom of Abkhazia N. Lakoba     on the National Issue in Abkhazia, 28 May 1921.

108.     Resolution of the First Congress of the Workers of Abkhazia     on the Report of Revcom Chairman E. Eshba on Building of Soviet Society, 28 May 1921

109.     Extract from the Resolution adopted by the Plenum of the     RKB CK of the Caucasus Bureau on the Political Situation of the Trans-Caucasus Republics, 2-3 July 1921.

110.     Regulations of the Public Court of the Georgian SSR, 30 July 1921.

111.     Extract from the Resolution on Independence of the Abkhazian SSR    adopted by the joint session of the RKP (B) Orgbureau, Revcom and of the State Officials, 15 October 1921

112.     Decree on the Relations between Abkhazia and Georgia adopted by the     Presidium of the RKP(B) of the Caucasus Bureau, 16 November 1921.

113.     Minutes of the Session of the presidium of the Central Committee of the     Communist Party of Georgia, 17 November 1921.

114.     Decree on subordination of the Maritime transport management to the     Revcom of Georgia and the unification of the maritime transport of the     Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz SSR, 18 November 1921.

115.     Resolution on the Relations between the RKP(B) Orgbureau     of Abkhazia and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia, 24 November 1921.

116.     Minutes of the sitting of the Presidium of the Central Committee     of the Communist Party of Georgia, 12 December 1921.

117.     Union Treaty between the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia     and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, 16 December 1921.
 

1922
118.     Resolution on Inter-relation of the state agencies adopted by the     Revolutionary Committee of the Georgian SSR, 10 January 1922.

119.     Minutes of the Session of the Presidium of the Central Committee     of the Communist Party of Georgia, 15 January 1922.

120.     Resolution of the first Congress of the Soviets of Abkhazia on              the Federation of the Soviet Republics of the Trans-Caucasus              and on Federation the Abkhaz SSR with the Georgian SSR, 17 February 1922.

121.     Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 2 March 1922.

122.     Union Treaty of the Soviet Socialist Republics of the Trans-Caucasus, 12 March 1922.

123.     Decree on Arrangement of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast     issued by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia     and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, 20 April 1922.

124.     Regulation for the State Navigation of Georgia adopted by the Council     of Public Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 20 September 1922.

125    . Resolution on Introducing the Criminal Code of the Soviet Socialist     Republic of Georgia adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR, 9 November 1922.

126.     Resolution on Introducing the Prosecutor’s Office adopted by the     Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia, 11 November 1922.

127.     Regulations of the Prosecutor’s Office elaborated by the     Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia, 11 November 1922.

128.     From the exstract Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus, 13 December 1922.

129.     Extract from the Treaty on establishing the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, 30 December 1922.

1923
130.     Regulation of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, 12 November 1923.


1924
131.     Basic law (Constitution) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, 31 January 1924.

132.     Decree on the application of the State Language and the languages     of majority and minority populations at the state institutions. 4 April 1924.

133.     Decree on the introduction of the Civil Justice Code of the Soviet     Socialist Republic of Georgia issued by the Central Executive     Committee of the Georgian SSR, 11 April 1924.

134.     Decree on certain changes and amendments to the Regulations on Court     Arrangement in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 19 April 1924.

135.     Decree issued by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia      On reorganizations of the District Court of the South Ossetian Autonomous     Oblast and of the Supreme Court of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, 12 December 1924.
    

1925
136.     Regulations of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Georgian     Soviets, 12 January 1925.

137.     Regulations of the Council of Public Commissars of the Soviet Socialist     Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

138.     General Regulations of the Public Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist     Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

139.     Regulations of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs of the Soviet     Socialist Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

140.     Regulations of the Public Commissariat of the Education of the     Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

141.     Regulations of the Public Commissariats of Labour Affairs of the     Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

142.     Regulations of the Supreme Council of the Public Economy of the     Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 12 January 1925.

143.     Minutes of the Fifth Congress of the Soviet of Workers’ and Peasants’     Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, 31 March 1931.

144.     Constitution  of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, 1 April 1925.

145.     Resolution on Unification of North and South Ossetia adopted at the     second session of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet     Georgia of the Third Convocation, 15 July 1925.

146.     Extract  from the minutes of the Central Executive Committee of the     Trans-Caucasus, 7 August 1925.

147.     Decree on changes and amendments to the Regulations on Arraigning the Courts     issued by the Central Executive Committee of Georgia, 30 October 1925.

148.     Extract from the Minutes N29 of the Sitting of Central Executive     Committee of the USSR, 27 November 1925.

149.     Extract from the Minutes N 21 of the session of the Trans-Caucasus     Central Executive Committee, 14 December 1925.
1926
150.     Extract from the Minutes of the sitting of the Presidium of CEC     of the USSR, 19 February 1926.

151.     Extract from the Minutes N 5 of the sitting of the Presidium of CEC     of the Trans-Caucasus, 30 March 1926.

152.     Resolution on adoption and application of the Constitution of the             Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia adopted at the Third Session of the             Georgian Soviets of the Third Convocation, 5 July 1926.

153.     Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 5 July 1926.

154.     Basic Law (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, 27 October 1926.

155.     Instruction on elections of the Workers, Peasants and Red Army deputies     and on convocation of the Congresses of  Soviets, 22 December 1926.


1927
156.     Extract from the Minutes of the sitting of the Small Presidium if the     CEC of the Trans-Caucasus, 13 January 1927.

157.     Decree on the City Councils of the Georgian SSR issued by     the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR, 25 January 1927.

158.     Minutes of the Seventh Congress of the Workers, Peasants and     Red Army Deputies of South Ossetia, 12-16 March 1927.

159.     Minutes of the Sitting of the Presidium of CEC of the Trans-Caucasus, 1 June 1927.

160.     Extract from the Minutes N 21 of the sitting of Small Presidium     of the Trans-Caucasus CEC, 15 September 1927.


1928
161.     Resolution on approval of the Regulations of the City Soviets of Workers,     Peasants and Red Army Deputies  (adopted at the Third Session of the     Fourth Convocation of the CEC of Georgia), 29 January 1928.

162.    Regulations of the City Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army     Deputies, 29 January 1928.

163.     Minutes of the Session of the Trans-Caucasus CEC, 6 February 1928.

164.     Minutes of the Sitting of the CEC Presidium of the Georgian Soviet     Socialist Republic, 10 February 1928.

165.     Instruction for the activity of the Council of Public Commissars and the     Economic Council of the Georgian SSR, 10 April 1928.

166.     Extract from the minutes of the Sitting of the Small Presidium     of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia, 25 July 1928.

167.     Regulations of the Central Statistics Department of the Soviet     Socialist Republic of Georgia, 31 October 1928.


1929
168.     Regulations the Local Statistics Agencies, 30 January 1929.

169.     Regulations on the Extraordinary Measures for Maintaining the     Revolutionary Order in the Georgian SSR, 27 October 1929.


1930
170.     Decree on Changes and amendments to the Regulations of the     Procurator’s Office (Procuracy) of the Georgian SSR, 22 August 1930.

171.     Instruction on the Elections of the Councils of the Workers, Peasants and Red     Army Men Deputies and of the Congresses of Soviets, 9 November 1930.


1931
172.  Resolution of the VI Congress of the Soviets of Abkhazia on the changes             to the Constitution, 11 February 1931.

173.     Resolution of VI Congress of Councils of Workers, Peasants and Red     Army  Deputies of the Georgian SSR “on joining of the Soviet Socialist Republic     of Abkhazia the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia as the autonomous republic”, 19 February 1931.

174.     Resolution adopted at the VI Congress of the Councils of the Workers, Peasants     and Read Army Deputies of Georgia on amendments to the Basic Law     (Constitution) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 19 February 1931.

175.     Resolution of the Sixth Congress of the USSR, 17 March 1931.

176.     Regulations on the Fiscal Authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist     Republic and Oblasts of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, 12 September 1931.


1932
177.  Resolution  on changing, amendment and addition to the Regulations     of the Central Executive Committee, 17 June 1932.

178.  Regulations the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR, 17 June 1932.

179.  General Regulations of the Public Commissariats of the Georgian SSR, 17 June 1932.

1933
180.  Regulations on the Procurator’s Office of the USSR, 17 December 1933


1935
181.  Basic Law (Constitution) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic     of Abkhazia, 7 January 1935.

182.  Rezolution of the seventh All-Georgian Congress on changes to the Constitution of the Georgian SSR, 13 January 1935.



1936
183.  Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 5 December 1936.


1937
184.  Constitution (Basic Law) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia,     13 February 1937.

185.     Constitution (Basic Law) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist     Republic of Abkhazia, 2 August 1937.



1961
186. Law on budgetary rights of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia,     Autonomous Republics and of the local Soviets of People’s Deputie of the Georgian SSR, 27 December 1961.


1971
187.     Law of Georgia on District Soviets of People‘s Deputies of the     Georgian SSR, 9 December 1971.

188.     Law of the Georgian SSR on City and the City-District Soviets     of Peoples Deputies of the Georgian SSR, 9 December 1971.


1977
189.  Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 7 October 1977.

1978
190.     Constitution (Basic Law) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, 15 April 1978.

191.     Constitution (Basic Law) of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist     Republic of Abkhazia, 6 June 1978.

192.     Law of the Georgian SSR on the Council of Ministers of the     Georgian SSR, 21 December 1978.

    
1979
193.     Law of the Georgian SSR on Election of the Supreme Soviet of the     Georgian SSR, 15 June 1979.

194.     Law of the Georgian SSR on Elections of Local Soviets of People’s     Deputies of the Georgian SSR, 15 June 1979.


1980
195.     Law of Georgia on the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia, 12 November 1980.


1982
196.     Regulations (statute) on the rules of setting the issues related to the     Administrative-territorial arrangement of the Georgian SSR, 17 March 1982

197.    Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR     on introduction the changes on the issues of agriculture management to     the laws “on Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia” and “On District     Soviets of People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR”, 23 June1982.


1988
198.     Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on changes and     additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1 December 1988.




    REGIONALISM RESEARCH CENTER











STATUS OF AUTONOMOUS REGIONS OF ABKHAZIA
AND SOUTH OSSETIA WITHIN GEORGIA (1917-1988).
COLLECTION OF POLITICAL-LEGAL ACTS





Author and Chief-editor  
Tamaz Diasamidze
 

Translator and Editor
Nana Japaridze-Chkoidze



    





Tbilisi
2005





We would like to express our gratitude to the Delegation of the European Commission in Georgia and Armenia for funding the preparation and publishing of the Collection



We acknowledge assistance of collaborators of the Georgian Central State Archive of History, Central State Latest History and Presidential Archives, National Library of Georgia rendered in preparing this Collection



Collection was prepared, collected, bound and published by
“Regionalism Research Center”


Computer work provider Ruslan Surmanidze


Jacket  designer Malkhaz Varshanidze

     
Book-jacket is designed after the book “Historic Atlas of Georgia
in 1920-1921 Tbilisi, 2003” and Website  www.c-r.org /accord


Website - http://www.rrc.ge
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Collection should be indicated while using materials


© All rights reserved

Printed in Georgia
September 2005
Publishing House “GCI Ltd”


ISBN 99940-831-2-0


On the collection “Status of Autonomous Regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia within Georgian State (1917-1988). Collection of political and legal acts”, in Georgian and Russian, (Author and chief-editor Tamaz Diasamidze). Tbilisi, 2004
This collection is not Mr. Diasamidze’s first publication. His collections “Regional Conflicts in Georgia - the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. Collection of political and legal acts”, in Georgian, Russian and English languages, covers the period 1989- 2005, proved to be extremely helpful for the Georgian society and special tribute should be made of the fact that its English version helped a great deal to those foreign experts and scientists, who are keenly interested in these issues.
The same could be said about this collection. Documents provided in this selection in Georgian and Russian languages manifestly indicate to the fact that the aforementioned regions enjoyed high democratic status during the Soviet regime and eliminate all allegations as if Abkhazia and former Autonomous District of South Ossetia had been subjected to discrimination. Documents related to the status of Abkhazia in 1917-1921, that is the period before and after the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, are of special value. These documents clearly demonstrate the process of return of Abkhazia into Georgian statehood was carried out in full compliance with the principles of democracy and indicate to its maximum possible essence, was reached based on the mutual agreement.
Special attention should be paid to those documents, which demonstrate the treacherous designs of Moscow - through the creation of autonomous entities of Abkhazia and Tskinvali region and granting them autonomous status, which would always had served as an instrument at Moscow’s disposal for undermining country from inside - initially granting Abkhazia “independence”, and thereafter declaring it as a “Treaty Republic” (1921-1932).
Moreover, after having acquainted with this documents, it becomes crystal clear how difficult and complex was the situation in which leadership of the Soviet Georgia would find itself, since they were fully aware of the true designs of Moscow – “to plant mines” under territorial integrity of the country and turn Georgia into “obedient servant” for the maximum possible length of time.
And the aforementioned circumstances, even back since the period of «National Deviators” would force the Georgian communists to “mollify” the rigid imperial policy of Moscow, but in vain.
In short, this collection vividly demonstrates that by 1988, the status of both, the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous District of South Ossetia was of the highest democratic quality and there had been no reasonable ground for either so called “Georgian-Abkhaz” or “Georgian-Ossetian” conflicts.
Translation of this collection into English is a matter of vital importance, since the UN, OSCE, the Council of Europe, the European Union, many international NGOs are engaged in the process of settlement of the aforementioned conflicts and they should be provided with documentary materials covering that period, which would make it easy for all those stakeholders in the peace process to better comprehend the ongoing developments.
Let me repeat myself, I deem it essential and helpful to make this collection available in English.
                                                       Academician Levan Aleksidze
       



Background information

The collection is a continuation of previous editions within the frame of research of regional conflicts in Georgia:1. “Regional conflicts in Georgia – the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia (1989-2001). Political-legal Acts”, in Georgian and Russian. Tb. 2002; 2. “Regional conflicts in Georgia – the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia (1989-2002). Political-legal Acts”, in English. Tb. 2003; 3. The second supplemented edition under the same title in two volumes, in Georgian and Russian languages, covers the period until 2005; 4. Status of autonomous regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia within Georgia (1917-1988). Collection of political-legal acts, in Georgian and Russian. Tb. 2005. These editions, as well as the contained documents in three languages, can be found at our website-http://www.rrc.ge.  
The collection, electronic version of which is already available in Internet, consists of 198 major political-legal documents with regard of Abkhazia and South Ossetia adopted in 1917-1988, namely: 1. the Statutes and Constitutions of the Autonomous Regions; 2. interstate, state and republican agreements with regard of status of the autonomous regions; 3. the acts adopted by the organs of state authority of the autonomous regions, Georgia, North Caucasus Unions, Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and of the USSR with regard of alteration of the status of these regions; 4. the Constitutions and laws of Georgia and of the USSR concerning the evolution of the status of autonomous regions; 5. other important documents.  
Many of the documents are given in a condensed version, but the positions (chapters, articles, paragraphs) reflecting the purpose of the collection and the spirit of documents are selected very carefully.
The collection has no claim to perfection but likewise of other works on the problems of conflicts, it is designed for the stakeholders and may serve as a guide for better orientation in the conflict environment.  The collection has the following objectives: to provide the readers with political-legal information of pre-conflict period in Georgia; to document the political-legal relations that later become the breeding source of political decentralization, opposition and military confrontation in these two regions.  This collection, together with the previous two editions is an attempt to realize the problem as one whole, in depth, and give a comprehensive assistance to the sides involved in the conflict, as well as other interested groups in making proper decisions on the way of the just settlement of the problem.
Tamaz Diasamidze











1917
CONSTITUTION ADOPTED AT THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE UNION OF NORTH  CAU­-
CASUS MOUNTAIN PEOPLES AND DAGHESTAN
May 7, 1917
Art. 1.  The Union of the Mountain Peoples unites all of the mountainous tribes, as well as of Nogaits and Turkmen of Stavropol Gubernia (Province); the Union is a member of the Uni­on of the Caucasus Moslems and has the aim to secure peaceful coexistence of all the peoples of the Caucasus and Russia, unite the highlanders for protecting and strengthening the achievements of the Revolution, develop democracy and protect the common political, social and cultural-national interests of all mountainous tribes.
Art. 2.  The organs of the supreme power of the Union of the North Caucasus Mountain People and Daghestan are: 1) the Congress of Delegates and 2) the Central Committee.
Art 3.  The organs of the Union shall:
a) strengthen civil and political freedoms achieved by the Revolution;
b) protect and strengthen the right of peoples of the Union to self-determination;
c) prevent the inter-tribal conflicts;
d) maintain the peace and order, as it does not impede its implementation by the local bodies;
e) facilitate the peoples of the Union to organize the power.
Art. 4.  Each of the Peoples of the Union is autonomous in the field of its domestic public-economic interests.
Art.5. The Congress of Delegates is composed of representatives of mountain peoples, Noghaits and Turkmen - 1 delegate for 20 000 inhabitants; at that every ethnic group has a right to have at least one delegate and the remainder above 10 000 is considered as 20 000 inhabitants.
Art. 6. The Delegates shall be elected on the basis of universal, direct and equal suffrage by secret ballots; where the local district or public committees find it impossible due to the local circumstances and upon the consent of the Central Committee election shall be held on the basis of universal and two-tired suffrage by secret ballots.
Art. 7. The Delegates are elected for a term of one year.
Art. 10.  The Congress of Delegates is the supreme administrative body, which exercises the supreme supervisory function over the Union’s management; it determines the order and means for electing the Union’s governing powers; determines the measures for domestic security aimed at maintaining the peace and order; elects the members of the Central Committee and the Spiritual Board; resolves all the issues within the Union; annuls the decisions made by public and district Councils in case they run counter to the Union’s common interests; determines the dutiable for the needs of the Union; approves the reports by the Central Committee.
Art. 12. Every ethnic group has the right to be represented at the Central Committee.
At the current Congress the number of the members of the Central Committee is determined to be seventeen: 6 from Daghestan Oblast (District), 6  from Terek Oblast, 2 from Kuban Oblast and Chernomorskiy Gubernia; 1  from Zakatala Okrug, 1  from the Abkhaz people; 1 from Stavropol Gubernia.  The members of the Committee shall elect a Chairman from the members of the Committee.  Each member of the Committee may have 1 or 2 candidates (substitutes. tr.).
Art. 13. The Congress of Delegates elects the members of the Central Committee and their Candidates, at that each Oblast or Gubernia is holding separate elections subject of consequent approval by the Congress.
Art. 14.  The members of the Committee are accountable to the Congress of Delegates.
Art. 15.  The Central Committee has the right to co-opt the persons, who shall have the deliberative vote.
Art. 16.  The Central Committee directs in a general way the Union’s affairs, and it takes control over observance of the Union’s Constitution and on implementation of the Resolutions adopted by the Congress, and by its own initiative or upon complaints takes necessary measures to enforce their observance; takes measures to maintain security and peace on the territory of the Union, safeguards the interests of the Union and submits to the Congress of Delegates the projects and reports;  it is entitled to exercise supervision over the officials.
Art. 18. All of the forces of the Union, public militia and the permanent paid militia shall be subordinate to the Central Committee.
Art. 19.  The Central Committee determines the rules for forming, educating, supplying, appointing and dismissing the commanders of the units and in a whole takes all necessary measures for better organization of the application of Union’s forces.
Art. 23.  All of the resolutions adopted by the Central Committee are binding to the members of the Union; in case of disobedience to the Central Committee, the latter is authorized to propose to the Congress to expel such member from the Union.
Art. 30.  The Sittings of the Congress of Delegates at the Central Committee are held if the half of members attends it and the resolutions are adopted by the simple majority of votes.
(Union of the North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and Daghestan (1917-1918). Mountain Republic (1918-1920). Documents and Materials. Makhachkala, 1994, p. 50-53/in Russian)

UNION TREATY OF THE SOUTH-EAST UNION OF COSSACKS’ TROOPS, THE CAUCA­SUS MOUNTAIN PEOPLES AND OF THE FREE STEPPE PEOPLES
20 October, 1917
We, named below the Cossacks’ forces, the Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Free Steppe Peoples establish the Union aimed at encouraging the good state arrangement, internal security and order in the state of Russia, as well as at providing by the Union members their inviolability, maintaining the internal peace, increasing the common welfare and thereby strengthening the good deeds achieved by the Revolution.
1.  Composition of the Union
Art. 1.  Union is composed of Cossacks’ forces: Don Troops, Kuban Troops, Terek Troops and Astrakhan Troops, Kalmik people joined the Astrakhan Troops and united in a special Union of Mountain Peoples the following steppe and mountainous peoples:
a) All the peoples of Daghestan (Avars, Dargints, Laki – also called Kazi-Kumiks, Kiurints, Kumiks, Tabasarants and others) and of Zakatala Okrug (Lezgins);
b) All the mountain peoples of Terek Region (Kabardins, Balkars, Ossetians, Ingush, Chechens, Kumiks and Salatavts);
c)  All the peoples of Terek Region (Karachay, Abazins, Cherkess, Nogaits and others);
d) Highlanders of Sukhumi Region (Abkhazs);
e) Steppe Peoples of the Terek Region (Nogaits and Karanogaits) and of the Stavropol Gubernia (Nogaits and Turkmen).
Art. 2. The territory of the members of the Union includes the lands owned by Cossacks’ Forces, the Caucasus Highlanders and the Steppe Free peoples provided for in Article 1.  
Art. 3. The name of the Union is: “the South-East Union of Cossacks’ Troops, the Caucasus Mountain Peoples and of the Free Steppe Peoples”.
Art. 4. Each member of the Union maintains its full independence regarding the internal life and is authorized to conclude the independent agreements without prejudice to the Union’s goals.
II. The goals of the Union
Art. 5.  The Union determines the following goals:
a) to achieve the rapid development of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic with recognition of the members of the Union as the separate States;
b) to support the other peoples and oblasts striving for federative settlement of the state of Russia and establishing with them close relations and mutual understanding;
c) to strive for establishing the firm and trustworthy democratic state power based on the live forces of all nationalities and territories of the country and free from the influence of irresponsible organizations;
d) to support the Central State Power in the struggle against external enemies and in establishing of worthy peace on the basis of self-determination of the peoples, maintaining the order in the country and in struggle against anarchy and counterrevolution;
e)  to secure the full independence of the Union’s members with regard of their internal life;
III. The Union’s power
Art. 8.  “Joint Government of the South-East Union” is the governing organ of the Union.
Art. 9. Each member of the Union nominates two representatives to the Joint Government.
Note 1: The Union of the Caucasus Mountain Peoples nominates four representatives where 2 shall be from Daghestan, including Zakatala Okrug.
Note 2: Astrakhan Cossacks’ Troops and affiliated Kalmik People appoint one representative.
Art. 14.  The South-East Union has its representative at the Central Government of Russia, who shall be elected by the Joint Government of the Union from its composition or from the authorized citizens of the Union.
IV. Place of residence of the Joint Government.
Art. 15.  The Joint Government temporarily is placed in the city of Ekaterinodar.
(Union of the North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and Daghestan, p. 73-76; Central State Historical Archive of Georgia (CSHAG), f. 1820, desc. 1, file 630, p. 1-2)  

EXTRACT FROM THE SPECIAL GAZETTE OF THE TRANS-CAUCASUS COMMITTEE Sitting of  30 October 1917
Heard: Sukhumi Okrug Commissariat, upon the petition of the Executive Committee of the Council of Peasants’ Deputies of Sukhumi Okrug and the local forest warden, raised the issue on inclusion again within the boundaries of the mentioned Okrug the seceded Gagra Gubernia and the Bzib district.  At the same time, before resolving of agrarian issues by the forthcoming Constituent Assembly, the motivation for restoration of the historical boundaries is based on providing the access to the summer pastures and forests to the aborigine population.
The population of the Old Gagra and Alakhadze supports this petition.
Recalling the history of the establishment of Sukhumi Okrug within the current boundaries we have to underline the following aspects.
The historical frontier of Abkhazia (within its territory – including once seceded territories of Samurzakhano and highland trenches of Bzib, Pskhu, Kodori-Tsebelda and others) to the west passed along the River Mzimta and the River Bzib, to the North – the Caucasus major mountain ridge, to the South – the Black Sea and to the East – the river Enguri.  The Sukhumi Military Division was established within these boundaries in 1865.  In 1883 it was named as Okrug and affiliated to Kutaisi Gubernia, and in 1903 it was separated as an independent Okrug.
According to the Regulations of the Committee of Ministers adopted in December 1904, the Gagra Climate Station was separated from Gagra Okrug and it was attached to Sochi Okrug administration of the Chernomorskiy Gubernia.  When projecting the aforementioned new frontiers between Sukhumi Okrug and the Chernomorskiy Gubernia, Prince Golitsin meant “only the interests of Gagra Station”.
But the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property also had the goal to settle Russians in Gagra district within the boundaries of the Chernomorskiy Gubernia on the basis of favourable conditions then in force.
After such artificial alteration of borders the Chernomorskiy Gubernia received under its jurisdiction 150.000 dessiatina ( = approx. 2 3,4 acres) of forest and summer pastures.
In addition, with the consent of Gagra and Bzib districts all of summer pastures were and still are at disposal of aborigines Abkhaz population of Gudauta segment.  Also the pastures of these regions along the mountain ridge of the Caucasus were fully transferred to the Chernomorskiy Gubernia, and the pastures of Chipshiri, Akugrig and others, where the present border of Sukhumi Okrug is passing by is divided into two segments: Northern and Southern, thereby the former is attached to the Chernomorskiy Gubernia and the latter is still within the Sukhumi Okrug.
The “Pskhu” edge was also attached to the mentioned Okrug (Mount Bzib trench, the population of which totally immigrated to Turkey in 1864), which has only one outlet to the city of Sukhumi.  This edge is total of 6000 dessiatina located at the mountainous zone, 60-70 versts (1 verst= 3500 ft.) far from the Sea shore and by its climate and soil conditions is a haven for colonization and flourishing settlement.  Though the country road to this edge built by military forces in 1868 is deteriorated now, its utilization for draught horses at the initial stage will not require any significant cost.
By explanation of Sukhumi Okrug Commissariat, the local land-management committees, taking into account the peculiarities and interests of local population, shall elaborate the necessary documentation and the land-reform plans, which will be submitted to the Constituent Assembly for deciding the agrarian issue.
The Committees may successfully fulfill this task only if they have comprehensive information regarding the land funds and the number of farmers that need the land etc.
The Constituent Assembly shall decide the matter of state forests and mountain pastures along with the agrarian issue.
The land-management committee shall have the comprehensive information with regard of existed lands, forests and pastures.  To this end the Commissariat considers necessary immediate restoration of the Okrug’s frontiers thereby returning the native forests and pastures from the Chernomorskiy Gubernia to Sukhumi Okrug, which in 1904 was attached to the latter through artificial changes of the original boundaries of the Okrug.
As it is evident that the motivation of changes of boundaries between the Sukhumi Okrug and the Black Sea Gubernia in 1904 was the vision of prince Alexander of Oldenburg – founder of the Gagra Climate Station, which ultimately considered only the interests of this station and didn’t take into account the interests of aborigines population of Sukhumi Okrug, then it will be quite fair to restore the old frontiers of the mentioned Okrug.  At the same time, proceeding from the interests of the local population, it would be reasonable to implement it as the interim measure under the decree of the Trans-Caucasus Special Committee, simultaneously lodging the motion on changing the borders pursuant to the rules established by law.
Decided: Respecting the given visions, the Trans-Caucasus Special Committee finds necessary, as the interim measure, to restore immediately the old boundaries of the Okrug and lodging the relevant motion to the Provisional Government.
For Chairman  A. Chkhenkeli
Members: M. I. Japarov
Acting Director of the Chancellery of the
Trans-Caucasus Special Committee - Kelarev
Corresponds to the original: for the clerk (signed)
(SCHAG, f. 1818, desc. 2, file 135, p. 17-20)


CONSTITUTION of  the Abkhaz People’s  Council
8 November 1917
    § 1.  The Abkhaz People’s Council is the national-political organization, which unites the Abkhaz people.
§ 2.  The Abkhaz People’s Council is the representative, and the demonstrator of the will of Abkhaz people in relations with the governing and administrative bodies and public-political organizations.
§ 3. The Abkhaz People’s Council, first of all, is responsible before the Abkhaz people through the General Congress.
§ 4.  The goals of the People’s Council of Abkhazia:
a) to protect and strengthen the achievements of the Revolution; political education and mobilization of the people; to fight against anarchy and counter-revolution;
b) to protect the national and cultural-economic interests and political rights of the Abkhaz people;
c) to prepare the ground for self-determination of the Abkhaz people;
d) to support and foster the relations of Abkhaz people with the Union of the Caucasus Mountain Peoples (doc. # 210-edit.) and implement the political mottoes, decisions and arrangements endorsed by the Union’s Central Committee.
e) to work on current issues those require the manifestation of the will of the Abkhaz people.
§ 5. The Okrug Committee, commissars and other administrative bodies, as well as the individuals retain the previous function of management, but the activity of all administrative and other agencies and individuals, as such activity is relating to Abkhazia, - shall be carried out in the context of the The Abkhaz People’s Council in order to achieve the tangible results.   
§ 6.  The The Abkhaz People’s Council recognizes the power and competence of the relevant administrative and public-political organizations, as these organizations safeguard the principles of democracy and self-determination of the nations.
§ 7.    In order to protect the interests of national minorities, the issues relating to the interests of other ethnics of Sukhumi Okrug shall be decided either by the Okrug Committee, or by the General Congress of the Okrug or the Assembly of the interested side.
§ 8.  The Abkhaz People’s Council has its representatives in the Okrug Committee and, if necessary, in other administrative and public-political organizations.
§ 9.  The People’s Council shall implement the Resolutions adopted by the Congress of the Abkhaz People.
§ 10. People’s Council shall submit the Report on its activity to the General Congress of the Abkhaz People.
Note: However, on current and urgent issues the People’s Council shall take initiative to deliver the report to the Congress on its activity and these issues.
§ 11. The Council has the right to co-optation, but the members appointed under the co-optation rule have only deliberative vote until they are approved by the General Congress.
§ 12.  The Council nominates the Presidium from its composition: chairman, secretary and treasurer; the Presidium shall be approved by the General Congress.   
§ 13.  If necessary, the Council shall set up the sections from its composition on different special fields: e.g. school, religious, financial, land-management and other issues.
Note: The Council may involve the persons outside of its composition in the work of sections.
§ 14.  The quorum is Ѕ of the total number of the members of the Council (including the Chairman) and the decisions are adopted by the simple majority of votes.
Note: If the votes are divided in equal parts, the vote of the Chairman gives the preponderance to the corresponding side.
§ 15.  The detailed Regulations and a charter of internal procedures shall be elaborated by the Council following the general directions determined in the Declaration and the Constitution adopted by the Congress.
§ 16.  Each individual member and the People’s Council in whole take responsibility to observe in their activity the Constitution and this Declaration.
Chairman of the Congress Simon Basaria
Secretaries: Tsaguria, Alania and Tarnava
Speaker: Sheripov
Adopted on 8 November 1917, Sukhumi
(Union of the North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and Daghestan, p. 79-90; Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia-Historical Region of Georgia. Tbilisi, 1997, p. 389-391/in Russian)


DECLARATION ADOPTED BY THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S CONGRESS
8 November 1917
Before the Revolution the initiative of the people was rather limited as the servants of the previous regime used to “perform” everything themselves.  The Revolution established the equal rights and opportunities for all public-political and national groups in self-determination and protection of their own interests.
In addition to the administrative organs, the trade unions and political organizations were established everywhere, as well as the Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies. These Unions and organizations, supporting the achievements of the Revolution, at the same time protect the rights and interests of classes and masses headed by them.
Evidently, the Revolution put forward the motto on self-determination of the nations oppressed by the Tsar regime.  This slogan was grasped by the interested masses and they started its swift implementation at many places (Ukraine, Finland).
The Abkhaz people, likewise the other peoples of the Republic of Russia, comprehend the Revolution first of all as the free determination of nations.
Taking into account all the aforementioned, the Congress of the Abkhaz People firmly declares that centuries-old Abkhazia, which has a great experience in state-building, shall have the political organization capable to unite the Abkhaz people and demonstrate the will of the majority protecting their interests.
The Abkhaz People’s Council will be such organization.
The tasks of the Abkhaz People’s Council shall be as follows:
1. First and foremost – to protect and strengthen the achievements of the Revolution and political education and organization of masses.
Abkhaz people understand that all freedoms, including the freedom of Abkhazia depends on the Revolution.
Multiple eruption of anarchy in entire country indicates that the people shall firmly stand for freedom and Revolution as some of the threats haven’t been removed yet.
At the same time the masses, like it is in Russia, thanks to the felonious policy of the overthrown regime found them not very well prepared and organized and these masses can serve as a foundation to the Revolution if they represent a single-whole, which is organized and conscious.
II. The shall also protect the national, cultural-economic and political rights of the Abkhaz people from any encroachment, no matter where they are coming from.
In this challenging time, when many of old structures is being destroyed and the new ones are being built, when the life condition and environment in Russia are changing drastically, as well as in Abkhazia, every nation shall observe their rights and interests protecting them from infringement in the new arrangement of Russia.  The Abkhaz people believe that their brothers, the mountain people of the Caucasus and Daghestan will support them to safeguard their rights.
III. Self-determination is one of the most important priorities of the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
At the same time we have to remember that there will not be a slow implementation of the right to self-determination; in fact it will be the preparation to the self-determination and the final forms of it are being elaborated at the Al-Russian Constituent Assembly.
This preparation means that after collecting the materials and expressing the people’s will, the project of arrangements of different issues of Abkhazia shall be elaborated.
At the same time the  Abkhaz People’s Council shall assume the prompt resolution of the issues that are relating to the self-determination and need immediate attention (school issues and others).
IV. The Abkhaz people is the part of the Union of the North Caucasus Mountain People, Daghestan and Abkhazia, and, evidently it needs to establish very close contacts with its northern brothers.
The  Abkhaz People’s Council will be a body, which will unite the Abkhaz people with the Union of Mountain People through the Central Committee of the Union.
Besides the listed objectives and goals the Abkhaz people shall strive for, this Council also is to cover the current issues, as so far there is no organized public center.
The major tasks, raised by the Revolution before the Abkhaz people gives a shape to the position of this Council toward all political organizations and administrative agencies of the Caucasus and Russia.
The People’s Council of Abkhazia, which is first of all accountable to the Abkhaz people and protects their interests and rights, recognizes the power and competence of the Sukhumi Okrug Committee, as well as of the Trans-Caucasus Committee, all public-political and administrative agencies and the members of the Central Committee of the Union of Mountain Peoples and of the Provisional Government as  these organizations and agencies observe the mottoes of the Revolution, and of democracy without prejudice to the national interests and to the political rights of the Abkhaz People.
In case of violation of the national-political, cultural and economic interests or the rights of Abkhaz people, or if some legal acts or resolutions issued by the administrative organ or public official run counter the rights of the Abkhaz people – the  Abkhaz People’s Councilreserves the right to express the decisive protest and resort the revolutionary resistance together with the people.
The Abkhaz people, making the first steps on the way of national identification, would like the other nations and public groups and organizations of Sukhumi Okrug and Trans-Caucasus to believe that the Abkhazs, being the subject not only of the social, but also of the national oppression under the previous regime, are very much dedicated to the revolution and strive for fraternal coexistence with all of the neighbors.
(Union of the North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and Daghestan, p. 80-83)  
 

DECLARATION ON SETTING UP THE JOINT GOVERNMENT OF THE SOUTHEAST UNION OF THE COSSACK’S TROOPS, MOUNTAIN PEOPLE OF THE CAUCASUS AND THE FREE STEPPE PEOPLES
16 November 1917
On 20 October of 1917 the South-East Union of the Cossacks’ Troops and the Free Steppe Peoples was established.  That day, the representatives of the mentioned troops and the peoples signed the Union Treaty in Vladikavkaz, upon which the Joint Government of the South-East Union started its operation in Ekaterinodar.   The Union consists of the following units: Don, Kuban, Terek and Astrakhan Cossacks’ troops, the North Caucasus Mountain People, Dagestan, Sukhumi and Zakatala Okrugs and the Free Steppe peoples of Astrakhan and Stavropol Gubernia.  On 31 October the Ural Cossacks Troops joint the Union.
Recognizing the Democratic Federative Republic as the best form of the state arrangement for Russia, the South-East Union will observe the general principles of federative arrangement.  The Union, securing the full independence of its members in the internal affairs, commits itself to facilitate them through all the Union resources in preparation of their internal arrangement as the independent States of the future Russian Democratic Federative Republic.
At the same time, the South-east Union intends to render a wide-scale support to the other peoples and Oblasts striving for settlement of the Russian Republic on the federative basis. To this end the Joint Government already has established the relations with the peoples of the Trans-Caucasus, Ukraine, Bessarabia, Crimea and Siberia inviting them to conclude the agreement on the best ways and means for implementation of common objectives through mutual assistance and support.
Considering important to maintain the Federative Russia united, indivisible and powerful, the Union will participate in building of the common state together with the other peoples of Russia without any misuse of its privileged rights.  At the same time the Joint Government of the Union, firmly pursuing the principles of the self-determination, will not allow any interference from any side in the developing of its internal life.  Any infringement of the federative rights of the South-East Union in a whole or its individual members will be met by decisive counteraction.
Collapse of the Central state power and the rapidly developed anarchy destroyed the unity of our great country.  The Oblasts and people, left alone before the forthcoming economic and political upheavals, had to organize their own power on the basis of self-governance.  The fighting unleashed between political parties posed the threat to the identity and peculiar traits – the historical foundation of spiritual and economic life of Cossacks, mountain peoples and the steppe people communities of the South-east of Russia.  Therefore   the Cossacks, highlanders and steppe people of the South-east took in their hands the power and rendered it to their respective governments elected through general elections, and for protection of common interests they established the Union led by the Joint Government.
Fighting against anarchy and violence, restoration and protection of rights and strengthening of normal conditions of the public-political life on the territory of the South-east Union are the primary objectives of the Joint Government, under which all citizens shall freely express their will and establish Union Government on the basis of national-territorial representation of reliable urban and rural dwellers.
Striving for the rapid implementation of this task, the Joint Government first of all has started restoring the public order at the residential areas and along the railway aimed at securing uninterrupted supply of food and forage to the long-suffering Russian Army, the population of the Trans-Caucasus, Turkmenistan and the workers of industrial centers, urban and rural dwellers of the Union – with the primary goods necessary for households.  At the same time the Joint Government is deeply concerned with the arrangement of the local finances.  Deterioration of the fiscal system established rather grave situation for the citizens working at the state, public and private organizations, and the all of the workmen too.  Protection of their interest is the ultimate goal of the Joint Government.
The South-East, which is very reach with its corn, oil, coal, livestock and other gifts of nature, has every possible mean to make flourishing spiritual and material culture, but the  autocratic regime, stifling all of the Russian people crushed it in the very bud.  The Joint Government will take every possible measure to establish the good environment for developing the education, industry and trade of the peoples of the South-East, which went through so many shocks of anarchy.  At the same time the Joint Government is dedicated to carry out painless settlement of the agrarian issue in full compliance with the interests and traditions of the farmers.
As the fates decree Russia is in a desperate situation at the front: on the one hand it practically fails to continue the severe war, on the other – it cannot conclude the separatist peace-agreement without consent of its allies.  The agreements are sacred for the Joint Government thereby declining all responsibilities from the South-East Union for the results consequent to the decision of the usurpers of central state power on concluding the separatist peace-agreement.
As a matter of fact only the power, which properly demonstrates the genuine will of the all members of the family of Russia is authorized the lead the.  The Joint Government believes that the way determined by Cossacks, Highlanders and steppe people for building the internal and common-state life will be met by democratic forces with full sympathy and finds fraternal support in the building of united, great and powerful Russian Democratic Federative Republic.
The Joint Government of the South-East Union.
Ekaterinodar, 28 November 1917
(Union of the North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and Daghestan, p. 87-88)
    

DECREE #1 ISSUED BY THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF THE
CAUCASUS MOUNTAIN PEOPLES
4 December, 1917
The Government of the Caucasus Mountainous People’s Union has discussed the ussue of the territory that is under its full jurisdiction and decrees:
-1-
The state power of the Provisional Government of Union of Mountain Peoples fully applies to the territory of Daghestan, Khasan-Urtovsk, Grozny, Veden, Nazran, Vladikavkaz and Nalchik Okrug, as well as to the Kara-Nogait segment of Terek oblast and the territory of Nogaits and Turkmen of the Stavropol Gubernia.
-2-
With regard of Zakatala and Sukhumi Okrug, the power of the Provisional Government of the Union applies to the national-cultural and political issues.  The issue on swift and full application of the power of the Provisional Government of the Mountain peoples’ Union shall be submitted to the People’s Councils of Zakatala and Sukhumi for decision.
Deputy Chairman: Pr. R. Kapralov
Head of Justice Department: B. Dalgat
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia, Problem of Separatisms in Georgia (History and Present), book 1. Tb., 2003, p. 178-179/in Georgian)


RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE TRANSCAUCASUS COMMISSARIAT
December 7, 1917
Heard the petition of the Executive Committee of the Council of Peasants’ Deputies of Sukhumi Okrug and of the local forest warden on inclusion again within the boundaries of the mentioned Okrug the Gagra Gubernia and the Bzib district seceded from Sukhumi Okrug and transferred to the Chernomorskiy Gubernia under Regulations approved by the Committee of Ministers of 25 December 1904.  This issue was decided by the Trans-Caucasus Special Committee under Resolution of October 30 as an interim measure and the relevant motion was submitted to the Interim Government.  Taking into account the urgent need to determine the final border between the Chernomorskiy Gubernia and Sukhumi Okrug, the Trans-Caucasus Commissariat decrees:
to abolish the Regulations approved by the Committee of Ministers on 25 December of 1904 and restore the historical boundaries of Sukhumi Okrug through including within the mentioned Okrug Gagra and Bzib regions.
Signed by Chairman: A. Gegechkori
Commissars: A. Chkhenkeli
M. Japarov
A. Ogadjanyan
F. Khan-Khoiskiy
M. Aslanov
Kh. Karchikyan
I. Khas-Mamedov
Authentic: for the clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1818, desc. 2, file 135, p. 34)


FROM THE DECREE #4 ISSUED BY THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION
OF THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAIN PEOPLES
11 December 1917
The Provisional Government of the Union of the Caucasus Mountain Peoples taking into account that though in accordance with the Constitution of the Central Committee, it is accountable for own actions only before the Assembly of Delegates.But due to the extremely high responsibility and urgency of the moment, it is necessary more close communication with population in order to disseminate information to oneself and to population about the situation in specific places and about own actions. As it is impossible to convene in the shortest period the constituent Assembly, has resolved:
-1-
To convene the Extraordinary provisional Council of the Union from the representatives of Okrugs or people’s committees or councils in according to the following scheme: Chechens, Ossetians and Kabards – 3 from each; Nogaits and Turkmens, Kumiks, Balkars and Ingushs – 2 from each; Altogether from the whole Terek and Stavropol Okrugs-19, the same from Daghestan Oblast.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia-Historical Region of Georgia, p. 398)


1918
EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES # 30 OF THE SITTING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA
9 February 1918
Attended: members of the Committee A. Ckhenkeli, K. Meskhi, G. Gvazava, P. Sakvarelidze, N. Kartsivadze
Representative of the  Abkhaz People’s Council A. Shervashidze
The guests: M. Emukhvari, N. Margania, Colonel R. Khotua and B. Tsaguria
Chaired by A. Ckhenkeli
Secretary: D. Nakhutsrishvili
The meeting discussed the issue on future interrelation between Georgia and Abkhazia.
(See the Resolutions)
 (CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 9, p. 12, 14, 15)

The representative of the  Abkhaz People’s Council Alexander Shervashidze and the representatives of Samurzakano – N. Emkhuari, N. Marshania and the representative of the North Government, colonel Chkhotua attended the meeting of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the National Council of Georgia held on February 9 of 1918.
The participants of the meeting discussed the future interrelations between Georgia and Abkhazia and decided the following:
1) to establish one united Abkhazia from the River Enguri to the River Bzinta, which will include Abkhazia itself and Samurzakano, i.e. the current Sukhumi Okrug.
2) to elaborate a future political arrangement, based on the principles of national self-identification that is a competence of the Constituent Assembly of Abkhazia subject of consequent endorsement by Georgia.
3) if Abkhazia decides to establish political relations with other nations or states it shall have prior negotiations with Georgia on this issue and vice versa, if Georgia has the same plan, then she is obliged to inform Abkhazia and hold the negotiations.
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 9, p. 18)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL
COUNCIL OF GEORGIA
9 February, 1918
Attended: A. Chkhenkeli, K. Meskhi, G. B. Gvazava, P. D. Sakvarelidze,
N. I. Kartsivadze.
Representative of the  Abkhaz People’s Council A.G. Shervashidze
The guests: M.G. Emukhvari, N. K. Marghania, Colonel Chkhotua and
B. Tsaguria.
Chaired by A. Chkhenkeli
Secretary: D. Nakhutsrishvili
The discussed issue:
… discussed the future relations between Georgian and Abkhazia.  It was found that:
1. Abkhazia, at any mean, wants to be an independent political entity and have with Georgia only neighborly relations on the basis of equal partnership.
2.  Samurzakano, as a part of Abkhazia, will not follow the Abkhazs if the latter have no moral-political ties with Georgia.
The Georgian side expressed its inclination to see Abkhazia as a part of Georgia but equipped with the full internal independence (broad autonomy) like it is considered for Muslim part of Georgia, but the proposal was denied by the Abkhaz representative.  After that
B. Ckhenkeli delivered the speech and introduced the draft Provisions:
1. to establish one united Abkhazia from the River Enguri to the River Bzinta, which will include Abkhazia itself and Samurzakano, i.e. the current Okrug of Sukhumi.
2) Elaboration of a future political arrangement, based on the principles of national self-identification, is a competence of the Constituent Assembly of Abkhazia.
3) If Abkhazia and Georgia decide to conclude written agreement with other nations or states, they are obliged to have prior negotiations on this issue with each other.
Decree:
The Provisions introduced by B. Ckhenkeli were adopted, but the  Abkhaz People’s Council will discuss them separately and inform the Executive Committee of the National Council of Georgia on the results.
Chairman
Clerk
Secretary: (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 2, p. 44; ibidem, p.1823, desc.2, file 1, p. 157-158)


AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA AND THE  ABKHAZ
PEOPLE’S COUNCIL
9 February, 1918
 On 9 February 1918 the meeting of the presidium of the Executive Committee of the National Council of Georgia with participation of the representative of the  Abkhaz People’s Council Alexander Shervashidze was held in Tbilisi.  They discussed the issue on establishing the interrelations between Georgia and Abkhazia and the following provisions were elaborated:
1) To re-establish one united Abkhazia from the River Enguri to the River Bzinta, which will include Abkhazia itself and Samurzakano, i.e. the current whole Okrug of Sukhumi.
2) The form of a future political arrangement of the united Abkhazia shall be elaborated on the basis of national self-determination by the Constituent Assembly of Abkhazia elected with respect of democratic principles.
3) In case Abkhazia and Georgia will be willing to conclude agreement with other national states they take mutual obligation to have prior negotiations on this issue.
Clerk of the Chancellery of the People’s Council of Abkhazia: signed; sealed.
1 June 1920
(Avtandil Menteshashvili, Historical Preconditions of the Current Separatism in Georgia. Tb. 1998, p. 75/in Russian)


DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MOUNTAIN PEOPLES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS AND OF DAGHESTAN (GORSKAIA RESPUBLIKA)
Batumi, 11 May 1918
We, undersigned delegates of the Government of the Union of Mountain Peoples have the honour to bring the notice to all governments on the following:
The peoples of the Caucasus elected the National Assembly, which held the meetings in May-September 1917 and declared about establishment of the Union of the Caucasus Mountain Peoples and rendered the executive power to the current government we are the member of.
Based on the right of the peoples of former Empire to free establishment of the political future that is in force in Russia and recognized by the Petrograd Government, the Government of the Union of Caucasus Mountain Peoples decided to adopt the following Resolution:
1. The Union of Caucasus Mountain Peoples decides to secede from Russia and establish the independent state.
2.  The territory of the new state will have the borders as follows: to the North – the same geographical frontier as it was for oblasts and provinces of Daghestan, Terek, Stavropol, Kuban and Chernomorskiy of the former Russian Empire; to the East – the Caspian Sea; the border to the South will be determined upon agreement with the Trans-Caucasus Government.
3. The undersigned Plenipotentiary delegates are entrusted with the task of informing all governments about this decision and make public the Declaration on establishing the independent state – Union of the Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, thereof the undersigned members declare that henceforth the independent state of the Caucasus Union considers itself legally established.
Signed by:  Abdul Medjid Chermoev, Gaidar Bammatov
(The Union of Mountain Peoples of the North Caucasus and Dagestan, p. 121)


ACT of independence of Georgia
The Georgian National Council during its plenary sitting of May 26. 1918, declared as follows:
For several centuries Georgia existed as a free and independent State.
At the end eighteenth century Georgia voluntarily allied herself with Russia, with the stipulation that the latter should protect her from enemies without.
In the course of the great Russian revolution conditions arose which resulted in the disorganization of the entire military front and the abandonment of Transcaucasia by the Russian Army.
Thus, left to her own devices, Georgia, and with her all Transcaucasia, took into their hands the direction of their affairs creating the necessary organs for this purpose; but under pressure from exterior forces the links which united Transcaucasian nationalities were broken and the political unity of Transcaucasia was thus dissolved.
The present position of the Georgian people makes it imperatively necessary that Georgia should create a political organization of her own, in order that she may escape from the yoke of her enemies and lay a solid foundation for her free development.
Accordingly, the Georgian National Council, elected by the National Assembly of Georgia on November 22 (December), 1917, declares:
(1) In future the Georgian people will hold sovereign power and Georgia will be a State enjoying all the rights of a free and independent State.
(2) Independent Georgia’s form of political organization will be Democratic Republic.
(3) In the event of international conflict Georgia will always remain neutral.
(4) The Georgian Democratic Republic will apply itself to establishing friendly relations with all nations and especially with neighbouring nationalities and states.
(5) The Democratic Georgian republic offers to all inhabitants of her territory a wide field for free development.
(6) The Democratic Georgian Republic guarantees to all citizens within her territory civil and political rights, without distinction of nationality, religion, social position, or sex.
(7) Until the convocation of the constituent assembly, the National Council, with the addition of representatives of the minorities and the provisional government responsible to the National Council, is at the head of all Georgian administration.
(Democratic Republic of Georgia. 1919-1921.Three historic documents. Preface and compilation by G. Sharadze. Editor D. Djaparidze, Tbilisi, 1991, p. 109-133/in Inglish)


EXTRACT FROM THE RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE  ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUN-
CIL on negotiations on relations with the Democratic Republic of Georgia
2 June 1918
Since collapse of the Trans-Caucasus Federative Republic and declaring the independence of Georgia, Abkhazia has lost the legal ground for relation with Georgia.  The detachment of the Trans-Caucasus Red Guardia, which, being outside of its own country, currently acts as the troop of Georgia, but the whole power practically is in its hands.  On June 2 of this year the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided: due to the established situation the People’s Council takes the whole power within Abkhazia.  Taking into account the fact, that vital important interests of Abkhazia and Georgia dictate to both sides to have close collaboration in arranging the state power in Abkhazia, as well as in Georgia without any violation of the people’s rights from the side of neighbours.  Proceeding from the aforementioned the People’s Council decrees: to submit the friendly application to the National Council of Georgia on assistance in organizing the state power in Abkhazia retaining the Red Guardia Detachment in Sukhumi     
As for the decrees of the Georgian Government issued on the territory of Abkhazia on administrating the justice on behalf of Georgia and the Decree on Mobilization, as a matter of fact they may lay ground to tension between two people and jeopardize the best interests of Georgia and Abkhazia.  The  Abkhaz People’s Council believes that the Government of the Republic of Georgia will abolish the aforementioned Decrees and refrain from the similar acts in a future.
In order to clear out these issues with the Government of the Republic of Georgia, the  Abkhaz People’s Council sends the following representatives to Tbilisi: the engineer R. I. Kakubava and its delegates being currently in Tbilisi V. G. Gurjua, G. D. Ajamov, G. D. Tumanov and empowers them with the right to hold the negotiations.
(Ruslan Khodjaa, Documents and Materials of the  Abkhaz People’s Council 1918-1919. Sukhum, 1999, p. 7-8/in Russian)


DECREE ISSUED BY THE  ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL on participation of its repre-
sentatives in Liquidating Commission working on dissolution of the Trans-Caucasus Seima
Abkhazia, being a member of the Trans-Caucasus Federative Republic may be considered as a legal person, which shall be responsible for part of debts of the collapsed Republic.  Being a payer of the debts of the Trans-Caucasus Federative Republic, the People’s Council of Abkhazia, which took certain liabilities deems necessary to be involved in the activity of the Liquidating Commission on the equal footing with other representatives of the nations of Federation, agencies of the Trans-Caucasus Federative Republic and Russia.  For this purpose we give the authorization to V. G. Gurjua, G. D. Ajamov and G. D. Tumanov.
Chairman – signed
For secretary - D. Gulia
2 June, 1918
(Ruslan Khodjaa, Documents and Materials of the Abkhazi People’s Council, p. 6)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
6 June 1918
Chaired by the acting Minister of Defense G.T. Giorgadze
Attended: the Ministers - G. D. Zhuruli, Minister of Finance; I. N. Lordkipanidze, Minister of Roads; Sh. V. Meskhiev, Minister of Justice; N. G. Khomeriki, Minister of Agriculture and Labour; G. M. Laskhishvili, Minister of Public Education.
The Comrades (deputies) of Ministers: including, labour– I. I. Pirtskhalaishvili, Kandelaki –Finances, I. M. Malania – Road Transportation, P. I. Sabashvili – Food,
G. I. Gvelesiani – Justice.
Participated the delegates from the People‘s Council of Abkhazia led by R. I. Kakuba.
Secretary – G. Cherkezov
The delegate from the People‘s Council of Abkhazia R. I. Kakuba greeted the Government of the Republic of Georgia and spoke about unity of the interests of the Abkhaz and Georgian people, their spiritual and cultural ties and expressed the vocation to retain it after the power would be completely passed to the People‘s Council of Abkhazia and asked the Georgian Government to render friendly assistance in organizing the state power in Abkhazia. Chairman – the Defence Minister welcomed the representatives of the Abkhaz people and underlined the unity of ideas and objectives of Abkhazia and Georgia expressing the desire to further strengthening of this fraternal union of two peoples.
Then two documents adopted by the People‘s Council of Abkhazia were announced.
In the first document the people‘s Council of Abkhazia informs the National Council of Georgia that upon declaring the independence Abkhazia lost the legal ground for relations with Georgia and the whole power was taken by the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  Taking into account the unity of the interests of Abkhazia and Georgia, the  Abkhaz People’s Council anticipates the National Council of Georgia to assist in state arrangement through retaining Georgian Red Guardia on the territory of Abkhazia.  At the same time it expresses the protest to the National Council of Georgia upon the decrees issued by the Government of Georgia that violate the sovereign rights of the Abkhaz People’s Council. For negotiations with the Georgian Government the  Abkhaz People’s Council delegates his representatives: R. I. Kakuba, V. G. Ghurjua, G. D. Adamov and G. D. Tumanov.
Under the second document the  Abkhaz People’s Council informs the Government of Georgia that Abkhazia, as a plenipotentiary member of the Trans-Caucasus Federation shares the part of debt and deems necessary participation of its representative, together with representatives of other federative nations in the work of liquidating commission;  V. G. Ghurjua, G. D. Adamov and G. D. Tumanov are authorized to participate in this activity.
R. I. Kakuba gave explanation to the issues raised by the Ministers of the Government of Georgia with regard of the situation in Abkhazia.
Proceeding from the report of R. I. Kakuba, the  Abkhaz People’s Council is going to convene the Congress with participation of representatives of all the peoples residing on the territory of Abkhazia in the nearest future.  The election of the People’s Congress will be held based on the four-member formula.
Currently there are several political movements in Abkhazia with this or that orientation.
For example, well-off landowners have the inclination to Turkey as they hope that Turkey will restore their lost rights; there is also a small group with Bolshevik orientation; a part of population expresses the sympathy to the North Caucasus highlanders.
In fighting against these movements the  Abkhaz People’s Council needs the assistance of the Government of Georgia and hopes that the Georgian Red Guardia will not be withdrawn from the territory of Abkhazia facilitating Abkhazia in arranging the administration and helping the newly-created international detachment in fighting against these elements.
The  Abkhaz People’s Council is facing the lack of finances and expects Georgia helping them through financial means too.
For solving all of these issues and for reaching the agreement between Georgia and Abkhazia, the Georgian Government entrust its ministers S. Meskhiev and N. Khomeriki with the task of elaborating the text of the Agreement and submit it to the Government of Georgia for further discussion.  
After adoption of this Resolution the delegates of the  Abkhaz People’s Council left the session hall and the Government continued discussion of the Agenda.
(…)
Chairman
Head of Government Administration
(CSHAG, f. 1861, desc. 1, file 10, p. 84-85)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
8 June 1918
Heard: Report by the Minister of Agriculture and Labour on the Agreement of Georgia with Abkhazia:
Decided:
a) to endorse the draft agreement elaborated by the authorized persons from the side of Abkhazia
b) to entrust the Minister of Finance with the task of supplying the Sukhumi treasury with the banknote.
c) to entrust the Minister of Interior with the task of providing additional detachment to Abkhazia for fighting against anarchy.
Original with necessary signatures.
Authentic: signed
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 75, p. 41, 42)


(AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
GEORGIA AND THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL of 8 June 1918)
AGREEMENT BETWEEN GEORGIA  AND ABKHAZIA of 8 June 1918
Copy
8 June 1918, Tiflis.
The Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in the person of its plenipotentiary representatives – the Minister of Justice Sh. A. Alekseev-Meskhiev and the Minister of Agriculture N.G. Khomeriki, and the  Abkhaz People’s Council in the person of its plenipotentiary representatives Razhden Kakuba, George Tumanov, Vasiliy Gurdjua and George Ajamov, concluded the following Agreement on 9 February of 1918 based on the agreement reached between the Georgian National Council and the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
1) The Minister on Abkhazian Affairs will be invited at the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia;
2) The Abkhaz People’s Council exercises internal management and the self-governance in Abkhazia;
3) The credits and money, necessary for the management of Abkhazia shall be assigned from the financial resources of the Democratic Republic of Georgia and expended for the needs of Abkhazia by the Abkhaz People’s Council;
4) For the rapid development of the revolutionary order and organization of a sustainable power, the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia sends the detachment of the Red Guardia to assist the Abkhaz People’s Council;
5) International Detachment will be created in Abkhazia, which will be at disposal of the Abkhaz People’s Council.
The financial support and equipment to the detachment will be provided by the Georgian Government;
6) The  Abkhaz People’s Council is carrying out the social reforms on the basis if the common laws of Georgia taking into account the local specifics;
7) The Congress of the Population of Abkhazia is convened on the basis of democratic principles in the nearest future for final resolution of the issues relating to the arrangement of Abkhazia;
8) This Agreement shall be reviewed by the National Assembly of Abkhazia.
The original is signed by: Noe Khomeriki, Shalva Alekseev-Meskhiev, George Ajamov, Vasiliy Gurjua, clergyman George Tumanov, Razheden Kakuba.
Head of Chancellery of the National Council of Abkhazia: signed; sealed.    
(Avtandil Menteshashvili, Historical Preconditions of the Current Separatizm in Georgia, p. 75-76; CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 278, p. 7; ibidem, f. 1861, desc. 2, file 37, p. 54-58)


(AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
GEORGIA AND THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL of 11 June 1918)
AGREEMENT BETWEEN GEORGIA AND ABKHAZIA of 11 June 1918
Copy
The Abkhaz People’s Council authorized its representatives R. I. Kakuba, G. D. Tumanov, V. G. Gurjua and G. D. Ajamov to conclude the following Agreement:
The Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in the person of its plenipotentiary representatives – the Minister of Justice Sh.A. Alekseev-Meskhiev and the Minister of Agriculture N. G. Khomeriki, and the Abkhaz People’s Council in the person of its plenipotentiary representatives Razhden Kakuba, George Tumanov, Vasiliy Gurdjua and George Ajamov, concluded the following Agreement for development and supplementing the Agreement concluded on 9 February of 1918:
1) The concluding agreement shall be reviewed by the National Congress of Abkhazia which will decide final political arrangement and the destiny of Abkhazia, as well as the interrelations between Georgia and Abkhazia;
2) The plenipotentiary representative of the Abkhaz People’s Council is present at the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia with whom the Georgian Government considers the issues relating to Abkhazia;
3) Internal management of Abkhazia is exercised by the Abkhaz People’s Council;
4) In foreign affairs, Georgia – being the official representative of both contracting parties, practically acts together with Abkhazia;
5) The credits and assets, necessary for the management of Abkhazia shall be assigned from the resources of the Democratic Republic of Georgia at disposal of the Abkhaz People’s Council;
6) For the rapid development of the revolutionary order and organization of a sustainable power, the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia sends the detachment of the Red Guardia to assist the  Abkhaz People’s Council until it’s in need;
7) The Abkhaz People’s Council shall organize the military units; the necessary equipment, uniforms and resources for these units shall be provided by the Democratic Republic of Georgia at disposal of the Council;
8) The Abkhaz People’s Council is carrying out the social reforms on the basis if laws adopted by the Trans-Caucasus Seim taking into account the local specifics;
This document is taken as information and will be added to the Agreements concluded between the National Council of Georgia and the Democratic Republic of Georgia on one side and the Abkhaz People’s Council – on the other.
Tiflis, 11 June 1918.
The original is signed by: N. G. Khomeriki, Sh.V. Alekseev-Meskhiev, Razhden Kakuba, George Ajamov, clergyman George Tumanov.
(Avtandil Menteshahsvili, Historical precondition of the current Separatizm in Georgia, p. 76-78; Khodjaa Ruslan, Documents and Materials of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, p. 8-10)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
13 June 1918
Heard:
 3.  On the loan in amount of 10 000 roubles to the Abkhaz People’s Council necessary for transportation expenses of uniforms and equipment for the military units.
Decided: to provide the loan to the Abkhaz People’s Council the loan in amount of 10 000 roubles necessary for transportation expenses of uniforms and equipment for the military units.
Original with necessary signatures.
Authentic: clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 75, p. 50; ibidem, f. 1861, desc. 1, file 75, p. 170)


DECREE ISSUED BY THE  ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL on necessity to occupy Sochi and Tuapse Okrugs.
24 June 1918
The Abkhazia people’s Council, having discussed the political situation and taking into account that the Bolshevik anarchy disintegrates Abkhazia for three months already actually takes resources from Sochi and Tuapse Okrugs and also the fact, that the Bolshevik orientation is based on the lack of food, which followed to the occupation of Tuapse Sea-port by Bolsheviks cutting the communication with the North Caucasus through detaining the cargo from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea regions of Abkhazia and Georgia,
Decided:
to consider necessary the occupation of Sochi and Tuapse Okrugs including the Tuapse Sea-port in order to establish the sustainable order and Abkhazia and resolve the problem of food crisis in Abkhazia, as well as in Georgia.  To inform the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Commander of the Detachment Major-General Mazniev about this decision.
Original is signed.
Chairman of the National Council of Abkhazia – V.  A.  Shervashidze
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – the Historical Region of Georgia, p. 415)


LAW on abolishment of the Gubernia Councils of Peasants and the institution of the Peace Mediators.
I.  To abolish since publication of this law: a) the Peasants Councils in Tbilisi and Kutaisi Gubernia; b) the institution of Peace Mediators and their informants (interpreters) in Tbilisi and Kutaisi Gubernia and also in Zakatala and Sukhumi Okrugs.
II. Every former member of the Peasants’ Councils and the servants of chancelleries, as well as the mediators and their informants shall be retained at temporary posts in the basis of common rule.
III. The cases under the competence of aforementioned mediators shall be transferred to the Commissars of relevant districts and Gubernia for keeping and further transfer to the organizations.
Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of Georgia N. Zhordania
9 July 1918
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p. 18)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N 53 OF THE SESSION OF THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL on necessity of the presence of Georgian troops in Abkhazia and confidence to its Headquarters.  
17 July 1918
The Chairman offers to vote on the confidence to the Headquarters, to confirm again the dedication to the Decrees issued by the Council and state on necessity of the presence of Georgian military units in Abkhazia.
The proposal was adopted; two members abstained.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 418)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N 53  OF THE SESSION OF THE  ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S
COUNCIL on Relations between Georgia and Abkhazia
25 July 1918
The mandates of newly elected members from Gudauta, Gagra and Kodori precincts were checked, as well as the number of members from the mentioned precincts.
1.  Upon the request of the newly elected members the secretary announces the agreements concluded between the Council and the Government of Georgia; the newly elected members asked for translating these documents in Abkhazian language and distribute among communities.  The chairman promised to do it.
2. The issue on nationalization of the state organizations…
The Chairman proposed the following resolution: Having heard the report on nationalization of the state organizations, the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided: considering the nationalization of the state organizations quite purposeful in general, the  Abkhaz People’s Council still doesn’t find it possible and reasonable within Abkhazia. Due to the multi-ethnicity of Abkhazia and difficulties in carrying out the nationalization of state organizations, the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided to maintain Russian as the common language at the state organizations on the territory of Abkhazia…
3.  Issue on election the Minister on Abkhaz issues… the secret ballot voting showed: Chkhotua got 22 votes, V. K. Shervashidze – 4, G. D. Tumanov – 4 and Bartsits – 1…
Thus the colonel Chkhotua was elected Minister on Abkhaz Issues by majority of votes.  The colonel Chkhotua thanked to the participants of meeting and said that he would devote himself to the protection of interests of Abkhazia and also asked the Council to give him certain instructions.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – historical region of Georgia, p. 422)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SESSION  OF THE THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL
Upon decision of the  Abkhaz People’s Council of 28 July, George Tumanov and Semion Basaria shall be included in the diplomatic mission of Georgia at the Constantinople Conference as advisers for participation in the Mission’s work and for clearing up, together with the Georgian Diplomatic Mission the issues relating to returning to the home-country the Abkhazs exiled from Abkhazia and residing on the territory of Turkey.
28 July 1918
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia, Problems of Separatizm in Georgia, p.196)


LAW on administrative positions at Gubernia, City and County Levels
1.  To introduce the administrative positions within the boundaries of Gubernia, City and Counties: commissar of Tbilisi Gubernia – one; his two assistants; 7 county commissars; 7 senior and 3 junior assistants; 32 county Commissars; for Kutaisi Gubernia – 1 Commissar; one his assistant; seven county commissars, 7 assistants and 24 district Commissars; for Sukhumi Okrug - 1 Commissar; one his assistant and 4 district Commissars; the district Commissar is also the head of the District Police.
2. To determine the salary for the aforementioned positions as follows: to Sukhumi Okrug Commissar – thirteen thousand two hundred roubles a year; his assistant – nine thousand roubles; The district Commissar will receive four thousand two hundred roubles a year; to Zakatala Commissar thirteen thousand two hundred roubles a year; his assistant – nine thousand roubles; The district Commissar will receive four thousand two hundred roubles a year.
3. To assign sixty thousand (60 000) roubles at disposal of the Ministry of Interior for transportation expenses of Gubernia and District administration. To introduce aforementioned salaries form 1 July of this year.
4. The state treasury shall assign means for extra expenses for the mentioned administration.  
2 August 1918
Comrade of the Chairman of the National Council E. Takaishvili
Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic N. Ramishvili
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p. 38-39)


DECISION ADOPTED BY THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL on nationalization of the
state organizations
To: the regional commissariat, regional court, post and telegraph office, treasury, customs office, national bank’ department, inspector of public education, women’s gymnasium, te­acher’s seminary, lighthouse manager, sea-port commandant, local hospital, experimental field manager.
Please find attached the Decision made by the Peoples’ Council of Abkhazia for information and implementation.
The issue on nationalization of the state organizations was raised before the  Abkhaz People’s Council on 25 July and considering it in general as a reasonable step, the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided: the  Abkhaz People’s Council still doesn’t consider reasonable to carry out this step.  Due to the multi-ethnicity of the population of Abkhazia and difficulties on the way to carry out the nationalization of the state organizations, the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided:
To retain temporarily the Russian language as a common language at the state organizations on the territory of Abkhazia.
Every servant of the state organization shall write down the warrant that they will serve to the  Abkhaz People’s Council and will be accountable to it as to the supreme body of the region.  Persons, which deem impossible to take such responsibility shall be immediately dismissed from the position and paid the liquidating fees.  Having regarded necessary reduction of personnel, the  Abkhaz People’s Council decided to prohibit the dismissal of servants on the territory of Abkhazia with respect of ethnic origin.  The educational institutions shall serve to the local population, therefore the issue of their nationalization shall be decided by the population except of gymnasiums and other educational establishments having the status of regional importance; their issue will be decided by the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  
Chairman V. Shervashidze
Secretary – signed
3 August 1918
(Khodjaa Ruslan, Documents and Materials of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, p. 15-16)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
August, 3 1918
Heard: The report by the Head of Administration of the Government
The loans for the Minister on Abkhaz Issues
Decided: To open the loan for the needs of the Minister on Abkhaz Affairs in amount of 10 000 roubles from the 10 million fund transferring this money from the Ministry of Finance to the current account of the Administration.
Authentic with original – clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1861, desc. 2, file 37, p. 4)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
August 6, 1918
Heard: on creation of the defence and military units of Abkhazia
Decided: to take urgent measures for creation of international detachment in Abkhazia in accordance of Article 5 of the Agreement concluded with the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  This task shall be implemented by the Minister of Military Affairs.
Heard: on mobilization and creation of military units in Abkhazia.
Decided: to postpone the discussion of the mentioned issue.  At the same time to entrust the Minister of Military Affairs with the task of proposing at the earliest opportunity the draft on arranging the military forces of Abkhazia agreed with the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs.
Heard: on sending two delegates to Istanbul as advisors to the Georgian Delegation discussing the issue of Mohajirs.
Decided: To endorse the report by the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs on sending two advisers to the Georgian Delegation working on the Mohajir issues.  The final decision on this issue shall be decided in the nearest future.
Authentic with original: signed
(CSHAG, f. 1861, desc. 2, file 37, p. 7)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
August 6, 1918
Heard: on the rules for relation of the ministries with Abkhazia
Decided: To endorse the proposal by the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs stating that the agencies shall establish relations with Abkhazia upon information of the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs and in certain cases through his mediation. To postpone the detailed discussion of this issue until the next meeting.  Meanwhile the ministers shall submit their proposals on the forms and means for relation with Abkhazia for certain ministries.
Authentic with original: (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 75, p.128; ibidem, f. 1839, desc.1, file 7, p. 47)


REGULATIONS on Military Obligations in the Republic of Georgia and Recruitment in the
Regular Army.
Article 1.
The Military Service is obligatory and individual for each citizen of the Republic.
Note: this Article doesn’t apply to the Muslim citizens.
20 August 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 23, 23 August 1918)


LAW on Customs Offices
3.  To arrange 19 customs offices on the territory of Georgia at the following places:
a) The Major Office with the central authority – in Tbilisi;
b) The Customs Office of the first Degree – in Poti
c) The Customs Office of the Second Degree – in Natanebi and Sukhumi
d) The Customs Office of the Third Degree – in Gudauta, Ochamchire, Afoni, Kulevi, Anaklia, Foilo, Lagodekhi, Vorontsovka, Bakuriani, Atskuri, Abastumani, Ozurgeti and Dariali.
5. The Major and the First Degree Customs offices are shall be authorized to decide the issues on import and export of any type of goods and its taxation.
6. The Customs Offices of the second and the third grade shall have the same authority… except the cases when the goods require the chemical examination…
7. The Minister of Finance, Trade and Industry shall lead the Customs activity through the permanent representative of the Major Customs Office.
30 August 1918
Comrade of the Chairman of the National Council I. Baratashvili
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p. 63-64)

 
EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
3 September 1918
Heard:
The report by the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs on conduct of Georgian Troops in Abkhazia
Decided:
In addition to the measures taken by the Minister of Military Affairs:
a) To send immediately to Abkhazia the ad hoc commission composed of the representatives of the ministries of Military Affairs, Justice and Internal Affairs;
1) To entrust this Commission with the following tasks:
a) to investigate together with three representatives of the  Abkhaz People’s Council the facts stated in the application of the Chairman of the  Abkhaz People’s Council on conduct of our detachments in general and on the arrest of Abkhaz nationals, in particular.
b) To assess, with the assistance of controllers appointed by the state, the damage carried by the local dwellers upon the misconduct of our detachments.
c) To inform immediately the  Abkhaz People’s Council about this decision.
Authentic with original
(CSHAG, f. 1861, desc. 2, file 37, p. 124; ibidem, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 1235, p. 1-2; ibidem, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 7, p. 93 )


LAW on Representation of the National Minorities at the National Council of Georgia
 1.  The national minorities, residing on the territory of Georgia and representing the Georgian citizens shall be given the right to have 26 representatives at the National council of Georgia, namely:
1. Armenians – 10 (ten)
2. Tatars – 4 (four)
3. Abkhazs – 3 (three)
4. Russians – 2 (two)
5. Ossetians – 2 (two)
6. Georgian Jews –2 (two)
7. Jews – 1 (one)
8. Greeks – 1 (one)
9. Germans – 1 (one)
2. The representatives of the National Minorities shall be nominated by the National Councils of these minorities that are elected by the citizens of Georgia and operate within the territory of the Republic of Georgia.
Note: Where such councils do not exist, the representatives of this nation, who are elected at different democratic institutions of the Republic of Georgia, shall nominate the representative to the National Council.
13 September 1918
The Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc.1, file 85, p. 86-87)


LAW on Nationalization of the Teaching Institute and the Seminaries
a)  To annul the national departments of Tbilisi Institute and Gori Seminary.
b) To declare Tbilisi vocational institute and the seminaries of Gori and Sukhumi as Georgian state schools.
c) To establish Abkhazian Department at Sukhumi Seminary.
d) To assign the credits for all of four schools from the state treasury.
(…)
13 September 1918
Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 85, p. 87; The collection of the legal acts of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Tbilisi, 1990, p. 62/in Georgian)


REGULATIONS on the Interim Special Courts of the Republic
Adopted by the National Council of Georgia and the Government of the Republic of Georgia on 20 September 1918
To establish interim Special Courts in Tbilisi – for Tbilisi Gubernia and Zakatala Okrug; in Kutaisi – for Kutaisi Gubernia and in Sukhumi – for Sukhumi Okrug and the places occupied through the war for discussing the issues under the jurisdiction of the law adopted on 5 July 1918.
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 85, p. 111-113)

LAW on the institution of the Mediating Judges
1.  To introduce the position of the mediating judges in the cities and districts (Okrugs); each Okrug, together with the cities within their boundaries represent one mediating district.
16.  The language of proceedings with the district mediating judge, as well as at the Judges’ Congress shall be Georgian.
17.  In the districts where the majority of citizens belong to the non-Georgian nations, the proceedings shall be carried out in Georgian and in the language of the majority population of the district.  The Georgian text shall be considered as the official one.
18.  In the Okrug or district where non-Georgian citizens represent the significant part of the population (not less than 20 percent) – any application or verbal information can be delivered in the language of minority; they also have the right to obtain the copies of the document upon established rules without any charge.  If a person convicted in criminal offence or the sides involved in civil action ask to carry out proceedings not in Georgian language and the judge or the Congress of Judges have command in this language, the verbal proceedings shall be carried out in that language.
24 September 1918
Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p.116-119)

THE LIST
of the mediating institutions and organizations



The Congress of the Judges
Chair of Congress

District med. Judge

Congress Secretary

Assistants

Mediating Judge
Congress Interpreter

Mediating Judge

Police Officer

Court Officers
Honorary Judges
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
Sukhumi District Court (Sukhumi City)

1

7

1

1

7

1

7

1

7

3
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)

Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
24 September 1918
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 58, 5 October 1918; Collection of the legal acts of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, p. 71-78)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
7 September 1918
Heard:
4.  The reports by the Minister of Justice
on addition of Sochi and Tuapse Court Districts to Sukhumi Court;
Decided:
a) To subordinate Sochi district court to Sukhumi District Court and
b) To entrust the Minister of Justice with the task of estimating the relevant expenditures.
The Chairman of the Government N. Zhordania
Head of Administration: S. Japaridze
Secretary – Kandelaki
25 September 1918
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 7, p.106)


LAW on the State Language of Georgia
1.  Georgian shall be the State Language of Georgia.
Note: application of the minority languages at the certain institutions will be determined by the separate law.
2. The paper work and discussion at the National Council of Georgia shall be carried out in Georgian.
3.  The representative of national minority having no command in Georgian may deliver the speech in his own language.  
Note: the rule of the language application and translation shall be determined by the Regulations elaborated by the Council.
1 October 1918
Chairman of the National Council of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 59, 6 October 1918; CSHAG, f. 1863, desc.1, file 47, p.12)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SESSION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
10 October 1918
Heard:
The report by the Chairman on the situation in Abkhazia
Decided:
Taking into account the following facts: 1) the certain members of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, mostly the representatives of landowners betray the interests of the people of Abkhazia and of the residents of the whole of Sukhumi Okrug; they always tried to involve the foreign countries in the domestic affairs of Abkhazia in order to promote the interests of landowners.  Before it was Turkey (Ottoman Empire), and now – Alekseevts.  A few days ago, in order to provoke the political disorder, they surrounded the building of the People’s Council; 2) in such situation the  Abkhaz People’s Council being under the threat of violent acts, failed to work on the benefit of the people and 3) generally the members of the  Abkhaz People’s Council weren’t elected through the procedures that would have demonstrated the real interests of the population of Sukhumi Okrug
The Government Decided:
1. To dissolve the current composition of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, and hold the new elections on the basis of the universal electoral law;    
2. To set up the Central Electoral Commission for holding the elections composed of Varlam Shervashidze, Isidor Ramishvili, Vasiliy Gurjua, doctor Pashalidi and George Shanshiev; the Commission is entitled to elect the chairman and co-opt the people they consider reasonable;
3) To appoint Veniamin Chkhikvishvili as a Commissar of the Sukhumi Okrug until the election of the new  Abkhaz People’s Council and render him the whole power on the territory of Sukhumi Okrug; before appearance of Chkhikvishvili at his office the supreme military and civil power shall be exercised by the Head of Sukhumi Headquarters Tukhareli;
4) Due to the dissolving the  Abkhaz People’s Council the authority of the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs colonel Chkhotua shall be terminated; the function of the interim representative on the Abkhaz Affairs will be carried out by the Minister of Internal Affairs;
5) The Central Electoral Commission shall protect the property of the  Abkhaz People’s Council for transferring it to the new People’s Council.
Authentic with original – Gr. Robakidze (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 8, p. 18)


ADDITION TO THE REGULATION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the rules of
language application
1. The members of the Parliament shall deliver the speech in Georgian language.
2. Representatives of the national minorities having no command in Georgian may deliver the speech, besides their own language, at any minority language that is known at least by one member of the Presidium.
3. The representatives of national minorities, upon the consent of the Presidium, shall select one conversational language accepted by the Parliament.
4. The major essence of the speeches delivered in minority languages shall be interpreted in Georgian if there is such request from not less than 15 deputies.  The speeches delivered in Georgian shall not be translated into the minority languages.
5. The written proposals on amendment or other issues shall be done in Georgian.  The Presidium is authorized to deliver the unexpected proposals in one of the minority languages.
15 October 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1936, desc. 1, file 85, p. 135)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
Heard
7. The report by the Minister of Internal Affairs
b) The telegram sent by the Electoral Commission of the former  Abkhaz People’s Council Shervashidze about necessity of covering some expenditure from the current account of the People’s Council.
Decided:
1) To entrust the Minister of Finance with the task of instructing the state bank to assign to Shervashidze the necessary amount of money from the current account of the former  Abkhaz People’s Council for covering the expenses for abolishing the Council and the needs of the Electoral Commission.
17 October 1918
Secretary – V. Kandelaki (Signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 8, p. 29)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SITTING OF THE ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL
20 October 1918
To accept without any impediment the telegrams and written correspondence in any language done with Latin or Russian scripts.
… Due to the multi-ethnicity and difficulties in nationalizing the state organizations, the People’’ Council of Abkhazia Decided:
To retain temporarily the Russian language as a common language at the state organizations on the territory of Abkhazia.
V. Shervashidze
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia, Problems of Separatism in Georgia, p. 180)


LAW on arranging the state treasury
To introduce the following changes and amendments to the previous Law on the State Treasury, its Departments and Personnel
1. To divide the Treasury into four level:
a) First level – Kutaisi Treasury
b) Second level – Poti, Sukhumi and Gori Treasuries
c) Third level – Zestafoni, Chiatura, Senaki, Zugdidi, Telavi and Signakhi Treasuries;
d) Fourth level – Ozurgeti, Oni, Dusheti and Shulaveri Treasuries.
3.  To assign from the state budget six hundred thousand (600 000) roubles from 1 September 1918 to the personnel specified for in this Law.
12 November 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 98, 22 November 1918)    


REGULATIONS on Elections of the Constituent Assembly
Chapter 1
General Provisions
1.  The Constituent Assembly shall be elected through universal, equal, direct and secret ballot suffrage irrespective of sex and based on the principle of proportional representation.
2.  One electoral district shall be set up for the election of the Constituent Assembly.
The number of the members of the Constituent assembly shall be 130 people.  The Republic shall be divided in electoral precincts for voting.
Chapter II
The electoral right
3.  The right to voting shall have the citizens of the republic of both sexes who attained the age of 20 at the day of election.  Those, enlisted in the Regular Army shall have only the passive right to vote.
    (…)
Chapter III
The administration of the election of the Constituent Assembly
9.  The elections shall be organized by Central, city, district and village electoral commissions.
Note: In Sukhumi and Zakatala Okrugs the elections shall be led by Sukhumi and Zakatala Electoral Commission.
10.  The Central Electoral Commission of the Republic shall be set up by the Parliament of Georgia composed of 21 members.  The Commission shall elect the Chairman, the Comrade (deputy) of the Chairman, secretary and the treasurer.
From the day of accepting the list of candidates, the political parties or groups, which have submitted the list, shall have one representative at the Central Electoral Commission with the full right of membership.
(…)
22.  Sukhumi District Electoral Commission shall consist of nine members of City Board in accordance of distribution of power between the acting political parties.  The Commission shall have the Chairman, Comrade (deputy) of the Chairman, secretary and treasurer elected from the members of the Commission.
From the day of accepting the list of candidates, the political parties or groups, which have submitted the list to Sukhumi Okrug Commission, shall have one representative at the Central Electoral Commission with the full right of membership.
Note: Sukhumi District Commission shall have the responsibility as it is specified for the regional Commissions.
The village and community Commissions shall be set up in Sukhumi and Zakatala Okrugs and their responsibilities are specified for in Articles 18-21 of this Regulation.
(…)
22 November 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p. 183-199)


LAW on Tax-Collection
1.  State, public, city and other due taxes, as well as the administration of tax-collection, including the distribution of reminding papers shall be the competence of:
a) In Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Sukhumi and Poti – the assistant to the Chief of Militia and the special tax-collecting Militia composed of senior and junior militiamen nominated by the Chief of Militia upon the consent of the Head of Treasury according the districts subject to taxation.
26 November 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 85, p. 206-207)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SESSION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
28 November 1918
Heard
… report
…the Minister of Internal Affairs:
The request of the chancellery of the Ministry of Abkhaz Affairs on advanced payment in amount of 10 000 roubles for covering the expenses in November and December of this year.
Decided:
To assign 10 000 roubles credit from the 10-million fund of the Ministry of Interior for covering the expenses of the Chancellery of the Ministry of Abkhaz Affairs in November and December of this year.
Authentic with original
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc.1, file 8, p. 98)


RESOLUTION OF THE CONGRESS OF SOCHI OKRUG FARMERS
Having heard the report by the representative of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia on the political reasons and conditions for the joining on the temporary basis of Sochi Okrug to the Republic of Georgia, as well as on the government’s outlines with respect of the local cultural-economic life, the Congress of Sochi Okrug, on 1 December of this year, decided:  
1) reiterating the vocation of the Sochi Okrug to joint the Russia as soon as the sustainable unified democratic governance is established there based on the federative principles, the Congress considers that the joining of the Sochi Okrug to Georgia on the temporary basis proceeds form the Resolution adopted by the socialist parties and other democratic organizations of Sochi Okrug and represents the measure that is vital important for the protection of people’s interest.
2. Being under the protection of the laws of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, the working population has possibility to fulfill freely its future plans with regard of agrarian and economic developments; they have opportunity to establish democratic society and carry out the fair distribution of lands under the laws of the Republic pursuant to the Regulations adopted by the Russian Constituent Assembly.
3. The Congress entrusts the Presidium with the task of sending the welcoming telegram to the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.  With regard of Kuban Regional Rada the Congress decided: the Congress welcomes the Democratic developments initiated by Kuban Rada and expresses its hope that they will be able to unite the democratic forces and establish the close cooperation with the neighbouring democratic governments, namely with the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
(…)
1 December 1918
(CSHAG, f. 1864, desc. 1, file 41, p. 17)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
10 December 1918
(adopted on 17 December 1918)
Article 1
Heard:
The report by the legal adviser of the Government;
a) the draft regulations on the elections of the People’s Council of Abkhazia
Decided:
To endorse the draft as it is elaborated by the representative of the Ministry of Justice and the legal adviser of the Government taking into account that Article 2 will have the following wording: “the right to vote shall be given to the residents of Abkhazia who attained the age of 20 before drafting the electoral lists and lived in Abkhazia before 19 July1914 irrespective of sex, national or religious affiliation.  Note: person can be elected as a member of the  People’s Council of Abkhazia except of those specified for in Article 2; a person, who has lived in Abkhazia even after 19 July of 1914 also can be elected if he/she meets the other requirements specified for in Article 2 and also the citizens of Georgia living outside of Abkhazia”.
Authentic with original
Clerk: signed
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc.1, file 278, p. 22; ibidem, file 8, p. 106)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
17 December 1918
Heard
the report by the Minister of Internal Affairs
About situation in Abkhazia
Decided:
a) To submit to the Parliament the draft-Regulations on the elections of the  Abkhaz People’s Council amended upon the resolution of the Government of 10 December.  The community elections in Abkhazia shall be carried out on the basis of this Regulation.  Seventy five thousand (75 000) roubles shall be assigned from the 10-million fund for the purposes of both elections - fifty thousand (50 000) roubles for the elections of the people’s Council and twenty five thousand (25 000) roubles for community elections.  Both of elections shall be held at the same day, which will be determined by the government.
b) the Government shall issue the Appeal (Act) stating that Abkhazia has opportunity to have people’s representatives through whom it will be able to establish autonomous arrangement for its internal life.
c)  to return to Sukhumi City Self-Governance one hundred thousand (100 000) roubles as a payment of debt for food and horses taken by detachments and headquarters.  The other events shall be investigated by the special commission.
d) To assign on e hundred thousand (100 000) roubles from the credits of the Ministry of Roads for repairing the roads and bridges in Sukhumi.
e) The Ministry of Justice shall submit the conclusions within a week on the investigation of the special commission regarding the claims of Kodori dwellers on the damage caused by the misconduct of our detachments.
f) Due to the special circumstances to find necessary to appoint the second inspector on public schools.  The Ministry of public Education shall pay one-month salary to the newly appointed inspector and for future remuneration the relevant credit shall be open at the disposal of the Minister of Public Education.
g) To assign the credit of twenty thousand four hundred (20 400) roubles from the tem-million fund to the Minister of Internal Affairs to recover the credit spent in Sukhumi for fighting with epidemic diseases and for the sanitary needs.  
h) To create in Sukhumi the division of the committee on exchange of goods; the competence of the division shall be decided by the General Committee and the Commissar of Sukhumi Okrug.  The same Committee will be entitled to regulate the tobacco issue in Abkhazia too.
i) To entrust the Ministry of Trade and Industry with the task of restoring the postal communication within Sukhumi Okrug and between Poti, Ochamchire, Sukhumi, Gudauta, Gagra, Adler and Sochi using for this purpose the motor-launch.
Authentic with original – clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 8, p.110-111)


REGULATIONS on elections of Public Representatives at the City Councils
1. The Public Representatives shall be elected for two years term.  The number of public representatives for each city is determined in the list below.
2. Every citizen of Georgia, who attained the age of 20, lives in this city or has household, or works at the office or has some other work, shall be authorized to participate in the elections irrespective of sex and religious affiliation.
(…)


LIST
of the number of Public Representatives at the City Councils
   
 


Cities
Total number of Public Representatives to be elected at the Council

(...)
Sukhumi Okrug
Sukhumi
Gudauta
Ochamchire
Gagra
Sochi District
Sochi
Khosta
Adler
(...)
 
40
20
20
20

24
20
20
17 December 1918
Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 123, 24 December 1918; CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 85, p. 240-244)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
25 December 1918
Article 2
Heard:
The report by the Minister of Finances
a) On assigning the loan to the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
Decided:
1.  To assign six million roubles loan to the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
2. The mentioned loan shall be given to the Ministry of Internal Affairs upon the agreement with the Ministry of Finances in certain portions within six months.
3. Repayment of the loan shall start from 1 January 1922 (five hundred thousand (500 000) roubles on every January 1 and July 1).
4. The Ministry of Internal Affairs shall submit the relevant Decree to the Constituent Assembly.
(CSHAG, f. 1891, file 1243, p. 71)


REGULATIONS on the elections of the  People’s Council of Abkhazia
II. General Provisions
1. The members of the People’s Council shall be elected; totally 40 people…
2. The right to vote shall be given to the residents of Abkhazia who attained the age of 20 before drafting the electoral lists and lived in Abkhazia before 19 July1914 irrespective of sex, national or religious affiliation.
Note: person can be elected as a member of the  People’s Council of Abkhazia except of those specified for in Article 2; a person, who has lived in Abkhazia even after 19 July of 1914 also can be elected if he/she meets the other requirements specified for in Article 2 and also the citizens of Georgia living outside of Abkhazia”.
II. The electoral lists
The elections shall be universal, equal, direct through the secret ballot suffrage based on the principle of the proportional representation.
III. Electoral Commissions
11. The elections shall be carried out by the Central, City, Precinct and Village electoral commissions.
12.  The Central Electoral Commission shall be set up by the Government of the Republic of Georgia.
VII. Securing the free and fair elections.
96.  The public elections in Sukhumi District also shall be held on the basis of this Regulation.
27 December 1918
The Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia N. Chkheidze
The Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 426-427; Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 9, 14 January 1919)


1919
LAW on application of the language at the self-governance agencies
1.  Discussion, paper-work and correspondence at the city and regional agencies of self-governance is carried out in state language.
2.  Upon the discussion of the self-governing agency some other local language can be used while delivering the speech or filing the application.
3.  If more than half of the population residing within the territory of certain self-governance speaks the same local - non-Georgian language, the discussion and paper-work, together with the state language can be carried out in the language of the given majority upon the decision of the self-governance.
4.  This law has no application to Sukhumi and Sochi Okrug.
5.  This law shall come into force since it is adopted by the Parliament.
14 January, 1919
The original is signed by:
Comrade (deputy. tr.) of the Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia I. Baratashvili
Chairman of the Government of the Republic N. Zhordania
(Collection of Laws and Decrees issued by the Government, #1, 1919, 14 January, p. 10; CSHAG, f. 1683, desc. 1, file 1430, p. 5-6)


REGULATIONS of the Grand-Iury Court
For supplementing and changing the Articles of the Regulations of the Court to decide the following:
1. The Grand Jury shall be selected from the following persons of both sexes:
a) those who are citizens (national) of the Republic of Georgia;
b) those that speak Georgian and can read and write any other language;
c) those that attained the age of 25;
d) those that lived not less than a year in that Gubernia or city where the Grand Jury shall be elected.
3. The general and regular lists shall be developed for the election of the Grand Jury.
13.  Every year in the regular list shall be included:
a) 1200 persons – for Tbilisi and its region;
b) 1000 persons – for Kutaisi and its region;
c) 800 persons – for Sukhumi and its region.
17 January 1919
Comrade of the Chairman of the National Council E. Takaishvili
Chairman of the Government of the Republic N. Zhordania
(newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika,” N 19, 25 January 1919; CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 307, p. 6, 7)

LAW on declaring the former lots, state owned and other lands as private property
1. The lots, which weren’t approved to the former temporarily responsible peasants and the state “poselians” /settlers/ under the law of 20 December 1912 but were used by them through the “Authorized Certificate” – shall be declared as their private property.
2.  Within the norms provided for by Article 2 of the law of 7 March 1918 of the Trans-Caucasus Seim, to declare as a private property the following lands:
a) the state lands of those peasants, or villages, or associations that are under their ownership for generations;
b)  former state lands that are under their ownership through the treasury right;
c) the lands of former peasants of the Ossetian part of Gori District highlanders that are under their ownership through so called “Vorontsov’s Right”;
d) the lands owned by former peasants of Akhaltsikhe and other places possessed by them under so called “Tappskiy Right”;
e) the lands of former Sukhumi Okrug peasants given them under the rules of 8 November 1870;
f) the lands owned by persons of Sukhumi Okrug given them for permanent usage under law of 1 May 1900.
The friend of the Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia     Ekvtime Takaishvili
Chairman of the Government N. Zhordania
28 January 1919
(CSHAG, f. 1836, desc. 1, file 402, p. 24)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
8 February 1919
Heard
On setting up the court in Sukhumi
Decided:
To endorse the proposal of the Ministry of Justice on setting up the Extraordinary Court in Sukhumi Okrug.  The following persons were approved as the members of the Extraordinary Court:
Chairman – G.D. Solomon-Eristavi;
As a Comrade – Ev. Gr. Bokeria;
Members:
1) E. I. Arefeev.
2) G. Karaliov.
3) A.L. Grigolia.
4) D.K. Emukhvari
5) A.L. Gelovani
6) I.G. Pashalidi
7) V.A. Shervashidze
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 211. p. 53)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES # 1 OF THE PEOPLE”S COUNCEL OF ABKHAZIA
of 12 February 1919
Tarnava: (independent socialist on behalf of C.D. Internationalists)
„ Having heard the issue on elections at the Constituent Assembly and taking into account the fact that the relation between Georgia and Abkhazia was not formed finally, the Constitution of Abkhazia was not elaborated and Abkhazia’s participation at the Constituent Assembly may lay ground to the negligence of autonomous rights of Abkhazia, they decided: to postpone the elections until the Constitution of Abkhazia is elaborated“.
7 – yes;
17 – no.
From the C. D. faction:
„Having heard the issue on additional elections at the Constituent Assembly, the  Abkhaz People’s Council deems necessary to hold elections at the nearest future.  As for the means for its implementation, we have to offer troops to the Presidium of the  Abkhaz People’s Council upon the consent of the Presidium of the Constituent Assembly“.
17 – yes
7 – no
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia Problems of Separatism in Georgia, p. 212-213)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
1 March 1919
Heard
b) on assigning 10 000 roubles of prepayment for the needs of Chancellery of the Ministry of Abkhazia
Decided:
To assign ten thousand (10 000) roubles from the 10-million fund of the Ministry of Interior to the Chancellery of the Ministry of Abkhazia for salary and other expenses.
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 211, p. 77)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
13 March 1919
Heard
The Report by the Chairman of the Government:
a) The Declaration of the Government on Abkhazia
Decided: the representative of the Government shall declare at the opening of the session of the  Abkhaz People’s Council that Abkhazia has the full autonomy in its internal affairs and the People’s Council is authorized to carry out the administration of Abkhazia and the concrete separation of power will be determined by the Constitution.
Chairman of the Government – N. Zhordania
Head of Administration of the Government – K. Japaridze
Assistant to the Secretary – Lomtatidze
Authentic with original – clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 211, p. 93)


EXTRACT FROM THE SESSION OF THE PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF ABKHAZIA
20 March 1919
While speaking Kakuba abused Chkhikvishvili calling him as expropriator that disappointed the deputies and the whole of audience.  Many of them jumped up from the seats and were ready to retaliate.  Kakuba, changing the tune of his speech still didn’t change his position but left the hall without finishing his presentation.  His comrade from the faction Demianov said that Kakuba hadn’t been right to Chkhikvishvili and he knew about his honest political past (everybody applauded).
Then the Resolution by all socialist factions was introduced. . .
Demianov raised the issue on authorization of the Council and pointed that according to the previous agreements he didn’t recognize such right.  He was supported by the breakaway group: Tsaguria, Alania, Chanba, Margania.  Having discussed this issue they held the model voting.  29 were in favour of authorization, 5 – abstained, against - none.
There are three points in the Resolution: first – about autonomy on the platform declared by the Social-Democrats and the third – about mixed Commission of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the Council for elaboration of the Constitution set up on the principle of equal footing.  In order to reach the consensus, the second point, after personal consideration, was withdrawn from the agenda.  The first point was voted through secret voting.  Yes – 27; abstained – 3.  Four blank papers weren’t taken into account.
The second point was adopted unanimously, by show.
The amendment on guarantees of  break-off with Georgia in case of changing the latter’s po­litical arrangement was rejected by the majority as needless.  While adopting the Act on indepen­dence the whole audience was applauding wholeheartedly for a few minutes shouting “hurrah”. . .
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 433-434)


ACT on the autonomy of Abkhazia
20 March 1919
The First People’s Council of Abkhazia, elected through general, direct, equal and secret ballot voting, at its first session on 20 March 1919, on behalf of the peoples of Abkhazia decrees:
1. Abkhazia enters into the Democratic Republic of Georgia as its autonomous entity;  this decision shall be communicated to the Government of the Republic of Georgia and its Constituent Assembly.
II.  The mixed Commission set up on the principle of equal footing is elected from the Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the  Abkhaz People’s Council with the aim to elaborate the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and determine the relation between the Central and Autonomous government.  The elaborated proposals, after adopting at the Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the  Abkhaz People’s Council shall be included in the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
Secretary: G. Koroliev.
20 March 1920
Authentic with original: Head of Chancellery of the  Abkhaz People’s Council (signed)
27 October 1920
Authentic with copy:
Original is signed: Chairman of the  Abkhaz People’s Council (signed)
27 October 1920 – authentic with copy.
(Avtandil Menteshashvili, Historical Precondition of the Current Separatism in Georgia, p. 78; CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 44)

(RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA)
Sukhumi, to the People’s Council of Abkhazia
On 21 March of 1919 the Constituent Assmebly of the Republic of Georgia heard with a great pleasure the ACT on the Autonomy of Abkhazia adopted by the  People’s Council of  Abkhazia on 20 March 1919.
From now the firm foundation is being laid to the free existence of the Abkhaz nations in Georgia.  From now we can state that the democracy of Georgia fulfilled the task that even many great powers failed to achieve.
Historical and inherent unity of two fraternal nations has been restored that poses a treat to the enemies of democracy and makes happy our friends.
The Constituent Assembly of Georgia will be striving for final victory of the democracy and continue working until the free existence of the nations is established within the boundaries of the republic.  Purposeful and regular work, the Abkhaz democracy stands ready to participate – is the guarantor to the success.  To this end, and especially against the background of a grave historical moment, the Constituent Assembly of Georgia will take a good care of Abkhaz nations considering their needs and deeds as their own ones.
Comrade of the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia A. Lomtatidze
Senior secretary: K. Japaridze
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 52, p. 7, 8)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
25 March 1919
Heard
3.  The report by the Minister of Interior
b) on setting up the fact-finding commission for investigation unlawful acts committed by the Georgian military unites against Armenian dwellers of Sukhumi Okrug.
Decided:
To entrust the  Abkhaz People’s Council with the task of setting up the fact-finding commission, which, together with the government representatives shall investigate the acts committed by the Georgian military units in Sukhumi Okrug and  ascertain the amount of damage.
And now, to assign 50 000 roubles from the Military Fund at disposal of the Ministry of Interior as an advanced payment to help the victims of the unlawful acts.
This decision shall be implemented before the Gazette is approved.
The Chairman of the Government Evg. Gegechkori
Head of Government Administration K. Japaridze
Authentic with the original: clerk (signed)
29 March 1919
(CSHAG, p. 1938, desc. 1, file 189, p. 20; ibidem, p. 1891, desc. 1, file 211, p.101; ibidem, f. 1861, desc. 1, file 9, p. 122)
    

EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
12 April 1919
Heard: report by the Minister of Justice:
on the motion of Francuz and Tatrakhan Anchabadze and Murad Bei (Murad Beg) Marshania and others on compensation of damage caused by Georgian troops in Kodori Gorge.
Decided:
1. To render to: a) Murad Bey (Murad Beg) Marshania - one hundred thousand (100 000) roubles, b) Francuz Anchabadze – forty thousand (40 000) roubles and c) Tatrakhan Anchabadze – seventy thousand (70 000) roubles as a compensation to damage.
2.  A half of a mentioned amount in Article 1 shall be given immediately and the second half – within next six months.
3.  The amount mentioned in Article 1 shall be taken from the military fund.
4.  The motion of other victims with regard of compensation is rejected.
Authentic with original: secretary D. Didebulidze.  Signed
Authentic with original: clerk. Signed
(CSHAG, f. 1938, Desc. 1, file 427, p. 2)

STATEMENT OF THE  ABKHAZ PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF on Memorandum of the Volun-
teer Army to the English Headquarters
15 April 1919
Having heard the report of the Member of the Abkhaz Council I.I. Ramishvili on the Memorandum of the Volunteer Army to the English Headquarters, where it is said that: “the population of Abkhazia, according to the Memorandum, which is especially hostile to Georgians and has a vocation to Russia often asks the Volunteer Army to help them in ousting Georgians and attaching Sukhumi Okrug to Russia.  After receiving such application from the official representatives of the Abkhaz people the Headquarters send the telegram to the Generals Milns and Forstie proposing to carry out the following measures:
1. To expel Georgian troops and administration from the Okrug;
2. To declare neutrality in the Okrug and entrust the elected power with the task of maintaining the public order;
3. To withdraw Georgian across the Enguri River.
The  Abkhaz People’s Council publicly declares: 1) The  Abkhaz People’s Council is the sole authorized and plenipotentiary representative of Abkhazia elected through the most democratic principles; 2) through this Council Abkhazia established close links with the Democratic Republic of Georgia, entered in the Republic as an Autonomous entity and defined its an Georgia’s common state borders; 3) any “official representative” of Abkhazia, mentioned in the Memorandum, is just the enemy of the Abkhaz and Georgian democracy, who tries to prepare fertile soil for the counter-revolution and for restoration of the old order aimed at deteriorating the democratic achievements; 4) the Abkhaz democracy, in collaboration with the Georgian democracy will be able to curb unbidden “representatives” of the Abkhaz people and take over the counter-revolution and its agents for the sake of revolution; 5) the  Abkhaz People’s Council wants to know who are those impostors that make an appeal on behalf of the Abkhaz people to the Volunteer Army.  The  Abkhaz People’s Council declares them as traitors and states that the evidence given in the Memorandum doesn’t correspond to reality; 6) to inform the allies about this Resolution through the Democratic Republic of Georgia”.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 436-437)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
29 April 1919
Heard
The report by the representative of the Government I.S. Ramishvili:
on the current activity and the situation in Abkhazia.
Decided:
To set up commission composed of N.B. Ramishvili, N.G. Khomeriki, Ev.P. Gegechkori and entrust it with the task of elaborating, together with Ir. Ramishvili, the proposals on relations with Abkhazia and submit them to the Government.
Chairman of the Government – N. Zhordania
Head of Government’s Administration – K. Japaridze
Secretary – Lomtatidze
Authentic with original. Clerk – signed
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 211, p. 140)


THE LAW on certain measures for strengthening the state revenues
(…)
1. To introduce a non-recurrent tax fro 1919.
2. Non-recurrent tax applies to the lands that are the subject of state and land taxation, except the pastures and forests.
3. The amount of a single tax for the whole village is determined by the inspector upon the following rule: average amount of tax for dessiatina that is indicated in the attached list shall be multiplied by relevant dessiatina that is specified in land register.
4. The total tax determined for the village will be distributed among land-owners according to the space and land-quality or the income within the village.  The village commissar shall submit the protocol on the tax distribution to the Tax-inspector.
7.  The 3/5th of  from the district and county income shall be transferred to the state treasury and the  2/5th – to the revenues of the same district or county.
27 May 1919
The original is signed by:
Senior Comrade of the Chairman
of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia Al. Lomtatidze.
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Collection of Laws and Decrees adopted by the Government, #9, 1919, p.136-140)

LIST
A single tax introduced to Dessiatina of land

# #

Name of District and County



Amount of tax introduced to one Dessiatina of Land

comment



Dry land

Vineyard
Fruit
bay leaf
Tobacco Plant.



1 categ.
2 categ
3 categ
1 categ
1 categ
3 categ





(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)

88.
Sukhumi Okrug
125
105
50
90
70
40
120
80
125

 
(Collection of Laws and Decrees adopted by the Government, #9, 1919, p.142)

Addition to Article 203 of the Tax-Regulation
the Chart for calculating the land-tax




Name of place
One Dessiatina in roubles
Note

vineyard fruit orchard and veget.
Tobacco plants
Irrigated Land
Dry lands and hay-lands
pastures Forests

(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)

Sukhumi Okrug
750
1650
_
280
23

 
The original is signed by:
Senior Comrade of the Chairman
of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia Al. Lomtatidze
Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Collection of Laws and Decrees adopted by the Government, #9, 1919, p.143)


LAW on Seizure and temporary holding of Real Estate and on its utilization for the state and
public needs Adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the Government of Georgia on
11 July 1919
Extract
If the state runs the business the property was seized for, or right to utilization is decided, the state shall pay 100 000 roubles to the property owner before seizure if the value of property or damage  exceeds 100 000 roubles, and the rest of amount shall be paid no later that within a year from the day of seizure in equal portions together with the profit specified for in Article 10.
If the business is run by city or society and the value of property or damage exceeds 75 000 roubles - in Tbilisi, 50 000 roubles – in Kutaisi, Poti and Sukhumi, and 25 000 roubles – in other towns and districts, the owners shall receive 75 000 roubles before seizure in Tbilisi and 25 000 roubles in other towns and districts.  The rest of money will be paid within 6 years  from the day of seizure in equal portions together with the profit specified for in Article 10.
(Collection of Legal Acts of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, p. 308)


REPORT OF THE SESSION OF THE  PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF ABKHAZIA of 21 July 1919.
(…)
Chairman: the draft by the Commissariat  got 21 votes, the draft by the Commission of majority – 15 votes, so, the decision is not adopted.
Upon proposal of Marghania (Independent socialist) the personal voting was held, that showed the following results: for the draft by the Commissariat  – 20 votes; for the draft by the Commission of majority – 14 votes.
Chairman: 20 deputies voted in favour of the draft by the Commissariat  out of 34 present, i.e. less than 2/3 of the present, therefore the decision is not adopted again.
(Sealed)
Authentic with original: Head of Chancellery of the People’s Council of Abkhazia
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 20, p. 178)


DRAFT BY THE COMMISSARIAT OF ABKHAZIA. CONSTITUTION of the autonomous Abkhazia
General provisions
1.  Abkhazia enters the Democratic Republic of Georgia as autonomous entity; it is independent in the sphere of legislation and management if otherwise is not provided by this Constitution.
2. The official language on the territory of Abkhazia shall be Russian.
3.  Abkhazia shall have Representation at the parliament of Georgia proportionate of its population to the number of Georgian population.
4. The deputies from Abkhazia at the Parliament of Georgia shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by a secret ballot; Abkhazia represents the separate electoral district.
5. Plenipotentiary representative on Abkhaz Affairs shall be present at the Government of Georgia.  
6. Plenipotentiary representative of the Government of Georgia shall be present at the Abkhaz Government.
7. Abkhazia shall exercise its autonomous rights in the sphere of legislation through the  Abkhaz People’s Council and in the sphere of management – through the Commissariat of Abkhazia.
8. The common affairs of state importance of Georgia and Abkhazia shall be within the competence of the Parliament and Government of Georgia; the other affairs in the sphere of legislation, as well as of internal management shall be exclusively under the competence of the People’s Council and the Government of Abkhazia.
9.  The affairs of state importance are as follows:
a) Criminal, civil and common social law.
b) Foreign affairs; trade agreements with the foreign countries.
c) Currency system and state finances.
d) Customs affairs.
e) Post and telegraph.
f)  Army.
g) Judiciary.
h) Railway.
10.  The issues of foreign affairs that concern the direct interests of the Autonomous Abkhazia shall be agreed between Georgia and Abkhazia.
11. Georgia and Abkhazia represent common customs and trade territory with the common customs border and unified customs duties.
12. The military forces in Abkhazia shall be formed on the common basis with Georgia, but with respect of territorial principle of recruitment and they shall serve for Abkhazia except during the martial law.  These military forces shall subordinate to the military laws of Georgia and the military leadership of Georgia.  Withdrawal of military units from the territory of Abkhazia during peace-time shall be carried out only upon the special decree issued by the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  Presence of other military formations on the territory of Abkhazia during the peace-time is admissible only upon consent of the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
13. Expenditures and revenues for the common affairs and for the managing organiza2) to decide the issues relating to the loans, taxes, duties, uncollected fees of the Autonomous Abkhazia;
14. Autonomous Abkhazia is independent in other affairs; the following affairs shall be within the authority of its legislative and governmental institutions:
a) legislation on every issue, except of those provided for in Article 9 (a),
also the legislation on the issues that are not in contradiction with the common-state laws;
b) local agrarian legislation;
c) local finances (budget, cash-flow, taxes, taxation, loans and others);
d) management of state property and natural resources of Abkhazia;
e) public education;
f)  agencies of local self-governance (district and city);
g) Mediator judges;
h) administration;
i) health care and sanitary;
j) roads of local importance, granting concession to them and others.
About legislative power
15. The  People’s Council of Abkhazia is the legislative organ of the Autonomous Abk­ha­-  zia, which shall be elected on the basis of universal, equal, direct and proportional suffrage by secret ballot for a term of 2 years; A citizen, who attained the age of 20, has the right to vote.
16.  The People’s Council shall adopt the Electoral Law on the basis of previous Article and determine the number of deputies.
17.  The People’s Council shall determine the composition of the Presidium and follow the guidelines elaborated by the Council.
18.  The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall examine the legitimacy of the elected deputies and approve the election results.
19.  The  People’s Council of Abkhazia is inviolable and no government has the right to dissolve it; but the Council may adopt the decision on its pre-term dissolution and on holding the new elections.
20.  The members of the People’s Council shall not be prosecuted on the account of the ideas and opinions expressed by them while performing their duties.
21.  Arrest of a member of Council shall be permissible only by the consent of the Legislative Assembly, except in the cases when he/she is caught  flagrante delicto.
22. The members of the council may be brought to the court only upon the decision made by the Council and the proceedings shall be carried out in accordance of the court’s jurisdiction.
23.  The remuneration for the members of the Council shall be determined by law.
24.  The members of the Council shall not be authorized to take the office upon appointment of the Government.
25.  The members of the Government may attend the sessions of the People’s Council and participate in discussions, but they participate in the voting only if they are the members of the Council.
26.  Sittings of the Council shall be public; the Council shall be entitled to declare a sitting thereof closed while discussing a particular issue.
27.  No one shall have the right to enter the session hall, either the building of the  Abkhaz People’s Council with the fire-arm.  The guards and military forces may be invited upon decision of the Council, or, in special circumstances – under the decree issued by the Presidium.
28.  The following issues fall within the authority of the People’s Council of Abkhazia:
1) to discuss and approve the draft-law;
2) to decide the issues relating to the loans, taxes, duties, uncollected fees of the Autonomous Abkhazia;
3) to discuss and approve the budget;
4) to discuss the report on budget implementation;
5) to elect the Chairman of the Commissariat of Abkhazia;
6) to decide the issues relating to the alienation of state property and expropriation of private property for the state needs;
7)  also the affairs and issues that Council considers to retain under its authority and denies to transfer them to the Government.
29.  The legislative initiative is the authority of the Abkhaz Government and the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
30.  The draft-laws and the proposals shall be submitted by the relevant government members to the Council.  Each deputy also may submit the draft-law or proposal to the Council, but it shall be signed by five members of the Council.
31.  The draft-law or proposal may be revoked if there was no final voting on it.
32. None of the draft-laws or proposals completely rejected by the People’s Council shall be submitted again without changes during the same session.
33. The sitting of the People’s Council is legitimate if more than a half of its members are present.
34. Decision of the People’s Council shall be adopted by the simple majority except the issues on changing the Constitution.
35. In case of equal number of votes the proposed draft-law shall be considered rejected.
36.  The budget shall be submitted to the People’s Council for discussion every year wit­hin the terms specified by the Council, which actually determines the start of the budgetary year.
37.  If for some reason the budget is not discussed at the beginning of a fiscal year, the previous budget shall remain in force.
38.  None of the loans of the Autonomous Abkhazia shall be concluded without consent of the People’s Council.
39.  The first sitting of the people’s Council shall be held within two weeks after the elections organized by the Commissariat; the People’s Council shall be convened for a new session by the Presidium of the previous session.
40.  In case of emergency between the session terms the Commissariat of Abkhazia is authorized to convene the extraordinary session.
41.  All of the laws adopted by the People’s Council of Abkhazia, as well as the laws adopted by the Parliament of Georgia on the common-state affairs shall be published in the official gazette of the People’s Council and come into force within a week after it has been published unless the term of entry is otherwise defined.
Executive power
42. The supreme executive organ of Abkhazia shall be the Commissariat of Abkhazia, which is accountable to the People’s Council and its composition shall be determined by the People’s Council.
43. The Commissariat of Abkhazia shall be set up by a person, who is elected by The  People’s Council of Abkhazia l and enters the Commissariat as its Chairman.
44.  The Commissars of Abkhazia are accountable for their performance and instructions.
45.  The supreme representatives of executive power and the public servants take an oath on dedication to the Constitution before taking the position in a form specified for.
46.  Appointment, replacement and dismissal of local public authorities shall be carried out by the Commissariat of Abkhazia, and for the common-state officials – by the Government of Georgia but under the consent of the Commissariat of Abkhazia.
47.  The members of the Commissariat of Abkhazia are accountable only to the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
48.  Every public official is liable to the criminal and civil law for the offenses committed by them while performing their duties.
About judiciary (courts)
49.  The judiciary function shall be carried out by persons and organizations that are not subordinate to the executive power; the judges are irremovable unless otherwise is specified by law.  It’s inadmissible to combine administrative and judiciary functions in one institution or in one person.
Rights and responsibilities of citizens
50.  Every citizen of Abkhazia is equal to the law and no one has the right to violate the law or justify his/her action on the ground of not knowing the law.
51. Any privilege or restriction relating to the social belonging, sex, ethnic origin and religion, as well as the ranks and decorations are annulled.
52.  Everyone arrested in the cities of Abkhazia or other places where the judicial power is established shall be brought before competent court within 24 hours, and if a person in arrested in other places – within 3 days; if the court fails to adjudicate upon the detention, the individual shall immediately be released.
53.  The citizens shall have the right to freedom of assembly and association, as well as of free movement, trade and entrepreneurial activity according the rules provided for by the laws of Abkhazia.
54.  Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of conscience; no one shall be persecuted for religious convictions.
55. Everyone’s life and place of residence shall be inviolable. No one shall be subject of arrest or search otherwise than it is specified for by the law.
56.  The personal correspondence shall be inviolable.
57.  Everyone shall have the right to freedom of speech, press and petition.
58.  The law on citizenship, as well as the conditions and rules for acquisition of the right to citizenship shall be under the competence of the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
59.  In case of discord between the  Abkhaz People’s Council and the Parliament and Government of Georgia in application of this Constitution to the common-state affairs, the issue shall be submitted to the conciliating commission, which consists of the equal number of representatives of the Parliament of Georgia and the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  The decision adopted by the mixed Commission shall be submitted to the Parliament of Georgia and the  Abkhaz People’s Council for approval.
60. The representative of the Government of Georgia shall have authorization at the Government of Abkhazia if he/she foresees the violation of this Constitution in proposals and draft-laws submitted to the  Abkhaz People’s Council in prejudice of the Republic of Georgia; his/her arguments shall be submitted to the Council.  If the Council fails to reach the agreement, the issue shall be submitted to the Commission pursuant to the rule provided for in Article 59.  The decisions adopted by the Council shall not come into force unless such procedure is completed.
Revision, changing and approval of the Constitution.
61.  The Constitution may be revised at any time, in whole or partially.
62.  The partial revision of the Constitution shall be considered as changing or annulment of one or more Articles, or adding the new provision; the revision of the whole of Constitution  represents its replacement by the new Constitution.
63.  The partial revision of the Constitution shall be carried out though the normal legislative procedures upon the request of five deputies of the People’s Council of three thousand electors; the initiators of the revision shall submit the draft of general comments on the changing of Constitution.
64.  The revision of the whole Constitution shall be carried out upon the request of not less than 10 members of the People’s Council or six thousand electors.  The public initiative may be submitted in a form of general comments or in a detailed draft.
65.  The issue on the revision of the Constitution shall be decided at the sitting of the People’s Council attended not less than 2/3 of its members and it shall be deemed to be adopted if 2/3 of present members endorse it.
Concluding provisions
66.  The draft-Constitution adopted by the People’s Council shall be submitted to the conciliating commission pursuant to the rule provided for in Article 59; it shall come into force after the Parliament of Georgia, as well as the  Abkhaz People’s Council has approved the decision adopted by the conciliating commission.
67.  The provisions of the Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia, upon endorsement by the  Abkhaz People’s Council and the Constituent Assembly of Georgia, shall be included in the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
68. None of the laws, resolutions or decrees that contravene to the Constitutional provisions shall be published by anyone and they may not have any legal force in Abkhazia.
The head of Chancellery of the People’s Council of Abkhazia: signed
Round Seal of the People’s Council of Abkhazia
(21 July 1919)
(Avtandil Menteshashvili, Historical Preconditions of the Current Separatizm in Georgia, p. 82-89)


LAW on Military Obligation and Recruitment to the Military Forces
Article 1.  The military obligation is universal and personal for every citizen of the Republic.
Note: this Article doesn’t apply to Muslims and Dukhobors.
Article 2.  Every citizen of the Republic, but the exceptions specified for in the law, from the age of 20 to 45 shall discharge the military obligation.
Individuals, which are the subject to discharge the military obligation but do not fit to combatant service, shall be called-up to the Army at the positions relevant to their physical condition or profession.
Note: the Government may apply this Article to Dukhobors.
(…)
29 July 1919
The Senior Comrade of the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Al. Lomtatidze
Deputy Chairman of the Government of Georgia Evg. Gegechkori
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 49, p. 28)


DECREE ISSUED BY THE COMMISSARIAT OF ABKHAZIA on management of the Ortho-
dox Church
The Commissariat of Abkhazia adopted the decision at the session of 1 September 1919:
1. The Cathedral in Sukhumi, the residence of clergyman and the building of the former educational council shall be declared as the property of the Autonomous Abkhazia.
2. The position of Sukhumi archimandrite shall be considered vacant and the measures shall be taken to appoint there the permanent and independent bishop.
3. Before the bishop is elected, the Head of Orthodox Churches of Abkhazia shall be appointed with the residence in Sukhumi.
4. The Head shall be authorized: to replace, appoint and dismiss the clergymen; to examine the monasteries and other church institutions; to establish eparchy at their own discretion.
5. To provide the Head with the residential place of archimandrite and the premises, which previously were at disposal of Sukhumi bishop.
6. To render to the Head the authority on personal management of archimandrite’s house and Dranda Monastery.
7. To entrust the acting Commissar of Internal Affairs I. N. Lortkipanidze with the task of implementing this decision.
Chairman of the Commissariat D. Emukhvari
Acting Commissar of Internal Affairs I. Lortkipanidze
Authentic with original:
Clerk of the Commissariat: K Chanturia (signed)
5 September 1919, Sukhumi
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 450-451; CSHAG, f. 1863, desc. 1, file 707, p. 2)


MINUTES OF THE SITTING OF THE COMMISSARIAT OF ABKHAZIA    
3 September 1919
Attended: Chairman of the Commissariat D.K. Emukhvari; Commissar of the Internal Affairs, Education and Justice I.N. Lordkipanidze; Clerk of the Commissariat K.G. Chanturia.
Heard: on taking the vacant position of the Head of Abkhaz Churches.
Decided: to appoint archimandrite John as the acting Head of the Abkhaz Orthodox Churches from September 1 retaining at him his current position.
Chairman of the Commissariat: D. Emukhvari
For the  Commissar of  Internal Affairs, Education and Justice I. Lordkipanidze
Authentic with original:
Clerk of the Commissariat K. Chanturia
5 September 1919, Sukhumi
(CSHAG, f. 1863, desc. 1, file 707, p. 3)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
18 September 1919
Heard:
Report by the Chairman of the Commissariat of Abkhazia: on the delegation sent by the  Abkhaz People’s Council and its further activities.
Decided:
1.  The Constitutional Commission sent by the  Abkhaz People’s Council shall meet the Presidium of the Constituent Assembly and ask for discussion of the Constitution of Abkhazia at the earliest possibility.
2.  To inform the Chairman of the  Abkhaz People’s Council that the representatives of independent group may participate in the work of the Constitutional Commission by the deliberative vote, as Georgian Government is not authorized to hold the negotiations with the individuals having no authorization from the People’s Council.  At the same time the Government considers necessary to hear them in order to get the comprehensive idea about vision of the population and different groups of Abkhazia.
For the Chairman of the Government N. Ramishvili
Head of Government Chancellery – K. Japaridze
Secretary – Didebulidze
Authentic with original: clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938, desc. 1, file 294, p. 23)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
4 October 1919
The report delivered by the Delegation on certain urgent measures that shall be carried out before elaboration of the General Constitution.
Decided:
Having heard the report by the Delegation of the  Abkhaz People’s Council and the vision of the Constitutional Commission of the Constituent Assembly on certain measures for regulating the state life of Abkhazia, the Government of the Republic considers necessary to take the following steps:
1. The Constitutional Commission of the Constituent Assembly shall identify the special commission from its composition including there the representatives of the Constitutional Commission of the  Abkhaz People’s Council on equal footing (the same delegation).  The work done by this mixed Commission shall be submitted to the Constitutional Commission of the Constituent Assembly and later (through this Commission) to the Constituent Assembly.
For the Chairman of the Government Evg. Gegechkori
Head of Chancellery of the Government K. Japaridze
Secretary – D. Didebulidze
Authentic with original: (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938; desc. 1, file 294, p. 37)

EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SESSION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
14 October 1919
Heard: the Reports by the Chairman of the Government:
b) The draft-regulations on the major competence of Abkhazia elaborated by the parity Commission.
Decided: To endorse in general the draft-regulations on the major competence of Abkhazia.  To advise the parity Commission to deliberate the wording of provisions regarding the Agrarian legislation through discussions with the Head of Agrarian Agency.
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc. 1, file 1243, p. 2)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
4 November 1919
Heard
The reports by the Ministry of Military Affairs:
c) on release from discharging the military obligations of Abkhazs, regardless their different religious affiliation and on rendering them the right to serve as volunteers.
Decided:
To suspend temporarily the application of Article 1 of the Law on Military Obligations and Recruitment to the Military Forces to the Abkhazs and instead render them the right to serve as volunteers.
Chairman of the Government – N. Zhordania
Head of Government’s Chancellery – K. Japaridze
Secretary – Lomtatidze
Authentic with original – clerk (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1938, des.1, file 294, p. 73)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SESSION OF THE  PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF ABKHAZIA – discussion with regard of introducing Georgian language at schools.
18 November 1919
V. Anchabadze . . . I know very well that the knowledge of state language is vital important for the public law.  We all agreed that Abkhazia was a part of Georgia as it was declared on 20 March, but they don’t want to make a logical conclusion that learning of Georgian language proceeds from this fact.  Some of deputies meet this issue with certain irritation. We all know that Abkhazia is international country but comprehensive application of Georgian language shall be met with a due understanding.  This issue has its practical meaning.  We are teaching Russian, German and other languages – why?, because it’s good to know the language of your neighbors from the point of cultural and economic interests. No one objects to learning of German.  What language shall we learn, if not Georgian?  This is a language of neighboring nation we linked our destiny with.  When you are against this language, you just don’t understand the principles of the public law.  When you support the application of this language, you understand necessity of its application at our schools. The state language shall be taught – this is axiomatic.
I. Pashalidi. . . I didn’t want to speak about this issue but the deputy Marghania said that I also spoke Georgian.  If he mentioned the Greek language, I could understand him, but here we have discussion about Georgian language. None of languages shall be compulsory in the democratic society.  I first heard this vision from deputy Marghania.  Maybe they are teaching Georgian in a covert manner. Commissariat could introduce Georgian instead of Russian, but it would be the violation of agreement.  Not teaching, the learning is the issue.  Such request has no ground.  The teaching is in Russian, Georgian is a state language – this is evident. It’s crystal clear that introduction of a state language is the absolute necessity.  Why is the Commissariat guilty?  You say – the Decree wasn’t introduced to the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  Where do you see the violation of Council’s rights? If the future generations have a good command in Georgian, is that a violation? if we spoke about Chinese language (laughing) I hope you had no questions.
Lortkipanidze (Commissar of Public Education).  I think that there is some misunderstanding.  It is not enough to say – I’m not against in general.  There is a French proverb: “the tune creates the music”.  Let me reiterate  - there is no imposition at all.  You insisted to introduce Georgian and now you claim why we did a good job without you.  This is a formal side of this issue.  I say again that Georgian is not a foreign language in Abkhazia.  I’ve mentioned already that 1/3 of the population considers Georgian as a native language.  First time I hear that Mengrelians are not Georgian.  Even these local Mengrelians and Abkhazs consider Georgian as the native language and use it as a language of instruction at the primary schools.  What did we do? I’ve already mentioned that it is necessary to introduce Georgian language at the high schools and after third year at gymnasium if we would like to establish the schools of a new type.  If we had done it without you, you would have been right.  It was said that we had violated some agreement.  The agreement is about teaching and paper-work language.  So far Russian is this language.  If we had introduced Georgian as a language of instruction, your question would have had the ground… If you find necessary the learning of Georgia, you have to prove it.  I say again – it’s not the imposition of learning of a foreign language, it’s the issue of learning of a state language.  You have to agree that we were right.
Chairman.  Please put forward your proposals.
I. Pashalidi.  On behalf of the Faction of Social Democrats I would like to propose the Resolution.  Having heard the explanation by the Commissar of Education on introduction of Georgian language, the  Abkhaz People’s Council finds this explanation satisfactory and starts discussing the next issue.
Chairman: there are no other proposals.
Tarnava (special group).  I admit that it’s necessary to introduce Georgian as a language of instruction at schools in Abkhazia, but at the same time the  Abkhaz People’s Council expresses its protest to the arbitrary decision adopted by the Commissariat and refrains from sanctioning this law.
The voting was in favour of the first proposal.  
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – the Historical Region of Georgia, p. 454-456)

EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE SESSION OF THE PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF ABKHAZIA
28 November 1919
The financial-economic crisis in Abkhazia has reached the catastrophic edge. The private initiative takes rather chaotic character.  The chemical productions, as well as tobacco enterprises are facing the great difficulties. As a result of the aforementioned the local democracy and the population is in a grave situation.  The local democratic institutions –  Abkhaz People’s Council and its executive body – the Commissariat, as well as the local economic agencies and self-governance bodies fail to fulfill their tasks.  The urgent and decisive measures are necessary to improve the situation.
Proceeding from the aforementioned, the People’s Council of Abkhazia, the local legislative organ considers the following steps to be taken in order to promote the issues relating to the cultural-economic development of Abkhazia:
1. To permit the Commissariat of Abkhazia to export in foreign countries not less than 50 000 pood (1 pood=16,38 kg.) of tobacco leaf, nuts and wine.
2. To permit the Commissariat of Abkhazia to produce and export the wood.
3. To give the right to the Commissariat to monopolize the maize, hay, bean and pork production.
4. The government of the Republic of Georgia shall provide the loan of 10 million roubles with the right to cover it in equal portions from the year of 1922.
5. To regulate the public-values, lands and cultural enterprises located on the territory of Abkhazia, which are now almost deteriorated.
6. The production on behalf of the state shall be under the competence of the Commissariat of Abkhazia;  the Commissariat shall base its operation on the local democratic government – the public and city governing agencies.
Once again we reiterate that the aforementioned measures are necessary for promoting the cultural-economic condition in Abkhazia, which is the autonomous part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.  For negotiating of these issues with the Government, the  Abkhaz People’s Council nominates the delegation composed of the following representatives: V. G. Gurjua, M. I. Berulava, M. I. Tarnava, I. N. Marghania and G. K. Kvaratskhelia.
The mentioned delegation is authorized to negotiate the aforementioned items with the Government of the Republic of Georgia.
At the same time, the  Abkhaz People’s Council asks the representative of the Government of Georgia I. I. Ramishvili for assistance to this delegation.
Original with relevant signatures. (Sealed).
Authentic with original: Head of Chancellery of the People’s Council of Abkhazia. (Signed).
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc.1, file 645, p. 7; ibidem, f. 1862, desc. 2, file 120, p. 29)

DECREE on assigning 200 000 rubles as the scholarship for Muslim pupils of Georgia, as
well as for the pupils of Abkhazia, Svaneti and other remote regions of Georgia
1. To assign two hundred thousand (200 000) roubles from the state treasury at disposal of the Minister of Public Education as the scholarship for Muslim pupils of Georgia, as well as for the pupils of Abkhazia, Svaneti and other remote regions of Georgia.
2. To entrust the Minister of Public Education with the task of elaborating the general rules and norms for distribution of scholarship mentioned in Article 1.
3. This Decree shall come into force after its adoption by the Constituent Assembly.
13 December 1919
The original is signed by:
Comrade of the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia l. Lomtatidze
The Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia N. Zhordania
(Collection of Laws and Decrees adopted by the Government, #22, 1920, p. 427)


EXTRACT EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
20 December 1919
Heard:
The report by the Minister of Agriculture:
a) Interim Regulations on Agrarian Reforms and state-land management in Abkhazia.
Decided:
To approve the Interim Regulations submitted by the Minister of Agriculture
Chairman of the Government N. Zhordania
Head of Chancellery of the Government: K. Japaridze
Secretary – Lomtatidze
Authentic with original: clerk – (Signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1891, desc.1, file 1243, p. 67)


The Interim Regulations on Agrarian Reforms and the state-land management in Abkhazia.
From now and on, until elaboration of the Constitution of Abkhazia, the following Regulations will be in force for the agrarian reforms:
The Commissariat of Abkhazia shall be authorized to carry out the agrarian reforms and manage the valuable lands in Abkhazia through its Department of Agriculture.
The Head of Agrarian Department and other officials, as well as the managers of the valuable lands shall be appointed by the Commissariat of Abkhazia upon the consent of the Ministry of Agriculture.
1. The Agricultural Department shall submit the reports to the Commissariat of Abkhazia and the monthly reports - to the Ministry of Agriculture.
2. For implementation of agrarian reforms, the target group shall be set up at the Department of Agriculture.
3. The state valued lands shall be received through the speedy procedures by three-member special commission set up by the Department of Agriculture.
Note: for receiving the state lands the sub-commission shall be set up in the same composition.
6. For management of the state valuable lands the Commissariat of Abkhazia shall elaborate the expenditures and economic plans, which shall be submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture.
7. The tax rate from the revenues obtained from the valuable lands shall be determined upon common ground together with other lands without pre-determination of the Commissariat’s share.
8. Agrarian-economic school will be open in one of the state valuable land aimed at raising the agrarian experience among the population.
9. The Department of Agriculture shall carry out the general supervision over the officials working at the experimental horticultural station and local forest department; the information about their activity shall be submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture.
10. The Commissariat of Abkhazia shall submit to the  Abkhaz People’s Council and the Ministry of Agriculture the relevant draft-laws and proposals on the unforeseen issues raised in the course of agrarian reform for further submission to the Government and the Constituent Assembly.
20 December 1919
(CSHAG, f.1861, desc. 1, file 200, p. 1)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
23 December 1919
Heard: the report by the Minister of Finance on introduction the duties to the tobacco exported by the Commissariat of Abkhazia.
Decided:
The duties on tobacco export determined by the Commissariat of Abkhazia shall not be collected from now and on as those duties haven’t been approved by the legislative body.
The Minister of Finance shall draw-up the relevant letter to the Commissariat of Abkhazia.
The Decision shall come into force before approval of the Gazette.
(CSHAG, f. 1861, desc. 1, file 9, p. 637)


DECREE on assigning three million roubles to the People’s Council of Abkhazia
1. To assign from the state treasury three million (3 000 000) roubles at disposal of the Ministry of Interior as a loan for the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
2. The loan specified for in Article 1 shall be given to the ministry of Interior in certain portions from 1 January 1920 within three months upon the consent of the Ministry of Finances.
3. The Peoples’ Council of Abkhazia shall start recovering the debt from 1 January 1922 therefore paying two hundred and fifty thousand (250 000) roubles on January 1 and July 1, unless the whole debt of 250 000 roubles is recovered.
4. The Decree shall come into force from the day of its adoption by the Constituent Assembly.
31 December 1919
Comrade of the Constituent Assembly Al. Lomtatidze
Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia Evg. Gegechkori
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, #10, 15 January 1920; CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 645, p. 20)
1920

RESOLUTION OF the People’s Council of Abkhazia on the situation in Batumi and
Batumi Oblast adopted by the
19 March 1920
Having discussed the situation of the population of Batumi and Batumi Oblast, the People’s Council of Abkhazia at its session on 19 March – on the first anniversary of its existence, unanimously decided to make the following appeal to the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Georgia and to the High Commissioner of Great Britain to Antanta:  The  Abkhaz People’s Council always considered the Brest-Lithuanian Peace-Agreement as a devastating factor to the democratic developments; under this Agreement the part of the Trans-Caucasus, together with Batumi was given to the despotic regime of Turkey, which fortunately so far failed to rule-out this historically Georgian province.  In early 1918 when Batumi fell down, as well as now the population of Abkhazia and the  People’s Council of Abkhazia realize the political and economic significance of the oblast and city for the Democratic Republic and having the benefit from the peaceful coexistence with the Democratic Georgia, stand ready to apply every possible means together with the rest of population of Georgia to bring this region back to the Republic and reunite forcibly separated Batumi Oblast with Georgia.
For the Chairman – T. Kvaratskhelia
Secretary – K. Akirtava
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 457-458)


DECREE on assigning one million roubles every month for the needs of the Commissariat
of Abkhazia
1. To assign from the state treasury from 1 January until 1 June of 1920 one million roubles at disposal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for covering the expenses of the Commissariat of Abkhazia.
2. This Decree shall come into force form the day of its adoption by the Constituent Assembly.
Comrade of the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Al. Lomtatidze
Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia Evg. Gegechkori
6 April 1920
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika“, N 82, 15 April 1920)


TREATY BETWEEN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA  AND THE RUSSIAN
SOCIALIST SOVIET FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC
May 7, 1920
The Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Russian Socialist Soviet Federation Republic animated by a common desire to establish stable and peaceful relations between the two countries, in order to assure the well-being of the populations of the respective countries have for that purpose decided to conclude a special treaty, and have appointed as plenipotentiaries:
the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia – Mr. Gregoire Ourotadze, and the government of the Russian Socialist Soviet Republic – Mr. Leon Mikhailovich Karakhan, Assistant Commissar of Foreign Affairs, who after communicating to each other their full powers found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following articles:
Article I
Based on the right proclaimed by the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic of all peoples to fully dispose of themselves to the extent of and including total withdrawal from the state of which they form a part, Russia recognizes without reservations the independence and the sovereignty of the Georgian State, and voluntarily renounces all sovereign rights which belonged to Russia with respect to the Georgian people and territory.
Article II
Based on the principles proclaimed in the foregoing Article I Russia agrees to renounce all intervention in the internal affairs of Georgia.
Article III
1. The state boundary between Georgia and Russia runs from the Black Sea, along the Psou River to Mount Akhakhtcha, crosses Mount Akhakhtcha and Mount Agapet, follows the southern boundary of the former Black Sea Governments Koutais and Tiflis, to the Zakataly district and the eastern boundary of the said district to the Armenian frontier.
2. All the passes situated on the above-mentioned boundary line are declared neutral until January 1, 1922. They can neither be occupied by the troops of either of the said parties.
3. As regards Darial pass ,neutralization provided for in paragraph 2 of the present article will apply to that part of the hill comprised between Balta and Kobi to Mamisson pass; from Zaramag to Oni; and, to all the other passes, for a distance of five versts on each side of the boundary line.
4. The exact direction of the state boundary between the two contracted parties will be determined by a special joint boundary commission, composed of an equal number of representatives of each party. The results of the work of this commission will be embodied in a special treaty to be concluded between the two contracting parties.
Article IV
1. In addition to those parts of the Black Sea Government awarded to Georgia by a provisions of paragraph 1 of Article III of the present treaty, Russia agrees, without reservations, to recognize as being comprised in the Georgian State the following governments and regions of the former Russian Empire: Tiflis Koutais, and Batum, with all the districts forming the said governments and regions, and also the Zakataly and Soukhoum districts.
2. As soon as relations are established hereafter between Georgia and states of other than Russia-states already existing or that may be formed subsequently and bordering Georgia by other frontiers than those defined in Article III of the present treaty, Russia declares herself ready to recognize as belonging to Georgia such or much other part of the former vice royalty of Caucasus as may accrue to her by a virtue of treaties concluded with these states.
Article V
Acceding to Russia’s demand to effect that there shall not be tolerated henceforth any military operations, quartering of troops , nor any other acts likely to create a situation on Georgian territory which might threaten her independence or be capable of transforming Georgia’s territory into a base of operations directed against the public order there established, Georgia agrees:
1. To immediately disarm and intern in consecration camps on military or naval units, departments, and groups having pretension to the role of Government of Russia or of her allies- who may be on Georgia territory at the time of the signature of the present Treaty or who may subsequently enter her territory.
2. To immediately disarm and intern the naval vessels belonging to the organizations and groups mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present article, which may be in the ports of Georgia, and also any vessels, which for any reason whatsoever may be in these parts at the disposal other said organizations and groups, The provisions of paragraph 1 of the present article apply in their entirely to the crews of the said vessels.
3. To hand over to Russia without charge, and with out demanding any compensations all, military and naval supplies without exception, all securities and funds which may be on the possession, enjoyment, or at the disposal of the organizations and groups mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present article, and which in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 of the same Article, are to be placed at Georgia’s disposal. By the terms of the present paragraph the following shall be considered as military and naval war materials: Vessels and other floating material; all artillery, commissary (including stocks of provisions and equipment), engineering, and aviation material in general.
4. To deliver to Russia, after disarmament, the units, organizations, and groups, as well as the crews, mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present article.
Note: Russia agrees to spare the lives of all those who may be delivered to her in accordance with the present article.
5. To take measures to send away from the Georgian territory comprised within the boundaries fixed by Article IV of the present treaty all troops and military detachments not forming part of the national troops of Georgia.
6. To take steps to forbid the sojourning hereafter on Georgian territory of the troops and military detachments mentioned in paragraph 1 of the present Article.
7. To forbid any person belonging  to the units, organizations and groups enumerated in paragraphs 1 and 5 of the present article, in so far as said persons are not of Georgian nationality, to enter, in any capacity whatsoever, among others, as volunteers, the troops of the Government of Georgia.
8. Not to permit henceforth the formation and sojourn on her territory within the boundaries fixed in Article IV of the present Treaty, of any troops and organizations pretending to the role of Government of Russia or any part thereof, or to the  role of Government of Russia or that of her allies; Georgia also agrees not to permit the transportation by the above-mentioned organizations, groups, representations, and functionaries across Georgian territory, of anything that could be utilized to attack Russia or her allies , and also to prohibit the sojourn in her ports and waters of vessels and other floating material belonging to the said organizations, except in the case of vessels in distress and other cases provided for by international law.
9. In case the organizations, groups, representatives, or functionaries mentioned in the foregoing paragraph 8 of the present Article should attempt to violate the interdiction stipulated in the said paragraph 8, proceeding will be taken with respect to the persons and property that the Georgian Government undertakes to arrest in accordance with the terms of paragraph 8 of the present Article as stipulated in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the said Article.
Article VI
Russia agrees not to permit on her territory the sojourn and the activity of any group or organization pretending to her role of the Government o Georgia, or any part of thereof, nor of any group and organization seeking to overthrow the Government of Georgia. Russia agrees to use all her influence with her allies to the end that the groups and organizations mentioned in the present Article shall not be admitted to this territory.
Article VII
In order to avoid any misunderstanding , the two contracting parties agree that at the time of the execution of paragraph 5 and 6 of Article V of the present Treaty in the parts of the territory accruing to Georgia by the terms of paragraph 2 of Article  IV of the said Treaty, after the delimitation of the frontiers of Georgia and neighboring countries other than Russia, the necessary measures of security in these cases shall be taken by Georgia within the shortest possible time, once she shall have assumed formal exercise of her sovereignty in such or such of the said territories.
Article VIII
A joint commission, composed of an equal number of representatives of each party hereto, shall be appointed to see to the strict enforcement of Articles V and VI of the present Treaty and to the delivery and reception of the persons and property stipulated in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the said Article V. The commission shall itself determine its method of procedure. The delivery and the reception of the persons and property specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the said Article V of the present Treaty shall be affected within a period of two months from the date of the signature of the said Treaty.
Article IX
1. Persons of Georgian origin, residing on Russian territory, and having reached the age of 18 years, shall have the right to choose Georgian nationality. Likewise, persons, not of Georgian origin, residing on Georgian territory, and having attained the age above mentioned, shall be entitled to opt for Russian nationality.
2. The details relative to the enforcement of the present Article shall be embodied in a special agreement to be concluded between the two contracting parties.
3. The nationals of the two contracting parties, who desire to take advantage of the rights conferred on them by the provisions of the present Article, shall be required to comply with the formalities to which they are subjected, within one year from the date of the coming into force of the convention mentioned in the foregoing paragraph 2.
Article X
Georgia agrees to release from penalties imposed and from administrative or legal prosecution, all persons subject to such proceeding on Georgian territory, because of acts committed in the interest of the Russian Socialist Soviet Republic or the interest of the Communist party.
Note: Georgia agrees to release immediately all persons imprisoned for the above-mentioned acts.
Article XI
Each of the contracting parties agrees to recognize and to respect the flag and the arms of the other party hereto, as being the emblem of a friendly state. The designs of the flags and the arms, as well as any changes that may subsequently be made therein, shall be communicated to the respective parties through diplomatic channels.
Article XII
Pending the conclusions between the two contracting parties, of a treaty of ecommerce, the necessary measures for which will be taken as soon as possible, the economic relations between Georgia and Russia shall be regulated provisionally in accordance with the following general arrangement:
1. The two contracting parties lay down, as the basis of the commercial relations, the principle of the most favored nation.
2. Goods whose origin or destination is one of the contracting parties shall not be subjected by the other party to any duty or transit tax.
Article XIII
The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the foregoing Article XII shall serve as the basis of the treaty of commerce which is to be concluding between the contracting parties, in accordance with the terms of the said Article XII.
Article XIV
Diplomatic and consular relations between Georgia and Russia shall be established as soon as possible. Pending the conclusion by the two contracting parties of a special convention regulating the law relative to consult of the respective contracting parties, the necessary measures for the drafting of which will be taken, the rights of obligations of the said officials shall be determined by the rules in force in that connection with each of the contracting parties.
Article XV
The settlement of questions arising in the domain of public of private rights between the citizens of the two contracting parties and the settlement of certain special questions between the two States shall be entrusted to special Russo – Georgian joint commissions, which shall be appointed as soon as possible after the signature of the present treaty. The compositions, rights and the duties of the said commissions shall be determined by special instructions drawn up for each commission as may be agreed upon by the two contracting parties. The jurisdiction of the said commissions shall extend, among other matters, to the following:
1. Formulation of the Treaty of commerce and other economic agreements.
2. Settlement of questions concerning the distribution of the archives and the disposition of current matters, administration and legal records, and social State documents in the formal central institutions.
3. Settlement of the question of the method of utilization, possession, and disposition of the Batum – Baku pipe line in respect to that part of it which, by virtue of Article IV of the present Treaty is situated on Georgian territory. This question shall be settled ultimately by means of a special agreement between the two contracting parties.
Article XVI
The present Treaty becomes effective from the very fact of its signature, without any special ratification being necessary. In witness where of the plenipotentiaries of the two parties have with their own hands signed the present treaty and affixed thereunto their seals.
Done in duplicate at Moscow on the 7th of May, 1920.
Signatures:
G. Ouratadze.
L. Karakhan.
(Democratic Republic of Georgia. 1918-1921. Three historic documents, p. 101-108)


RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE  PEOPLE’S COUNCIL OF ABKHAZIA on recognition
of the independence of Georgia by Russia
18 May 1920
Having heard the information by the Chairman of the Commissariat on Peace-Agreement concluded with Russia and on the other hand the sad news about attack of the troops of Azerbaijan at the border of the Republic, the Peoples Council of Abkhazia welcomes the attempt of restoring the friendly relations with the Democratic Russia, as well as the measures taken by the Republic for protecting the country from Turkish troops and stand ready to apply every possible means for supporting the extraordinary measures taken by the government.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 459)


MANDATE
21 May 1920
Based on the Decision adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council of 21 May of this year, the bearers of this Mandate: 1) Varlaam Shervashidze; 2) Grigoriy Zukhbai; 3) Dmitriy Zakharov; 4) Dmitriy Emukhvari; 5) Vionor Anchabadze and 6) Mikhail Tarnava shall be sent to Tbilisi as the delegation to participate in elaboration of the Constitution of Abkhazia.
The Delegation is instructed to base its work on the draft-Constitution elaborated by the Council and uphold the maximum of autonomous rights of Abkhazia.
(Avtandil Menteshashvili; Historical Preconditions of the Current Separatism in Georgia, p. 79)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
23 June 1920
(…)
Chaired by Al. Lomtatidze
Secretary K. Japaridze
The discussed issue:
On publication of the law in the language of national minority in addition of the publication in the state language.
(…)
Decision: Having heard the conclusion by the legal commission on application of the member of the Constituent Assembly Paul Bulli, the Presidium considers necessary to declare the following:
The Presidium shares the opinion that every law shall be published in the language understandable to each citizen of the country.
But the question comes how to realize this principle – to deliver the law to each citizen without any discrepancies.
The Legal Commission considers desirable to publish the laws in a language understandable to national minorities and the Government should organize it.
Of course here we mean translation of the laws into the languages of different minorities residing in Georgia, or into one language that is understandable for all of the national minorities.
The Presidium considers impossible to translate and publish  the laws in several languages.
In order to accept the proposal of the Legal Commission, even if the Ossetians and others will not be taken into account the laws shall be translated at least into three languages: Armenian, Azeri and Russian as there are quite large communities of these nations in Georgia.
It goes without saying that the state agency responsible for translation will not be able to provide correct and accurate translation in Armenian and Azery languages.
Problem is not to find interpreter; the translation shall be checked by the authorized official who will take responsibility for accuracy, as well as for proper interpretation of the provisions.
The Presidium considers that at the current state it will not be possible to find such an official.  Without such authorization the translation of laws may lay ground to the misinterpretation of the laws.
As for the Russian language, there is the least impediment in translating.  But in this case the major principle, i.e. translation of laws into the language understandable for all of the national minorities will be unfeasible.  First of all Russians know the Russian language, also some small groups of Armenians and Azeries, i.e. intelligentsia.  But the wider layers of both nations have poor command in Russian and they fail to understand the laws while reading without interpretation into their own language.
Therefore the situation for the most part of the national minorities remains as it was before, i.e. the laws will be published only in the state language.  At the same time it should be mentioned that the workers in the city and the farmers in the villages have better command in Georgian rather than in Russian.
As for translating the laws into Russian for Russians and those minorities who speak Russian, the difficulties still exist but it’s possible to overcome them.
The major obstacle still is the responsibility for accuracy of the translation.
It’s difficult itself to draw up the clear and comprehended law in original and of course the translation is much more difficult.  Therefore translating the laws from one language into another is a risky business.
It’s easy to assume that mistake in translation may lay the ground to misinterpretation and hazy ideas. Consequently we will be facing the breach of legal principles, as well as the deterioration of substantive interests.  Who will be responsible for this?  Of course the state as the state shall be accountable for the conduct of public officials.
Another practical issue also shall be underlined.
The Georgian legislation is rather young yet and the legal language and legal mentality shall pass the long way until they achieve the necessary form and wording.
If in this process of development simultaneously to Georgian the Russian language will be used, which is already developed in this field and has its form, evidently the Georgian language will be oppressed.
Today many of the legal acts are just translated from Russian original and the alien spirit and Russian mentality are vividly demonstrated there. In Georgian they sound rather strange in a form of questions and answers.
If translating the laws into Russian is obligatory, evidently the laws will be written in Russian and the Georgian original actually will be the translation.
Proceeding from the aforementioned the Presidium concludes that the laws shall be published only in the state language, as it is in practice now.
With this the Presidium underlines that distribution of laws in other languages is the business of private publishers.  The National Councils of different nations residing in Georgia may provide a good service to minorities in this issue and the Government should assist the relevant organizations in this endeavour.
Chairman (signed)
Secretary (signed)
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 726, p. 3-5; ibidem, file 712a, p. 231-233)


DRAFT-AGREEMETN of the Parity Commission on the major provisions for the manage-
ment of Abkhazia
1. Abkhazia is the autonomous part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
2. The Autonomous Abkhazia, in addition to the legislative organ and the legislation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia shall have its local legislative Assembly – the  People’s Council of Abkhazia elected through universal, direct and equal elections by secret ballot suffrage.
3. The members of the  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall the same rights and privileges as the members of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia granted them under the Decree of 9 May 1919.
4. Abkhazia shall represent the separate electoral district at the elections of the legislative organ of Georgia and enjoy the proportional representation in this organ.
5. Commissariat on management of Abkhazia shall exercise the executive power in Abkhazia.
6. The terms of convocation and duration of sessions of the People’s Council, as well as the Regulations on executive organ (Commissariat) shall be determined by the People’s Council of Abkhazia.
7.  The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall have the right to initiate the legislation.
8. The members of the People’s Council, representative of the executive power, as well as all the public officials shall take the oath and draw up the warrant on dedication to the laws of the Republic and the Autonomous Abkhazia.
9. The People’s Council shall have the right to adopt the laws on all of the issues, including: domestic affairs, tax and customs system, establishment of common courts and Senate, civil, criminal and national legislation, post, telegraph, railway of a common-state importance.
10. The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall have the right to introduce the taxes, form its own budget and finances established by the law of the Republic.
11. In the sphere of land management the  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall have the right increase or reduce the land taxes and the conditions on rendering the lands to the working class pursuant to the common agrarian laws and Decrees issued by the Republic.
12. The lands, estates, entrails having the common-state status and are not the subject to distribution is the property of the Republic and they shall be managed and utilized by the  Abkhaz People’s Council under general guidance and control of the Central power.
13. The central power of the Republic shall exercise the control through its plenipotentiary representative on compliance of the legal acts and Decrees issued by the  People’s Council of Abkhazia with the common-laws of the Republic.
14. In case of incompatibility of the legal acts and Decrees issued by the Peoples Council of Abkhazia with the laws of the Republic, the Central Government shall be authorized to terminate the validity of those documents within 15 days after publication and submit them to the Senate for discussion.
15. Georgian shall be the general state language in Abkhazia, but the  People’s Council of Abkhazia has the right to introduce the language of instruction at educational establishments and the language of paperwork at the state and public organizations at its own discretion.
16. The rights and responsibilities, as well as the civil rights and freedoms of citizens on the territory of Abkhazia shall be secured under the common laws of the Republic.
Authentic with original: Head of Chancellery of the People’s Council of Abkhazia; sealed.
7 July 1920
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia; Problem of Separatism in Georgia; p. 229-231; CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 865, p. 11)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
of  26 July 1920
The discussed issue:
Application submitted by the Delegation of the  Abkhaz People’s Council on requesting for the following changes to the Constitution: 1) To render the Autonomous Rights to Abkhazia, 2) To render the legislative power to Abkhazia and 3) Administrative arrangement and its management shall be carried out by the autonomous organ of Abkhazia.
Decision:
To submit the proposals to the Constitutional Commission for final conclusion.
Authentic with original
Head of Chancellery – signed
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 33)


DECREE on assigning the loan of 4 000 000 roubles to Sukhumi city governance.
1. To assign from the state treasury the loan of four million (4 000 000) roubles at disposal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Sukhumi City Governance with 3.5 percent of interest for the term of two years.
2. The amount specified for in Article 1 shall be repaid to the state treasury annually by Sukhumi City Governance from the day of issuing the loan through paying the equal portions of interests.
3. The loan provided under this Decree shall be recovered by the City Governance from the revenues obtained through the per-pound taxation.
4. This Decree shall come into force from the day it is adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
10 August 1920
Comrade of the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Al. Lomtatidze
Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Georgia Evg. Gegechkori
(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, N 184, 17 August 1920)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
10 August 1920
The discussed issue:
1. The notification N 46 of 10 August of this year by the Constitutional Commission states the following:
“- the Constitutional Commission has discussed the application submitted by the Delegation of Abkhazia addressed to the Presidium of the Constituent Assembly and has the following vision:
the provisions on Abkhazia represent the part of the common Constitution of the Republic and proceeds from it; it’s inadmissible to recognize this or that principle of it until the Constitution is finally adopted,
2) Inclusion of the issues stated in the application into the agenda of the Constituent Assembly is not in accord with the Regulations of the Parliament and it would be rather artificial,
3) The principle of the autonomy is recognized by the Constitution of the Republic and its inviolability is fully secured, and
4) The Regulations on the Autonomy of Abkhazia will be heard at the sitting of the Constituent Assembly right after the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic; therefore the motion by the Delegation of Abkhazia shall not be admitted.
Decision:
To take the notification as information and communicate it to the factions.
Authentic with original.
Head of the Chancellery – signed
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 35)


(To the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia)
29 October 1920
The People’s Council of Abkhazia, at its sitting on 16 October of this year discussed the draft Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia and decided: “to delegate to the Constituent Assembly of Georgia the following members of the Council: 1) Varlam Shervashidze, 2) Ivan Pashalidi, 3) Dmitriy Zakharov, 4) Vasiliy Gurjua, 5) Mikheil Ubiria, 6) Mikheil Tarnava, 7) Mikheil Tsaguria, 8) Mikheil Berulava and 9) Dmitriy Alania for joint work on the draft-Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia; the Delegation shall base its work on the Act adopted on 20 March 1919 and the given draft of the Constitution”.
All of the Articles of the attached draft-Constitution are adopted unanimously except of Articles 5, 7, 9 and 10, which are adopted in two versions.
Attached: Draft-Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council at its sitting on 16 October 1920.
Comrade of the Chairman: Akirtava (signed)
Head of the Chancellery: (signed)
(CSHAG, 1833, desc. 1, file 865, p. 1)

DRAFT CONSTITUTION of the Autonomous Abkhazia
Adopted by the Peoples Council of Abkhazia at its session on 16 October 1920
On the basis of the Act adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council on 20 March 1919 on entering Abkhazia the Democratic Republic of Georgia as the autonomous entity and in accordance with Article 120 and 121 of the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Georgia on . . . 1920, the following Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia has been elaborated.
Chapter I.
General provisions
Art. 1.  Abkhazia, with the frontiers: from the north-west to the south-east from the River Makhadir to the River Engur and from the south to the north from the Black Sea shore to the Caucasus Chain bordering with Kuban and Terek Oblasts – enters the Democratic Republic of Georgia as the autonomous entity and in the field of legislation and management it is independent if otherwise is specified for by this Constitution.
Art. 2.  The territory of Abkhazia within the mentioned borders is indivisible.
Chapter II
Legislative Power
Art. 3.  The Legislative Assembly shall be the legislative organ of Abkhazia elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by ballot based on the principle of proportional representation for a term of three years by the citizens, who attained the age of 20 irrespective of sex.
Art. 4.  All lands and property on the territory of Abkhazia, as well as the population residing on the territory of Abkhazia shall be under the jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 5. The matters not falling within the jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia are as follows:
1) Supreme policy.
2) Military forces.
3) Military-navy affairs.
4) Civil and Criminal legislation.
5) Common judiciary system (District Court, Court Chamber and Senate).
6) Port management
7) The first version has been adopted by not-qualified majority (19 votes)
Financial and monetary system.
Note: the right on taxation in Abkhazia is under sole jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Second version has been adopted by 12 votes.
Financial and monetary system.  The Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia receives the banknotes from the Central Government upon special agreement.
Note:  the right on taxation in Abkhazia is under sole jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
8) Customs system.
Note: the customs rates on the items exported from Abkhazia shall be determined on the basis of agreement between the legislative organs of Georgia and Abkhazia.
9) Management of post and telegraph.
10) Management of rail and ordinary roads of all-state importance.
Note: the division of rail and ordinary roads into all-state and local significance shall be carried out on the basis of special agreement between Georgia and Abkhazia.
Art. 6. The Matters under jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Abkhazia:
1) Adoption of laws on all issues except of those specified for in Article 5.
2) Finance: budget, taxation, credits.
3) Public education: primary, secondary and high education on the territory of Abkhazia and the entire cultural development.
4) Organs of local self-governance: cities and districts.
5) Mediating judges and the rules of their appointment.
6) Protection of individual and public security and order.
7) Administration.
8) Public health and veterinary.
9) Roads.
10) Consideration of reports on appropriation of local assignments.
11) Solving the issues on alienation of private estates for public and cultural needs on the basis of common laws of the Republic.
Art. 7.  In addition to the matters specified for in Article 6 the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia is authorized to determine the size of land lots and the rules for transferring the land to the working people on the basis of rules established by the agrarian legislation of the Republic.
Art. 8. The issues on resettlement and settlement in Abkhazia shall be decided by the legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Abkhazia.
Art. 9. The first version is adopted by non-qualified majority (19 votes).
The lands, cultural-valuable estates, climatic stations, mineral and salubrious waters, water energy facilities, as well as forest shall not be subject of distribution and represent the public property under jurisdiction of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.  The bowels of state significance shall be under jurisdiction of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia in accordance to the common law of the Republic.
Second version, adopted by 12 votes.
The lands, cultural-valuable estates, climatic stations, mineral and salubrious waters, forest and bowels shall be under jurisdiction and at disposal of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 10. The first version adopted by non-qualified majority (19 votes).
The concession at any type of enterprise and exploitation of natural resources shall be competence of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.  With regard of bowels the mutual agreement between Georgia and Abkhazia is necessary.
Second version adopted by 12 votes.
The concession at any type of enterprise and exploitation of natural resources shall be competence of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 11.  Introduction and revocation of monopoly on the production of items in Abkhazia shall be under authority of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 12. Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia has the right to export the trade items from the Republic; the Legislative Assembly shall harmonize its legislation in this field with the common financial policy of the Republic.
Art. 13. All revenues from all-state institutions and expenses for maintaining the organizations dealing with the all-state affairs shall be divided between Georgia and Abkhazia upon agreement concluded annually between the Legislation Assembly of Abkhazia and Central Legislative Organ.
Art. 14. Formation of military forces in Abkhazia shall be carried out on the common basis with Georgia in accordance of principle of territorial recruitment discharging the military obligation in Abkhazia except the cases when the whole state is under the threat.  These troops shall be under command of Georgian military leadership.  Withdrawal of military units from the territory of Abkhazia in peace-time may be exercised upon special decision of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 15. On the territory of Abkhazia, the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia has the right to choose the language of instruction and paper-work at every state, judicial and public institutions and at the territorial-military units at its own discretion.
Art. 16. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia for the elections to the Assembly determines the number of Deputies.
Art. 17. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall verify whether the elections were conducted in a proper manner and approve the electoral proceedings.
Art. 18. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall elect its Presidium and be guided in its activity by the Statute.
Art. 19. The Sessions of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall be public, but the Assembly is authorized to close the sitting for certain issues.
Art. 20. The terms and duration of the sessions of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia, as well as the statute of the Executive organ shall be elaborated by the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 21. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall be convoked:
1. by the Government of Abkhazia not later that within two weeks after elections are completed;
2. by the presidium of previous Assembly to the new session.
Art. 22. The law and Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia, as well as the laws of the Central Executive Organ on common issues shall be promptly published in official gazette of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia come into force within a week from the day of promulgation unless otherwise has been decided with regard of the term of enactment.
Art. 23. The Organ of the Central state authority shall be informed about laws and Resolutions of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia right after they have been published.  In the event of discrepancies between this Constitution and the Laws and Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia, the organ of central state authority shall submit them to the Senate within 15 days from the day of adoption.  The preliminary suspension of the laws subject to protest shall be decided by the Senate of Abkhazia.
Art. 24. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia is inviolable and only the Assembly is authorized to make decision on pre-term dissolution and appointing of new elections.  Any infringement upon inviolability of the legislative Assembly by any individual or organization is punishable by law as treason.
Art. 25. The right to initiate local legislation is vested in the Government of Abkhazia, deputies of the legislative Assembly and not less than 5000 electors.
Art. 26. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia is obliged to put the law, adopted by it, to the nationwide discussion (referendum) if 5000 voters request for it in written form.  The procedure for referendum shall be determined by law.
Art. 27. The members of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall have the following rights and privileges: the members of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall not be prosecuted for the visions and ideas expressed by them while exercising their function; the member of the Legislative Assembly is inviolable; arrest of or criminal prosecution against a member of the Legislative Assembly is prohibited without consent of the Assembly, unless he is caught in the act of committing a crime. The Legislative assembly shall be promptly informed about such event and a member of the legislative Assembly, arrested or subject of criminal prosecution, shall be released upon decision of the legislative Assembly.
Art. 28. A member of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall have the right not to gi­ve a statement regarding the facts he has got acquainted with while exercising his function as a member of the legislative Assmebly.  He shall retain this right when he is not a deputy any mo­re.
Art. 29. Members of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia may not take an office upon appointment of the Executive power of Abkhazia.
Art. 30. Members of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall get remuneration fixed by the Executive power of Abkhazia.
Art. 31. At the elections of the Legislative organ of Georgia, Abkhazia shall represent the separate electoral District and enjoy the proportionate representation in this organ.
Art. 32. The Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia has the right to initiate legislation at the Central Legislative Organ within the scope of common legislation.
Chapter III
Executive power
Art. 33. The Government of the Autonomous Abkhazia shall be the supreme executive organ of Abkhazia elected by the Legislative Assembly.  The executive organ shall continue its functioning until the convocation of the new Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia and electing the new Government.
Art. 34. The members of the Government of Abkhazia are accountable and responsible solely to the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.  At the sittings of the Legislative Assembly they shall give the explanation and information on the matters under their jurisdiction.  The members of the Government shall take part in voting if they are the deputies of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 35. Appointment, dismissal and replacement of officials at the local institutions shall be under the jurisdiction of the Government of Abkhazia.  The officials of the common-state status shall be appointed by the Central Government with maximum effort to select them from the local residents.  The Government of Abkhazia has the right to recommend appointment or dismissal of officials at the common-state institutions located on the territory of Abkhazia.
Art. 36. No credits of the Autonomous Abkhazia shall be concluded without consent of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia.
Art. 37. The legislative Assembly of Abkhazia shall elect the Controller of the Autonomous Abkhazia.  The Controller shall invite the employees to his subordinate agencies.
Chapter IV.
Rights and Responsibilities
Art. 38. The rights and responsibilities of citizens and the civil freedoms on the territory of Abkhazia shall be secured by the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia.
Art. 39. All citizens of Georgia shall enjoy the right of citizenship of Abkhazia.
Art. 40.  The citizens of the Autonomous Abkhazia shall have the status of citizens of the Republic of Georgia.
Chapter V.
Revision of the Constitution
Art. 41.  The right to initiate general or partial revision of the Constitutions shall be vested in:
a) the members of the Legislative Assembly of Abkhazia not less than half of the total number of deputies;
b) 10 000 voters.
Art. 42. The proposal on general or partial revision of the Constitution shall be included in the agenda of the legislative Assembly not earlier than 6 months after its submission.
Art. 43. The proposal on general or partial revision of the Constitution shall be adopted by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast and it shall come into force after it has been adopted by the majority of population.
Chapter VI
Concluding Part
Art. 44. None of laws, Decrees and Orders, confronting the Constitution of the Autonomous Abkhazia, shall be promulgated and having a legal force in Abkhazia.
Art. 45. The members of the legislative Assembly, representatives of the executive power, as well as the civil servants on the Autonomous Abkhazia shall take an oath and sign the statement on dedication to this Constitution.
Chairman of the legislative Assembly of Abkhazia (signed)
Comrade to the Chairman Akirtava (signed)
Secretary (signed)
16 November 1920
(CSHAG, desc. 1833, file 865, p. 1-7)
    

EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
6 November 1920
The discussed issue:
Application by the Delegation of Abkhazia on the election of 9 members from the Constituent Assembly to the Joint Commission on elaboration of the Constitution of the autonomous Abkhazia.
The Decree (Act) adopted by the Peoples Council of Abkhazia on 20 March 1919 was attached to the application.
Decision:
The application of the delegation shall be submitted to the Commission for conclusion.
Head of Chancellery – signed.
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 45)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
6 December 1920
The discussed issue:
Application by the Constitutional Delegation of the People’s Council of Abkhazia: 1) Tarasov, 2) Tsaguria and 3) Alania on the draft-Constitution of Abkhazia.  They declared that the consideration of the draft-Constitution was not follow the order that had been introduced by the  Abkhaz People’s Council and due to this fact they wouldn’t be able to participate in further discussion of the Constitution; therefore they decided to go back to Abkhazia.
The copy of the Decree (Act) adopted by the  Abkhaz People’s Council on 20 March 1919 was attached to the application.
Decision:
To take as information.
Authentic with original
Head of Chancellery – signed
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 82)


EXTRACT FROM THE GAZETTE OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CON-
STITUENT ASSEMBLY
31 December 1920
The discussed issue:
(…)
3)  Notification N 232 of the Constitutional Commission of 26 December of this year and attached draft “On Regulations of the Autonomous Management of Abkhazia” – elaborated by the Small Constitutional Commission.
Information: the given draft hasn’t been considered yet by the Constitutional Commission and it hasn’t elaborated the final conclusions.
The draft was submitted to the Presidium in a form of information.
Decision:
To take as information the draft elaborated by the Small Constitutional Commission.
Chairman Al. Lomtatidze
Secretary: K. Japaridze
Head of Chancellery (signed) Al. Zurabishvili
(CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 713, p. 369)


REGULATIONS on autonomous management of Abkhazia
Before adoption of the Constitution of the Republic the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Georgia is publishing the interim Regulations on management of Abkhazia.
1. Abkhazia – from the River Mekhadir and Black Sea shore to the Caucasus Chain is indivisible part of Georgia and exercises autonomous management of its internal affairs within this territory.
2. The Autonomous Abkhazia shall have its local legislative organ – People’s Council elected on the basis of universal, direct, equal suffrage by secret ballot for the term of two years by the citizens of both sexes.
3. The autonomous state authority of Abkhazia applies to the lands and ownership and to the citizens residing there with respect of the common laws of the Republic.
4. The autonomous management of Abkhazia shall cover the following matters:
a) local finances, taxes, credits.
b) public education – primary, secondary and high education; cultural activity.
c) local public and civil management.
d) mediating judges.
e) maintenance of public order and personal security;
f) administration.
g) public health, medicine, veterinary.
h) local transportation and roads.
i) approval of budget, estimate of local expenditure;
j) expropriation of private property for the public cultural needs in pursuance to the common laws of the Republic.
k) the matters under the competence of the  Abkhaz People’s Council in accordance to the law.
1) Besides the matters specified for in Article 4:
 The autonomous Government of Abkhazia shall independently decide the issues of introducing the norm for the land ownership and of determination of forms for socializing the state land fund.
6. All the lands of local significance, valuable estates, forest, mineral waters and water-energy facilities under 10 000 horse-power shall be under the management of the Autonomous Abkhazia.  The land and forest of common-state significance, Gagra climatic station and the water energy facilities over 10 000 horse-power shall remain as a state property.  The land bowels, in accordance with the common-law of the Republic shall be under the entire management of the state.
7. The state language in Abkhazia shall be Georgian, but the People’s Council may introduce the local language as a language of communication at the autonomous institutions.
8.  The Rights and responsibilities, as well as civil freedom shall be secured by the Constitution of the Republic and the laws.
9. The  People’s Council of Abkhazia and the Commissariat shall have the right to appoint, displace or dismiss the officials at the local institutions.  The priority in appointing the officials at the common-state institutions shall be given to the local residents.
10. Abkhazia shall represent the separate electoral district at the elections to the legislative organ of Georgia. Abkhazia shall be represented in that organ on the basis of proportionate representation.
11. The members of the People’s Council of Abkhazia, representatives of the executive power and the officials of the institutions of the autonomous Abkhazia shall take the oath on dedication to the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia.
12.  The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall consist of 30 members.
13.  The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall determine its composition and peruse the Regulations elaborated by it.
14. The  People’s Council of Abkhazia shall examine the legality of the elections and approve it.
15. The member of the  People’s Council of Abkhazia l shall not be prosecuted for the visions and ideas expressed by them while exercising their function. A member of the People’s Council is inviolable.  A member of the People’s Council shall not be detained or prosecuted without consent of the People’s Council, unless he is caught in the act of committing a crime.
16. A member of the People’s Council shall get the remuneration in amount determined by the People’s Council.
17. The issues relating to the convocation and dissolution of the People’s Council, as well as the term of sessions and the Regulations on the executive organ shall be determined by the People’s Council.
18.  The member of the People’s Council shall not take any position by the executive organ.
19. The sittings of the People’s Council shall be public.  The people’s council may close the session for discussing of certain issues.
20. The initiative of the local legislation shall be vested in electors, people’s Council and in the Commissariat.  The procedure for initiating the law shall be determined by the People’s Council.
21. The Commissariat of Abkhazia shall be the Executive organ of the Autonomous Abkhazia.  The members of Commissariats shall be elected by the People’s Council.
22. The members of the Commissariat are accountable and responsible to the People’s Council.
23. The laws adopted by the People’s Council shall be published by the Senate of the Republic of Georgia.
24. For the purpose of filling the budget, the autonomous government of Abkhazia has the right to use the part of common-state taxes.  It also takes the part of income from concessions issued on the territory of Abkhazia.
25. The general or partial revision of the Regulations may be initiated by the Parliament of Georgia and the People’s Council of Abkhazia.  The process of revision and its approval shall be carried out by the Parliament of Georgia in accordance to the rules established by the law.
       (31 December 1920)    
(Tamaz Nadareishvili, David Chitaia, Paata Davitaia, p. 466-469; CSHAG, f. 1833, desc. 1, file 863, p. 93-95; ibidem, file 827, p. 1-3)


1921
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA (adopted by the constituent assembly february
21, 1921)
Chapter I-General Basis
A r t i c l e
Georgia shall be a free, independent, and indivisible State. The permanent and unchangeable form of its political constitution shall be the democratic Republic.
A r t i c l e  2.
The capital of Georgia shall be Tiflis.  
A r t i c l e  3.
The official language of Georgia shall be the Georgian language.
A r t i c l e  4.
The flag of Georgian Republic shall be of cherry colour (dyed dogberry) with one black and one white stripe. The seal of the Georgian Republic shall be the effigy of Georges-Le-Blanc mounted on a horse, surmounted by seven astres.
A r t i c l e  5.
The laws and decrees shall only enter into force after they have been published in the regular manner.
A r t i c l e  6.
The territory of the state may neither be ceded, divided, nor sold. The enlargement of the territory or the rectification of the frontiers which may be contested is only possible by virtue of  low.
A r t i c l e  7.
The administrative division and the establishment or alteration of the autonomous boundaries (limits) can only be established by relevant legistature.
A r t i c l e  8.
The Constitution shall be the supreme low of the state. Any low, any decree, any ordinance, or decision which is in contradiction with the principles or the spirit of the constitution can not be promulgated. All the authorities of the state are to fulfill the constitution and to apply its principles, in the legislative domain as well as in the administration.
A r t i c l e  9.
The laws and decrees passed previous to the constitution shall remain in force if they are not in contradiction to the constitution and its principles.
A r t i c l e  10.
The present Constitution remains in force permanently and uninterruptedly, except in cases provided for in the Constitution itself.
A r t i c l e  11.
After the adoption of the Constitution the Constituent Assembly shall publish it with the signatures of its members.
Chapter II – Citizenship
A r t i c l e  12.
The Georgian citizenship is acquired by birth, by birth, or by naturalization.
A r t i c l e  13.
A Georgian citizen can not be at the same time the citizen of any other state.
A r t i c l e  14.
A Georgian citizen can not renounce his nationality except after having fulfilled all his obligations to the state.
A r t i c l e  15
The detailed conditions of acquiring and loss of the citizenship shall be determined by law.
Chapter III – Rights of Citizens
A r t i c l e  16.
All citizens are equal before the law.
A r t i c le  17.
There is no distinction of class.
A r t i c l e  18.
No titles, except degrees of the universities, shall be conferred. Decorations are abolished; distinctive marks may be conferred by reasons of war.
A r t i c l e  19.
Capital punishment is abolished.
A r t i c l e  20.
Nobody can be condemned except by way of the judiciary, with the exception of disciplinary punishments provided for by law.
A r t i c l e  21.
All citizens are judged by the same form of procedure.
A r t i c l e  22.
Every person enjoys individual inviolability. Nobody can be arrested or deprived of his liberty in any other manner, nor submitted to search except by warrant of court of justice or by the medium of inquiry.
A r t i c l e  23.
The administration can only proceed with the arrest on its own initiative on the following cases:
a) When the guilty person is surprised in the very act
b) When the guilty person is indicted on the place of the crime by the victim or by witness.
c) When any object establishing the guilt of the prisoner is found upon his person, or when incontestable signs or traces of the crime are found upon his person or his domicile.
A r i c l e  24.
The arrest of culprits by private individuals is lawful when they surprise him in the very act of crime and when there is a cause of fear of escape before the arrival of the agents of the public forces.
A r t i c l e  25.
Any person arrested by order of the judiciary or administrative forces must be brought before the nearest court within 24 hours; in cases where the court is too far away in order to bring a culprit before it within that period, it may be prolonged, without, however, exceeding 48 hours.
A r t i c l e  26.
The court must proceed immediately, in no case later than 24 hours to interrogate the prisoner. After this it may ordain, by written order, either the further detention of the culprit or his immediate release.
A r t i c l e  27.
The judicial authorities are obliged , in cases where it happens that a person ahs been arrested in violation of the abovementioned rules, to look immediately into the case and to give immediate orders either for his release or to keep him in custody.
A r t i c l e  28.
The domicile of a citizen is inviolable, and searches are only authorized in cases provided for by law.
A r t i c l e  29.
Private correspondence is inviolable and can only be seized and examined in pursuance of a judgment of the court.
A r t i c l e  30.
Every citizen has the right of moving and selecting his own residence; there is no restriction of this right except by order of the court of justice.
A r t i c l e  31.
Every citizen enjoys full liberty of conscience. He can not be prosecuted nor have restrictions brought upon his political or civil rights for reason of his religion or convictions. Everybody has the right to profess his own religion, to change same, or not to have any religious creed. No person has the right to evade his political or civil obligations by calling upon his religion or convictions except in cases provided by law. The actions of a religious character modify in no way the civil rights or position of anybody.
A r t i c l e  32.
Every citizen has the right to express his opinions, to propagate them verbal, by the public press, or by any other means without previous authority of the government. In this case he is only responsible to the court of justice for any crime committed.
A r t i c l e  33 .
The citizens of Georgia have the right of public assembly without arms, either indoors or in the open air.
A r t i c l e  34.
The administration has the right to close any meeting if it becomes unlawful.
A r t i c l e  35.
The citizens of the Georgian Republic have the right to form professional or other societies without previous authority of the government, provided that their object is not forbidden by law. The dissolution of such societies is only possible by order of a court of law.
A r t i c l e  36.
The free development of the intellectual professions, commercial, industrial and agricultural pursuits is guarantied by the Republic.
A r t i c l e  37.
The right of individual or collective petition is assured.
A r t i c l e  38.
Workmen have the right to strike.
A r t I c l e  39.
The citizens of both sexes enjoy equal political civil, economical   and family rights.
A r t i c l e  40.
Marriage is based on equal rights and upon mutual consent of husband and wife .The form and rules of marriage are determined by law. Children born in or out of wedlock have the same rights and duties. The mother has the right to seek and prove the paternity of a natural child by way of the courts, and this child by way of the courts, and this child has the same right to seek and prove the paternity.
A r t i c l e  41.
No fugitive for political reasons and who takes refugee in this Republic can be extradited.
A r t i c l e  42.
All official and private persons guilty of infractions of the above lows aimed at the rights of the citizens will be prosecuted according to the penal code.
A r t i c l e  43.
In case of sedition within the country or in case of war, parliament has the right to suspend temporarily the constitutional guaranties contained in articles 19, 22, 225, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 38; in case of war the guaranties contained in article 21 may also be suspended, provided the accused be not amenable to justice of a council of war in the military zone. When parliament is not in session the government has the right on its own responsibility to suspend the constitutional guaranties above mentioned. But in this case it is obliged to convoke parliament immediately and to submit its decision.
A r t i c l e  44.
In case of serious epidemics the government has the right to suspend temporarily the constitutional guaranties in articles 22, 25, 26, and 30, in so far as this act is necessary to fight the epidemic.
A r t i c l e  45.
The rights and guaranties enumerated in the constitution do not exclude other rights and guaranties, although not yet formulated, but nevertheless run along the principles established by the constitution.
Chapter - IV
A r t i c l e  46.
The representative body of the Georgian Republic is the Parliament of Georgia, composed of deputies elected by universal, equal, direct, secret, and proportional voting. Every citizen, without distinction of sex, enjoying all his rights and being over 20 years old has the right to take part in the elections. The parliament is elected for three years.
A r t i c l e  47.
The rules of a legislative election are laid down by a special law.
A r t i c l e  48.
Members of parliament are not held responsible for opinions expressed by them during the term of their office. The person of a member of parliament is inviolable. He can neither be arrested nor indicated without consent of parliament. An exception is made in the case of “flagrante delicto”, which must be brought immediately to the knowledge of parliament. A member arrested or indicated must be released immediately if parliament so desires.
A r t i c l e  49.
Members of parliament may refuse to bear witness about facts which may have been entrusted to them in their quality of deputies. This right may be invoked even after the expiration of their term of office.
A r t i c l e  50.
Members of parliament receive an indemnity fixed by law.
A r t i c l e  51.
The cases of incompatibility between the office of deputy and the exercise of a public office or whatsoever profession shall be determined by law.
A r t i c l e  52.
The sovereignty belonged to the entire nation. Parliament exercises this sovereignty within the limits fixed by the constitution.
A r t i c l e  53.
Parliament votes on the laws, decrees, and decisions; the manner of their publication shall be fixed by a special law.
 A r t i c l e  54.
The powers of parliament are the following.
a) Legislation.
b) Supreme direction of the army of the Republic and in general of all the armed forces.
c) Declaration of war.
d) Ratification of treaties of peace, commerce, or other treaties with foreign powers.
e) The right of amnesty.
f) Making of the budget.
g) The right to make interior or foreign loans.
h) Appointment of officials as provided by the constitution.
i) General control of the executive power.
A r t i c l e  55.
The sessions of parliament are public; but parliament has the right by special decision to hold entire or partial sessions behind closed doors.
A r t i c l e  56.
    Parliament decides itself the validity of the election of its members and resolves on all questions relative thereto.
A r t i c l e  57.
All decisions of parliament are made by a simple majority of votes, unless another modus has been adopted by law or regulation.
A r t i c l e  58.
    The openings of parliamentary sessions necessitate the presence of at least half of the total number of Deputies.
A r t i c l e  59.
Parliament has the right to interpellate the Government and to question it. Interpellations and questions are subject to rules determined by law or by regulation. Parliament has the right to nominate commissions of inquiry.
A r t ic l e  60.
The parliament fixes itself by regulating the procedure of its discussions.
A r t i c l e  61.
The annual sessions of the parliament begin on the first Sunday of November. The elections for the renewal of the parliament take place in the autumn, simultaneously in the entire Republic, and in time to permit the newly elected members to be present at the opening of parliament.
A r t i c l e  62.
The operations of the parliament can only be suspended by parliament itself. During the interruptions in the work of the parliament the right to assemble this latter in extraordinary cases belong to the Government or to the bureau of the parliament. The assembly of the parliament is obligatory if one quarter of the number of deputies desires it.
A r t i c l e  63.
The right of initiative belongs to:
Any member of parliament.
a) Any group of 5.000 electors.
b) Any group of 5 000 elections.
A r t i c l e  64.
Parliament is obliged to submit any new law to a popular referendum if 30.000 electors require it in writing. The rules of referendum are determined by law.
A r t i c l e  65.
Parliament elects its bureau yearly.
Chapter V – Executive Power
A  r t i c l e  66.
The executive power belongs to the Government of the Republic.
A r t i c l e  67.
The President of The Government is elected by the parliament for the period of one year. The same president can only be reselected once.
A r t i l e  68.
The other ministers, members of the government are appointed by the President from among the citizens who have the right to take part in parliamentary elections.
A r t i c l e  69.
Members of the government may not fill any other office or profession. They may only be members of parliament or of the councils of self-government.
A r t i c l e  70.
The president of the government is the supreme representative of the Republic. He appoints the representatives of Georgia to other powers, and it is to him that the representatives of foreign powers are accredited. In the absence of a government decision which may find itself obstructed, the president may by exceptional right have recourse to the armed forces of the Republic, but he must inform parliament immediately. The ordinances of laws and by-laws relative thereto emanate from the president of the government, who, however does not have the right to arrest the action of the laws or to hinder its execution. The president of the government has the right to order the extraordinary control of republic or local administrations, or the revision of particular cases, according to the rules determined by law. The president has no other rights except those conferred on him by the constitution.
A r t i c l e  71.
The president of the government has a lieutenant. In the absence of the president his attributes devolve upon his lieutenant.
A r t i c l e  72.
The general rights and duties of government are:
a) To assure the supreme direction of the affairs of the Republic according to its laws.
b) To watch over the application of the Republic and the execution of its laws.
c) To put before parliament its plans for laws, as well as its conclusions about plans of laws emanating from the parliament or from the people.
d) To defend the external interests of the Republic.
e) To safeguard the Republic from external dangers and to defend its independence.
f) To insure security and order in the interior of the country. If  unforeseen circumstances require it, to mobilize the armed forces of the country, but not far any period longer than 21 days. This period can only be prolonged by consent of parliament.
g) To manage the finances, to issue money according to law, and to submit annually to parliament a budget of revenue and expenses of the State.
h) To give an account to parliament of  its work and to submit at least once a year a report about the internal and external situation of Georgia. To present also to parliament any special reports if desired.
i) To acquit itself of all obligations imposed by parliament or by law.
A r t i c l e  73.
The members of the government share in the directions of the affair of the Republic, which do not depend directly on the president. Each member of the government directs independently, and under sole, personal responsibility to parliament, the department confided to him. He must resign as soon as he loses the confidence of parliament. A minister has only the right to vote in parliament if he is a member. The president of the government is responsible to parliament for the general politics. He is obliged to submit to the decisions of parliament and to execute the same, if necessary to change the ministers or even to re-form the entire cabinet.
A r t i c l e  74.
Every member of government has the right to be present at the sessions of parliament and at the meetings of special commissions. Parliament, as well as the commissions, is obliged to listen to the minister if he requires it. On his part the minister is also obliged to present himself, if required before parliament or commissions, and to furnish explanations.
A r t i c l e  75.
The president and the government are responsible, under penalties, for any violation of the constitution but only the president may indict these before a court of law. Members of the government are judged as provided for by the common law.
Chapter  VI – Justice
A r t i c l e  76.
The supreme court of Georgia is the senate elected by parliament and has the following functions:
a) To watch over the strict enforcement of the law.
b) To find out justice in the capacity of a court of cassation.
A r t i c l e  77.
Civil and criminal matters and administrative debatable matters belong to the department of permanent tribunals. The organization, jurisdiction, and competence of these tribunals are determined by law.
A r t i c l e  78.
The judiciary power is independent and only obeys the law. Justice is rendered in the name of the democratic Republic of Georgia.
A r t i c l e  79.
The verdicts pronounced by the Tribunals can not be annulled, modified, or suspended by any legislative, administrative, or executive body.
A r t i c l e  80.
The hearings of the courts are public; in certain cases, where the morale or public security requires it, courts can be held behind closed doors.
A r t i c l e  81.
All serious matters belong to the penal jurisdiction, as well as political matters, and offences of the press are submitted to a jury.
A r t i c l e  82.
Judges are elected for fixed period. The rules of such elections as well as the conditions to which the judges have to submit are determined by law.
A r t i c l e  83.
Expect by determination of the court, judges can not be the object of any change to their wishes. They can only be temporarily   dismissed, if they are arraigned by justice or if their case is under consideration. Their definite dismissal can only take place by judgment of the court.
Chapter VII – Finances of the State
A r t i c l e  84
No tax can be instituted or levied if not previously sanctioned by parliament Note. The right bodies of self-government to levy taxes are determined by special laws.
A r t i c l e  85.
Nobody can be exempted from the taxes of the state if not sanctioned by law.
A r t i c l e  86.
No sum for retiring pensions, compensations, or whatsoever expense be deducted from the treasury of the state except conforming to the law.
A  r t i c l e  87.
No loans of state nor any other financial obligation may be contracted without the authorization of parliament.
A r t i c l e  88.
All revenues and all expenses of the state must appear in the budget. The budget must be presented every year to parliament for its approval.
 r t i c l e  89.
If parliament does not get to voting the budget for the commencement of the budget year, the government can be authorized by parliament until the approval of the budget to cover the expenses of the state on the basis of the budget of the previous year.
A r t i c l e  90.
No transfer of expenses of one chapter of the budget to another may be made without authority of parliament.
Chapter VIII – Control of the State
A r t i c l e  91.
The control of the State is performed as follows:
a) Rigorous execution of the budget of the state.
b) All revenues and expenses of the state.
c) The accounts and balance sheets of the different ministerial departments.
d) The finances of the bodies of the local self-government.
A r t i c l e  92.
The controller of the state is elected by parliament. He is not in the cabinet, but has all rights of a minister of state and is only responsible to parliament. He gives an account of his office every year.
A r t i c l e  93.
The organization of the control and the rules of its application are determined by law.
Chapter IX – National Defense
A r t i c l e  94.Every citizen is compelled to do military service according to the law.
A r t i c l e  95.
The object of the military organization is to defend the republic and its territory.
A r t i c l e  96.
The duration of military service and the organization of the forces is determined by law.
A r t i c l e  97.
The effective force of the recruiting contingent is fixed every year by parliament.
Chapter X – Self-Government
A r t i c le  98.
The institutions of self-government being at the same time local administrative bodies are charged with the direction of economic and educational affairs within the limits of their territory.
A r t i c l e  99.
The organizations of self-government, its rights and duties as well as the manner of their administration are fixed by law.
A r t  c l e  100.
The institutions of self-government have the right to make by-laws for public administration conforming to the law.
A r t i c l e  101.
The self-government is elected by secret, proportional, equal, and universal suffrage.
A r t i c l e  102.
The by-laws and orders of the self-government can only be changed by legal manner.
A r t i c l e  103.
The central bodies of the government have the right to suspend the by-laws and orders of self-government when they are contrary to law, but such matters must immediately be brought before a legal power. The manner and conditions of such suspensions are determined by law.
A r t i c l e  104.
The self-government depends on the central bodies of government for the direction of its general administration.
A r t i c l e  105.
    The cases where the resolutions of self-government must be approved by Government are determined by law.
A r t i c l e  106.
The institutions of self-government have their own budget according to a special law.
Chapter XI –Autonomous Administration
A r t i c l e  107.
Abkhasie (district of Soukhoum), Georgia Musulmane (district of Batum), and Zakhatala (district of Zakhatala), which are integral parts of the Georgian Republic, enjoy autonomy in the administration of their affairs.
A r t i c l e  108.
The statute concerning the autonomy of the districts mentioned in the previous article will be the object of special legislation.
Chapter XII –Public Institutions and Schools
A r t i c l e  109.
The arts and sciences and their institutions are free, and it is the duty of the State to protect them and to help in their development.
A r t i c l e  110.
Elementary instruction is gratuitous, general, and obligatory. The scholastic system is an organic whole where primary education serves as basis for secondary and for superior teaching. The teaching is in all its aspects laical.
A r t i c l e  111.
The state must see to it that indigent children have free schooling food, clothing and school materials. The government and the bodies of self-government must set aside yearly from their resourced a certain sum for the defrayal of these expenses.
A r t i c l e  112.
Private schools are subject to the general school laws.
Chapter XIII –Social and Economic Rights
A r t  c l e  113.
The Republic sees to it that all its citizens have dignified existence.
A r t i c l e  114.
Forced expropriation or restriction of private enterprise can only tale place in virtue of a special law, which determines their manner, and only for the needs of the state and for public utility. The owners of property who have been expropriated will be indemnified, provided there are no dispositions to the contrary made by law.
 A r t i c l e  115.
The Republic has its own commercial and industrial organization. Its principal object is to develop this organization and to create a single and complete system of social economy. The Republic will aid the bodied of self-government in the development and strengthening of similar economic organizations. The government has the right  to socialize by legislature  the commercial, industrial, and agricultural enterprises which  may be suitable for this purpose.
A r t i c l e  116.
The State watches particularly against the private exploitation of the work of small producers, of the agricultural, the workmen, and the home-worker. The Republic will also give its special attention to the prosperity of agriculture. The proprietor of land has a duty toward society to cultivate the same to get the best possible results.
A r t i c l e  117.
The existence of the State is based on work, and it is therefore a particular duty of same to protect same.
A r t i c l e  118.
The laws of the Republic entrust the bodies of self-government with the work of establishing labor exchanges, employment agencies and similar institutions which shall keep statistics of unemployed persons and assist them to obtain work. The representatives of workers unions to the extent of half, at shall take part in the central direction of these institutions.
A r t i c l e  119.
Citizens who are out of work shall have the assistance and help to procure work for them.
A r t i c l e  120.
Any citizen who is incapacitated from work by age, sickness, or other causes and having neither by law or custom a claim of support from his heir curator, or any private or public institution, and begin without means of existence, has the right to have assistance from the state by way of insurance or other methods. This assistance is also given by the State in cases where the heir or curators are not in a position to care for the invalid.
A r t i c l e  121
Any citizen incapacitated from work by age, mutilation, or other causes will receive in the way of insurance an assistance proportionate to his salary. The insurance capital will be raised by means of a tax levied on the employer.
A r t i c l e  122.
Beside the tax mentioned in the preceding article a certain part of the receipts of the republic shall be annually set aside for the same object.
A r t i c l e 123.
The normal duration of working time of hired help shall not be more than 48 hours per week. The worker must at the same time have a weekly respite from work of at least 42 uninterrupted hours per week. The exception to the weekly hours of work is determined by law. The fixing of the normal time of work for agricultural laborers and season workers necessitating special working conditions are fixed by law.
A r t i c l e  124.
The employment of minors under 16 years in establishments is forbidden; the working hours for minors between the ages of 16 and 18 is fixed at 6 hours per day; minors under 18 and women may not be employed in night work.
 A r t i c l e  125.
The republic fixes the minimum rate of wages and establish normal working conditions. It creates a special inspection of work and sanitary control independent of the employers.
A r t i c l e  126.
The protection of female labour will be the object of a special law. The employment of women at work detrimental to mater nity is forbidden. During the time of confinement the female worker is excused from her work for least two months without suspension of salary. It is the duty of an employer to permit his female worker to the necessary time to their nurslings.
A r t i c l e  127.
Any infraction of the laws giving protection to labour comes within the penal code.
A r t i c l e  128.
It is incumbent on the Republic and the bodies of self-government to insure the protection of mothers and children.
Chapter XIV-Rights of Ethnical Minorities
A r t i c l e  129.
It is forbidden to bring any obstacle to the free social development, economic and cultural, of the ethnical minorities of Georgia, especially to the teaching in their mother language and the interior management of their own culture. Everybody has the right to his mother tongue in writing printing and speaking.
 A r t i c l e  130
All local ethnical minorities formed into united administration enjoy the right to group themselves and form national unions for organizing and directing their cultural matters within the light of the constitution and the law.  The local ethnical minorities which do not belong to united administrations may constitute themselves independently into an ethnical union, enjoying the competencies mentioned in this article. One is under jurisdiction of an ethnical union for reason of the language one speaks. The cultural needs of the ethnical minorities are met by sums levied on the budget of self-government in proportion in the number interested.
A r t I c l e  131
Nobody. Shall be restricted in his rights, civil or political for the reason of belonging to an ethnical minority.
A r t i c l e 132
Any ethnical union may bring before a court of justice any matter in violation of the conferred to the minorities by the constitution or by law.
A r t i c l e  133
Any citizen of the Georgian republic has equal rights concerning the admission to the civil or military service of the state as well as to the service of towns and communities.
A r t i c l e  134.
 In localities of a mixed population the bodies of self-government, are obliged, with the funds at their disposal, to create a sufficient number of schools and establishment of instructions and general education in proportion to the ethnical composition of its population.
A r t i c l e  135.
Instruction in all schools belonging to an ethnical minority shall be given in the language in which its pupils speak
A r t i c l e  136.
In a circumscription submitted to a body of self-government where the proportion of the ethnical minority exceeds 20 per cent of communal and state affairs run concurrently, the official language, if the minority desires it, shall be the language of the said minority.
A r t i c l e  137.
Any deputy of non-Georgian  origin not knowing the official language sufficiently for expressing his opinions in parliament may use his native language on condition that he has previously submitted to the bureau of parliament an exact translation of his speech. The application of this article shall be regulated by law.
Chapter XV-Officials of the State
 A r t i c l e  138.
Any Georgian citizen has access to all the offices if he satisfies the requirements of the law.
A r t i c l e  139.
An officer may be relieved of his office or incur disciplinary punishment by order of the institution or chief. The rules as to his definite suspension are fixed by law.
A r t i c l e  140.
Every officer has the right of a pension. The terms under which an officer or his family have the benefit of a pension are fixed by law.
A r t i c l e  141.
Every officer is responsible to justice according to the principles of the common law. Any citizen has the privilege to arraign any officer who may be guilty. Any citizen has the right to be reimbursed by the state for any loss or damage caused by an officer in the exercise of the functions of his office. The proceedings and conditions of indemnification are by low.
Chapter XVI – Relations of State and Church
A r t i c l e  142.
The state and the church are separate and independent one from the other.
A r t i c l e  143
No confession or creed enjoys special privileges.
A r t i c l e 144.
It is forbidden to make any levies on the resources of the state or the bodies of self-government for the needs of any religious order.
Chapter XVII – Revision of the Constitution
A r t i c l e  145.
The complete or partial revision of the constitution may be demanded:
a) By at least one-half of the members of parliament.
b) By a group of  50.000 electors.
A r t I c l e  146.
A proposal for the revisal of the constitution can only be heard in parliament six months after the deposition of such proposal.
A r t I c l e  147.
A proposal or plan for the partial or entire revisal of the constitution can only be adopted by a majority of two-thirds of the members of parliament. This proposal only comes into force after it has received the approval of the people.
A r t I c l e  148
The alternation of the form of Government of the democratic Republic of Georgia can not be made the object of the proposal of a revisal of the constitution.
A r t I c l e  149.
Until the meeting of parliament of the constituent assembly will act in its place.
(Democratic Republic of Georgia. 1919-1921.Three historic documents, p. 109-133)


DECREE ISSUED BY THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE on taking the whole power
The former Government of Georgia led by Zhordania and its officers and cadets overthrown by the working masses went to west Georgia.
On entering the Capital City, the Revolutionary Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia took the power in its hands.  Therefore the Revolutionary Committee decrees:
1.  The fighting against overthrown but not surrendered Government of Georgia shall be continued vigorously.  
2. Every state organizations, city and district self-governance and militia, as well as every public official shall stay at their position and continue working.
3.  The revolutionary order shall be maintained: those who resort the sabotage, disobedience or breach the public order shall be punished under the revolutionary laws.
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia – M. Orakhelashvili
26 February 1921
(Struggle for Strengthening the Soviet Power in Georgia. Tb. 1959, p. 3/ in Russia)


PROTOCOL OF BATUMI MEETINGS on the issues of Soviet Power and Communist Party Structures in Abkhazia  
28 March 1921
Attended: comrade Orjonikidze, the member of the Revolutionary Council and of the RKP CK of the Caucasus Bureau; comrade Eliava, the Commissar of the Navy Affairs of Georgia; comrade Toroshelidze, the Chairman of the Batumi Okrug Revolutionary Committee; comrade Eshba, the Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Abkhazia and the member of the Organizational Committee; comrade Lakoba, the member of the Revolutionary Committee and the Organizational Committee of Abkhazia, the Commissar of the Region.
Heard: the issues of Soviet Power and Communist Party Structures in Abkhazia.
Decided: Until the convocation of the Congress of the Councils of Abkhazia the issue on attaching Abkhazia to the RSFSR or Georgian SSR shall remain open.  Abkhazia is being declared as the Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Party organization, until the Congress is convoked shall have the name of the Organizational Bureau of the Revolutionary Committee and work under the directives of the RKP CK of the Caucasus Bureau.
In order to avoid confrontation in the activities of both Revcoms, the decrees issued by the Revolutionary Committee (Revcom) of Georgia shall serve as a background material.
Organizational Bureau shall carry out effective measures aimed at eradicating the ethnic confrontation bred by Mensheviks between the peoples of Georgia and Abkhazia.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 469)


DECREE ISSUED BY THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE OF THE GEORGIAN SSR
on arranging the Power
21 April 1921
§ 1.  The Revolutionary Committee (Revcom) is the supreme legislative, executive and controlling body of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.  
§ 2. The Revolutionary Committee convenes the Congress of the Soviets of Georgia and submits its report on the activity and on the political issues to it.
§ 6. The members of the Revolutionary Committee shall lead the following Public Commissariats and organizations:
a) Foreign Affairs, b) Military and navy Affairs, c) Internal Affairs, d) Justice, e) Labour, f) Social Protection, g) Public Education, h) State Communication, I) Finances, j) Transportation and Road, k) Foreign Trade, l) Agriculture, m) Food Industry, n) Workers and Peasants inspectorate, o) Health Care, p) Supreme Council of the Public Economy and q) Extraordinary Investigative Commission.
§ 12.  Until the convocation of the General Congress of the Soviet Georgia the Revolutionary Committees shall be established in the regions, city (only in Tbilisi), districts and villages on the territory of the Republic of Georgia.
(…)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee Ph. Makharadze
The Commissar of the Internal Affairs B. Kvirkvelia
(Messenger of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs, # 3, 1921, p. 9)

DECLARATION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE OF THE SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA on Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
21 May 1921
The Menshevik’s power, being bourgeois by its nature, oppressed the revolutionary movement of the national minorities and bred the antagonism between the certain minorities residing in Georgia throughout the centuries.
The Soviet power has the different approach to this issue pushing forward the principle of fraternal relations and equality between all workers.
The right to self-determination declared by the Great October Revolution is recognized as the best remedy for eradication of national prejudices and strengthening of the relations between the workers.
Proceeding form the aforementioned the Revolutionary Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia recognizes and welcomes the establishment of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and believes that the relations between the Georgian SSR and the Abkhazian SSR will be decided at the first Congress of the workers and peasant of Abkhazia, as well as of Georgia.
Let the workers of both socialist republics decide the forms of close and fraternal cooperation.
Revcom of the Georgian SSR
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia, Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 473)


RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE WORKERS OF ABKHAZIA
on the report of the Chairman of the Revcom of Abkhazia N. Lakoba on the National Issue in Abkhazia
28 May 1921
1. The government of Kerenskiy-Miliukov, likewise the Tsar regime of Russia continued oppressing the national minorities residing in a former Russian Empire.
2. But after the victory of the October Revolution, in the center of Russia the power was taken by workers and peasants and bourgeoisie started to strengthen their position in the provinces manipulating with the national feelings of the trans-frontier nations.  Using the national movements, the bourgeoisie led the government and created the republics in the remote territories, which were fully dependent to the world imperialism (the Entente).
3.  The workers and peasants of the oppressed nations realized their interests and through the support of proletarian Russia created real independent socialist republics.  The next step will be the close union with the Soviet Federation.  Proceeding from this fact the Congress of the  Workers of Abkhazia expresses the will of  all of the workers of the Republic to have the most fraternal and close cooperation with Georgian workers and peasant, who are the most close in cultural, economic and geographical point of view.
Viva to the forthcoming Congress of Georgia and Abkhazia, which will establish the close cooperation of the workers of these peoples!
Viva to the fraternal relations of the soviet republics!
Viva to the Soviet Socialist Republics in entire world.
(Strengthening of the Soviet Power in Abkhazia. Collection of Documents and Materials (1921-1925). Sukhumi, 1957, p. 48/in Russian)


RESOLUTION  OF THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE WORKERS OF ABKHAZIA on the Report of Revcom Chairman E. Eshba on Building of Soviet society
28 May 1921
1. To consider reasonable recognition of Abkhazia as the independent state that is aimed at eradicating the confrontation and strengthening the fraternal relations between Georgia and Abkhazia.  The Congress believes that the first Congress of Workers and Peasant of Georgia will determine the final forms of friendly relations between Georgia and Abkhazia as it is mentioned in Declaration of the Georgian Revcom of 21 May.
2. The Congress endorses the general policy of the Revcom of Abkhazia, its activity and future plans aimed at reviving the public life of the country.
3. The delegates of the Congress consider necessary to work closely with the working masses in order to support the Soviet Power and prevent the provocation and counter-revolutionary activity.
(Strengthening of the Soviet Power in Abkhazia, p. 51-52)


EXTRACT FROM THE REZOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE PLENUM OF THE RKB CK OF
THE CAUCASUS BUREAU on the Political Situation of the Trans-Caucasus Republics
2-3 July 1921
1.  We shall recognize the necessity of the development of independence of the Caucasus Republics (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia) through unconditional observance of the party relations between the Communist parties of these states and the Central Committee of the RKP.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 475)


REGULATIONS of the public court of the georgian SSR
Section I.  Court Arrangement
Chapter I
Organization of Public Courts
1. The unified court shall be established in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
3. The Public Court shall carry out its function on the territory of Districts, Cities or Regions.
4. The number of public judges, as well as the territorial division shall be decided by the District Executive Committee of Workers and Peasants and approved by the Public Commissariat of Justice.
Note: The number of public judges, as well as the territorial division in Tbilisi and Batumi shall be decided by the City Council of Workers and Peasants and approved by the Public Commissariat of Justice.  The other towns and cities will be attached to the districts.
The Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Georgian SSR B. Mdivani
The Public Commissar of Justice S. Kavtaradze
The Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee Al. Salaridze.
30 July 1921
(Messenger of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs, N 16, 1921, p.5-12)


EXTRACT FROM THE REZOLUTION on Independence of the Abkhazian SSR ADOPTED BY THE JOINT SESSION OF THE RKB (B) ORGBUREAU, REVKOM AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS
15 October 1921
Proceeding from the RKP Programme and the new economic policy endorsed by the X Congress of the RKP on the one hand, and from the practice of interethnic relations between Abkhazs and Georgians established by Mensheviks – on the other, the session supports the Decision of Batumi Session of 28 March of this year, as well as the Declaration on Independence of Abkhazia adopted by the Revcom of Georgia on 21 May.
At the same time, taking into account the economic inequality and small amount of population of Abkhazia, which has close historical and cultural ties with Georgian people and unity of economy and economic policy of Georgia and Abkhazia, the session finds necessary to establish close cooperation between the Georgian SSR and Abkhazia.
Due to the sovietization of both republics in the nearest future, the session considers inevitable to establish promptly such relations between Georgia and Abkhazia through the Union-Treaty of the equal republics.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 481)


DECREE on the Relations between Abkhazia and Georgia adopted by the Presidium of the RKP(B) of the Caucasus Bureau.
16 November 1921
1. To consider the existence of independent Abkhazia non-purposeful with the economic and political point of view.
2.  To entrust comrade Eshba with the task of proposing the final conclusion on entering Abkhazia to the Georgian Federation on the basis of Agreement or as autonomous Okrug – to the RSFSR.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – Historical Region of Georgia, p. 481-482)


MINUTES N 30 OF THE SESSION OF THE PREZIDIUM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GEORGIA
17 November 1921
Chairman: Orakhelashvili
Members of the Presidium: Okujava, Mdivani, Kavtaradze, Eliava.
Participants:
Head of the Organizational Department Donenko, head of the Public Propaganda Department Tumanov, Head of Special Detachments Khutulashvili, Secretary of the Party Committee of the South-Ossetia Gagloeyv, Chairman of the South-Ossetian Revcom Jatiyev, member of the South-Ossetian Revcom Kozayev.
Heard:
The application of the Revcom and Party Committee of the South Ossetia on announcing Tskhinvali as the administrative center of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
Repporteurs: comrades Jatiev and Orakhelashvili.
Decided:
1) To include city of Tskhinvali within the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and announce it as the administrative center of the Oblast.  
2) To ask the Revcom of Georgia to entrust the Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs with the task of nominating, together with the secretariat of the Central Committee, two representative from the commissariat and one from the Georgian Revcom.
3) To include two representatives from South Ossetia to the Commission.
4) To entrust the Commission with the task of learning the conditions for implementation of Decree N 1 and also of identifying the administrative border of the South Ossetia.
5) To entrust the Commission with task of reporting the Presidium of the Central Committee on the results of the activity; after this the Commission shall implement the tasks provided for in section 1.
(The Archive of the President of Georgia (APG), f. 14, desc.1, file 189, p. 27)


DECREE N 79  on subordination of the maritime transport management to the Revcom of
Georgia and the unification of the maritime transport of the Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz SSR adopted by the Revcom of the Georgian SSR
For the purpose of changing the Order N 52 issued on 18 May of this year, the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia Decrees:
1. The Management of the trade-harbours of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and their exploitation shall be carried out as of the independent maritime transport management and subordinate directly to the Revcom of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
2. To introduce the joint management of the maritime transport of Georgian SSR and the Abkhaz SSR in accordance of the Resolution on unification of the maritime transport of Abkhazia and Georgia adopted by the Revcom of the Abkhaz SSR on September 2 of this year;  Every harbour and the maritime agency, from Batumi to Gagra shall be subordinated to this joint management.     
3. The head of the management, i.e. the Head of Georgian and Abkhazian Maritime Transport shall submit the report of the Chairman of the Revcom of Georgia, and the important issues shall be submitted to the Presidium of the Revolutionary Committee.
4. The representative of the Maritime Transport shall be present on the territory of Abkhazia in the capacity of the assistant to the Head of Maritime Transport.  He shall be authorized to decide any issues of local importance. The principle and common issues shall be decided upon instruction from the Center.  The assistant to the Head of Maritime Transport shall be approved by the Revcom of Abkhazia upon nomination of the Head of Maritime Transport of Georgia and Abkhazia.
5. The Decree shall come into force since it is published.
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia B. Mdivani
Secretary of the Revcom Al. Salaridze
18 November 1921
(Messenger of the Public Commissariat of the Internal Affairs, N 21, 1921, p. 1)


RESOLUTION on the Relations between the RKP(B) Orgbureau of Abkhazia and the Cen-
tral Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia adopted by the Central Committee of the RKP(B) of the Caucasus Bureau
24 November 1921
The Organizational Bureau of Abkhazia shall be attached to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia in terms of administrative point of view thereby retaining the name of RKP.
Comrade Eshaba shall be the plenipotentiary member of the Central committee of the Communist Party of Georgia.
(Jemal Gamakharia, Badri Gogia; Abkhazia – historical Region of Georgia, p. 482)


MINUTES N 39 OF THE SITTING OF THE PREZIDIM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GEORGIA
12 December 1921
Chairman: Orakhelashvili
Members of the Presidium: Okujava, Kavtaradze, Mdivani, Dumbadze
Members of the Central Committee: Toroshelidze, Gogoberidze
Attended by: Head of Foreign Affairs Department of the Central Committee Dotsenko; members of the bureau of the faction Kurulashvili, Kiknadze, Mashkevich, Virap, Jugeli, Odilavadze; members of the administrative border-commission of the South Ossetia: Elderov, Gagloev, Kakabadze; comrade Lominadze; Commissar of the Internal Affairs Kvirkvelia; comrade V. Kandelaki.
Heard
The report by the South Ossetian border Commission
Repporteurs: comrades – Kakabadze, Gagloeyv, Kvirkvelia.
Decided:
1. To recognize Tskhinvali as the administrative center of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast; the autonomous power shall apply the territories with Ossetian settlements except of the Chasavali Community, which shall remain within the Racha District and of Kobi region, which shall remain within Dusheti District.
2. The precise borders of the autonomous Ossetia shall be determined by the Special Commission that is already working on this issue.
3. Until the breakthrough in the attitude of the Georgian population of Tskhinvali Region in favour of inclusion of this region into Autonomous Ossetia, the power in this city and the neighbouring Georgian villages shall be exercised by the regional Revcom of Gori District.
(APG, f. 14, desc.1, file 8, p.  44)


UNION TREATY BETWEEN THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA AND THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLUC OF ABKHAZIA
16 December 1921
The Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the one hand and the Soviet So­cialist Republic of Abkhazia on the other, proceeding from the national unity that exists between the working classes of Georgia and Abkhazia, and with respect of effective protection of the interests of both republics, as well as of the interests of the Revolution  through the joint effort, decided to conclude this Treaty; for this purpose the Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia nominated its plenipotentiary representative Sergi Kavtaradze and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia – Nikoloz Akirtava.  The aforementioned representatives, after submitting the credentials, agreed on the following:
1. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are establishing the military, political and financial-economic cooperation with each-other.
2. For the purpose of achieving the aforementioned goals, the both of governments declare united the following Commissariats:
a) Military
b) Finances
c) Public Economy
d) Post and Telegraph
g) Workers and Peasant Inspectorate
h) Public Commissariat of Justice
i) Maritime transportation
Note: the foreign affairs shall remain fully within the competence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
2) The Railway shall be under direct subordination of the Railway Department of the Trans-Caucasus.  The foreign trade – under the subordination of the Trade Department of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
3) The rules and forms of management of unified Commissariats shall be decided upon special agreement between the both governments.
4) In every regional union, namely within the Federation of the Trans-Caucasus Republics, Abkhazia enters through Georgia, which renders one third of its seats.
5) This Agreement shall come into force after it’s signed.
Plenipotentiary representative
of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia Kavtaradze
Plenipotentiary Representative
of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia N. Akirtava,  S. Kartozia
(Struggle for Strengthening the Soviet Power in Georgia. Tb. 1959, p. 177-178/in Georgian)


1922
RESOLUTION on Inter-relation of the state agencies adopted by the Revolutionary Committee of the Georgian SSR
Temporarily, before convocation of the Soviet Congress that shall elect the executive committees instead of the Revolutionary Committees, the state agencies in the Center, as well as at the local levels shall pursue the following guidelines:
1. The Legal Acts of common-state importance shall be issued only by the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia…
2. The decrees, resolutions, orders or decisions issued by the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia shall be binding to the public commissars, as well as to the local government agencies.
9. Internal agencies and the public utility departments of the districts, cities, Batumi region and South-Ossetian  Revcoms shall be subordinate to the Public Commissariat of the Internal Affairs; in addition, the aforementioned Commissariat shall carry out the control on the personnel of the local Revcoms and on the Revocm’s activity in a whole.
10. The Public commissar of the Internal Affairs shall submit to the Revcom of the Georgian SSR the reports on the issues raised by the local agencies, as well as the report on the activity of the mentioned organs.
20. This Resolution shall come into force from the day it’s published.
Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Georgian SSR Kavtaradze
Public Commissar of the Internal Affairs B. Kvirkvelia
Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee Al. Salaridze
10 January 1922
(Newspaper «Komunisti», N 15, 19 January, 1922)


MINUTES N 2 OF THE SESSION OF THE PREZIDIM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GEORGIA
15 January 1922, Tbilisi
Chairman: Orakhelashvili
Members of the Central Committee: Okujava, Mdivani, Kavtaradze, Dumbadze, Tsintsadze, Eshba, Gogoberidze. Bolkvadze, Murdaleishvili.
Attended by: Svanidze, Kakabadze, Kakhiani, Rudakov, Devdariani, Kandelaki.
Heard:
Report by comrade Kakabadze on the results of political campaign in South Ossetia.
Decided:
1) To approve the previous Resolution on attaching Tskhinvali to the South Ossetian Autonomous Okrug (in favour – 7, against -3)
2) The issue on 12 Georgian villages to the North of Tskhinvali shall be decided at the Congress of Georgian Soviets.
(APG, f. 14, desc.1, file 189, p. 2 )


RESOLUTION OF THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE SOVIETS OF ABKHAZIA on the Fede­-
ra­tion of the Soviet Republic of the Trans-Caucasus and federation Abkhaz SSR with Georgian SSR
The establishment of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federation is dictated not only by the political and international conditions, but it also has very practical goal in economic point of view.  Establishment of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federation will put an end to the inter-ethnic confrontation and dirty and devastating policy of the Tsar’s Russia and nationalistic parties of Mensheviks, Dashnaks and Mussavatels that bred the national antagonism between the peoples of the Trans-Caucasus and provoked the bloodshed and clash (Armenian-Azerbaijanis clash, Armenian-Georgian war etc.).   At the same time the policy of Mensheviks, Dashnaks and Musavatels pointed to the political ties of these nationalistic governments with the European reaction demanding the full isolation from the Russian workers who hosted the flag against oppressors.
The Federative Union of the Trans-Caucasus Republics brings the firm and long peace between the peoples of the Trans-Caucasus and establishes the unified front of all the Soviet Republics against the capitalist states they are surrounded by.
Georgia and Abkhazia, concluding the Agreement on solidarity, mutual understanding and unity of interest of historically and economically linked peoples of Georgia and Abkhazia, through this Agreement will finally move away the ethnic hatred between these two fraternal peoples, which was bred by political Swindlers – Mensheviks.
Proceeding from the aforementioned the First Congress of the Workers and Peasants of the Abkhaz SSR and Red Army Deputies decrees:
1. Underlining the deteriorating policy of Mensheviks, Dashnaks and Mussavatists, the First Congress of the Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR expresses its firm belief that the working masses of the Trans-Caucasus will realize the idea of federation and strengthen the Trans-Caucasus Federative power through the decisive steps and joint effort of the peoples of the Trans-Caucasus.
2. The Agreement between the fraternal peoples of Georgia and Abkhazia  shall be recognized as inevitable for realization of political and economic interests of both peoples.
3. The Congress offers to the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR to elaborate the details of the Agreement with the Georgian SSR and implement it on the basis of union treaties as it is already in force for the Soviet Republics of the Trans-Caucasus.
Viva to Great RSFSR!
Viva to Federation of the Trans-Caucasus Republics!
Viva to the fraternal union of Georgia and Abkhazia
17 February 1922
(Abkhaz Soviets (1921-1927). Collection of Documents and Materials. Sukhumi, 1976, p. 27-29/in Russian)


CONSTIRUTION OF THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
Chapter I
General Provisions
1. Georgian workers, peasants and Red Army Men, guided by the ideas of the Great October Socialist Revolution, after abolishing the Constituent Assembly and all the central and local organs of the state authority of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, hereby establish the sovereignty and dictatorship of the proletariat rendering the whole state authority to the Soviets of Deputies in the Center, as well as at local levels.
Note: The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, on the basis of the right to free self-determination, includes: the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara, the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; the relation with the latter is based on the Special Union Treaty concluded between these Republics.
(…)
Chapter II
Article 5. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is a sovereign state, which may not tolerate the equal ownership from other sides on it territory; on its turn, Georgia shall respect the other’s territories.
Article 6. The state language of the Georgian SSR shall be Georgian.  All of the central organs are located in the city of Tbilisi.
Note: the national minorities shall be ensured the right to free development and application of their native languages in their own national-cultural organizations, as well as in the state agencies.
Article 7.  Any restriction of the rights of the national minorities, i.e. the oppression of equality with other citizens is inadmissible.

Chapter III.
Article 8.  The supreme power of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia belongs to the Congress of the All-Georgian Soviets of Workers, peasants and Red Army deputies; in the period of between the Congresses the supreme power is exercised by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee.
Chapter V
Structure of the Soviet Authority
a) Organization of the Central Power
Article 18.  The All-Georgian Soviet Congress consists of representatives of the District, City, Rural Soviet Congresses, as well as of Autonomous Republics and Autonomous Oblasts on the basis of following norms: from the District and Village Congresses –one deputy for 10000 inhabitants; from city and industrial towns – 1 deputy for 2000 voters.
Article 19. The All-Georgian Congress of Soviets shall be convened by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee once a year.
Article 20. The Special Congress of the All-Georgian Soviets may be convened by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee upon its own initiative or at the request of local Soviets having not less than one-third of the entire population of the republic.
21. The Congress of the All-Georgian Soviets shall elect the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee of not more than 95 members.
Chapter VI
All-Georgian Central Executive Committee
Article 22. The All-Georgian Central Executive Committee is the supreme legislative, executive and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Chapter VII
The Presidium of the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee
Article 33. The All-Georgian Central Executive Committee elects the Presidium of the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee.
Article 38. The Presidium of the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee shall verify the execution of the decisions and ordinances of the All-Georgian Executive Committee and directs the work in the center, as well as at local levels.
Article 39. The Presidium of the All-Georgian Executive Committee shall resolve the issues and conflicts relating to the interrelations on the one hand between the People’s Commissariats and other central organs, and on the other – with the local executive committees.
Article 40. The Presidium of the All-Georgian central Executive Committee shall decide the issues of administrative-economic division of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Chapter VIII
The Council of People’s Commissars
Article 45. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is entrusted with the general management of the affairs of the Georgian SSR. It shall consist of 12 People’s Commissariats; the Council is led by the chairman, who shall be a member of the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee.  These Commissariats are: a) Foreign Affairs; b) Military and Navy affairs; c) Internal Affairs, which includes the Departments of: National Affairs, Post and Telegraph, Central Statistics; d) Justice; e) Labour, which includes the Social Protection Division; d) public Education; e) Health-Care; f) Finances; g) Agriculture; h) Food  Processing; i) Supreme Council of Public Economy, which includes the Transportation Department; j) Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate.
Chapter XII
Jurisdiction of the Congress of the All-Georgian Soviets and of the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee
Article 62. The All-Georgian Congress and the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee deal with the affairs of state importance, such as:
a) General direction of the foreign and internal policy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
b) General administrative division of the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
c) Establishment and changing weights, measures, and money denominations of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
d) Making loans, signing customs and commercial treaties and financial agreements;
e) Working out a basis and a general plan for the national economy and for its certain branches on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
f) Approval of the budget, and levying taxes and establishing the duties of citizens to the state;
g) Establishing the bases for the organization of armed forces of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
h) State legislation, judicial organization and procedures, civil and criminal legislation etc;
i) Appointment and dismissal of the individual People’s Commissars, as well as of entire Council of People’s Commissars, and approval of the Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars;
j) Issuing general decisions on granting and forfeiting the Georgian citizenship and fixing rights of foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Georgia.
k) The right to declare general amnesty;
l) The All-Georgian Congress and the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee have charge of all other affairs which according to their decision, require their attention.
Article 63. The following issues are solely under the jurisdiction of the All-Georgian Congress:
a) Ratification and amendment of the basic principles of the Constitution;
b) Determination and alteration of boundaries, as well as ceding of the territories of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia or the rights rendered to the Republic.
c) Cooperation with foreign countries, declaration of war, ratification of peace treaties.
Chapter XIII
b) Organization of the Congress of the Local Soviets
Article 64.  The District Soviets are composed of the representative of community Soviets on the basis of the norm – 1 Deputy for 1000 inhabitants; from the cities within the District, Industrial Settlements and big villages – one deputy for 200 voters, but nor more than 200 deputies for entire district.
Note: The Military units, dislocated in the District outside of the District City territories, shall send their delegates to the District Congress without participating in the Community Soviets.
Note 3. All of the cities of the Republic of Georgia, except the cities of Poti and Tbilisi, shall be united with the respective Districts for the purpose of elections.
Article 65. The regular congresses of the soviets, including the autonomous republics and oblasts, shall be convened by the respective executive organs of the Soviet authority (Executive Committees) upon their own initiative or, upon request of local Soviets comprising not less than one-third of entire population of the given district, not less than once a year.
Article 66. Re-election of the city and community Soviets shall be conducted once a year.
Article 67. The Congress of District Soviets elects its executive organ - an executive Committee the membership of which shall not exceed 13.
Article 68.  The Executive Committee is responsible to the Congress of Soviets, which has elected it.
Article 69. In the boundaries of the respective territories the congresses the supreme power; during intervals between the convocation of the congress, the executive committee is the supreme power.
Article 70. The Decisions of the local Congress of Soviet may be revoked solely by the superior Congress, their executive committees, All-Georgian Central Executive Committee and its Presidium.
Article 71. The decisions of the Executive Committees and their Presidiums may be revoked by the higher Congress, Executive Committee and its Presidium, All-Georgian Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, and by the Council of People’s Commissars.
Chapter XIV
The Soviet of Deputies
Article 57.  Soviets of Deputies are formed in the Cities, industrial settlement and big villages on the basis of the norm – 1 deputy for 1000 inhabitants, but not less than 15 and not more than 50 deputies, except of the city of Tbilisi.
The Soviets shall participate in the District Congress and through them, in the Congress of Georgian Soviets, except the Cities of Poti and Tbilisi, which shall directly send their delegates to the Congress of Soviets of Georgia.
Article 73. Term of the deputy shall be one year.
Note: In small rural settlements, whenever possible, all questions shall be decided at general meeting of voters.
Article 74.  The Soviets of communities shall be formed on the basis of norm – 1 deputy for 100 inhabitants.
75. The Soviet of Deputies elects an executive organ (executive committee) – not more than three members for community, and in the cities – one for each 50 members, but not less than three and not more than 13 (for Tbilisi not more than 25); the Executive Committee is responsible to the Soviet, which has elected it.
Note: The District executive committee has the right to extend the composition of the community executive committees up to 4 members.
78. Within its jurisdiction, and in cases specified for in Article 73, the meeting of the voters is the supreme power in the given territory.
Chapter XV
Jurisdiction of the local organs of the Soviets
Article 80. The District Soviets and their executive committees have the rights to control the activity of the community soviets, as well as to overrule the decisions of the latter, giving notice in important cases to the central soviet authority.
Chapter XVI
The Departments at the Executive Committees and their subordination
Article 81. For the purpose of performing their duties, the local soviets, urban, district and community Soviets form the Departments led by the heads selected by the Executive Committee.
Article 82. The following Departments may be formed at the District executive committee:
1) Management; 2) Military; 3) Labour and Social Protection; 4) Public Education; 5) Finance; 6) Agriculture; 7) Food; 8) Workers’ and Peasants Inspectorate; 9) Health-Care; 10) Public utilities.
Note: Upon the permission of the Supreme Economic Council the Economic Department may be established at the District Executive Committee where the enterprises of all-Union importance are located.
Article 83. The Department is led by the Head, who may not be a member of the Executive Committee.  The Head of Department shall be elected by the executive committee and approved by the respective People’s Commissariat.  In the event of discrepancies the issue shall be decided by the Council of People’s Commissars.
Article 84. The Departments of the Executive Committee are under administrative subordination of the local executive committee; the instructions and orders of the local, as well as of higher executive committees and relevant People’s Commissariats are binding to them.
Chapter XVII
Relation of the central and local authorities
89. The Central organs deal with all matters solely through the local Soviets and their departments. All of the local standing organs and administrative-economic agencies subordinate to the People’s Commissariats, as well as ad-hoc organs shall be included within the relevant district and city Executive Committees or directly subordinated to them.  Certain exceptions may be introduced towards some organizations upon the special decision of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia or its Presidium.
90. Higher Executive Committees and their Presidiums, Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia and its Presidium are entitled to give direct instructions to the local executive committees and their presidiums.
91. Suspension of execution of any ordinances issued by the certain commissariats is admissible on the basis of decree of district or city executive committee but only under judicial responsibility of a letter and when such ordinance contravenes to the relevant Decision of the Council of People’s Commissars or of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia.
92. The District or City executive committee shall promptly inform the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia and the Council of People’s Commissars, as well as the relevant Commissariat on necessity and urgency of suspension.
93. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia makes decision on criminal liability of a guilty side, i.e. either the Commissariat, or the District or City executive committee that made a wrong decision on suspension of the Commissariat’s ordinance.
94. The Department of the executive committee, failing to fulfil the decision of the People’s Commissariat, shall promptly inform the Presidium; a latter, without termination of execution of the decision shall submit to the Council of People’s Commissars or to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia the conclusion on necessity of application of this sanction simultaneously informing the organ that have issued the ordinance.
95.  The executive committees of counties have the same rights on the same basis with regard of instructions issued by the District departments.  
Chapter XVIII
The Court
96. …The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall form the unified system of  People’s Court operating on the territory of District, region or city consisting of one permanent judge and two or six regular Assessors.
97. For appeal and private motions on verdicts, decisions and performance of the People’s Judges, and for exercising the control over the judiciary, the Council of People’s Judges shall be formed with a permanent residence in Tbilisi and authorized to hold interim sessions at the places.
(…)
Chapter XIX
Budgetary Rights
102. The state expenditure and income of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are combined in the state budget within the all-state.
105. The All-Georgian Congress of Soviets or the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee shall determine what matters of income and taxation shall go to the state budget and shat shall go to the local Soviets.
106. The local Soviets determine the taxation only for the needs of local economy with obligatory and preliminary submission of motivated estimate to the Council of People’s Commissars, subject to final approval by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee.
108. The assets for all-state needs shall be assigned from the State Treasury.
109. No expenditure, out of the state treasury not set forth in the budget of income and expenditure, shall be made without a special order of the central power.
110. For the needs of all-state importance, the relevant People’s Commissariats shall provide the credits at disposal of the local Soviets from the state treasury.
(…)
2 March 1922
(The Collection of the Constitutional Acts of the Georgian SSR. (1921-1978). Tbilisi, 1983, p. 19-22)


THE UNION TREATY of the soviet socialist republics of the trans-cau­casus
The authorized Conference of the representatives of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, based on the right to national self-determination declared by the Great Proletarian Revolution, recognizing the independence and sovereignty  of the participating sides and realizing the necessity of unification of their forces for the defence and economic purposes – decided that from now and on the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia shall establish political, military and economic cooperation on the following bases:
1. The supreme body of the Union of Republics shall be the Conference of Representatives, who will be elected by the Governments of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia in equal number.
13. The Union of Republics shall establish the relations with the RSFSR on the basis of Union Treaty.
12 March 1922
(The Struggle for strengthening the Soviet Power in Georgia, p. 108-110)


DECREE N 2  on Arrangement of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast issued by the Cen­-
tral Executive Committee of All-Georgia and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia
Central Executive Committee of the Socialist Georgia and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia decrees:
1. The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be the part of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; Tskhinvali shall be announced as the Center of the mentioned Oblast.
2. The territory of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Okrug shall be determined as follows:
a) The northern border lies by the Major Chain of the Caucasus along the southern border of the Autonomous Republic of Highlanders.
b) The western border-line starts from the border with the Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic of Highlanders at the outfall of the River Chanchakhi, crosses the altitude of 8 872 and goes to Mount Tsitelta, crosses the River Chanchakh and goes by Mount Geske,  stretches to the south-west till Mount Dzvari at the altitude of 6 062, then it goes down to Mount Veluanti and Mount Kudevi at the altitude of 7 616; then it goes in the east – south direction through the village Perevi and reaches Mount Perangi at the altitude of 5 201 to the west of the River Dzirula; it then crosses the latter and Kaprebis-Seri chain; at the altitude of 4 172 goes along the River Charat-Khevi and across the Kaprebis-Seri chain stretches the River Lopani.
c) To the South: the border goes by Corchan-Tsnelisi road, crosses the River Lopani and down to Tsnelisi turns on the north-east; goes through the village Atotsi, crosses the River Frona down to the village Okoni;  then it goes to the South along the east bank of the river Frona; crosses the left inflow of Frona down to the village Dvani;  goes along Dvani-Gujaburi road and crosses the River Didi Liakhvi on the south of Tskhinvali and up to the village Ergneti; then is crosses the village Eredve and the River Patara Liakhvi up to the village Arbo; goes by the River Charebula up to Mereti and Koshki villages; then it turns to the south-east and crosses the River Orteva at the village Plavismani and the River Adzura and Mejuda at the villages of Adzvisa and Mejekhiskhevi; the border line goes to the north-east of the villages of Kirbalisa and Bershueti, crosses the River Tartla down to the village of Tsinakari and the right bank of the river Lekhura at the village of Khurvaleti going round to the villages: Orchosani, Abrevi and others; crosses the River Lekhuri at the village of Sakorintlo and Odzisi, the River Ksani up to Odzisi and reaches Mount Ipani.
d) To the East: the border-line from Mount Ipani turns to the North and crosses Khnartsvsa, village Mikeliantkari, Irmis Sopeli and other villages; turns round from the north at the altitude of 6 409 passing by the remains of the Old Church and goes along the River Alevi; crosses Mounts Chartala, Sapersheti and Takhti;  stretches along the River Aragvi and Ksani inflows and crosses the hills of: Kurkutsa, Munkhuji and Lomisi Pass at the ruins of Monastery and stretches until the Jamuri Passing; crosses the right inflows of Aragvi – Ganisa, Ereti and others and goes along the upper part of the River Aragvi; then turns to the west, crosses Nount Lazg-Tsiti and goes to the water-dividing chain between the River Terek and the River Didi Liakhvi finally reaching Mount Vailk-Pars.
3. The Central Executive Committee and the local Soviets (councils)  shall be the governing organs of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
4. The Public Commissariat shall be established for the management of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast: a) Internal Affairs, b) Justice, c) Education, d) Health, e) Labour and Social Protection, f) Agrarian, g) Food Industry, h) Finances, I) Economy and j) Workers and peasants Inspectorate.
Note 1. The Extraordinary Council of the Public Commissars will not be set up and the Public Commissariats shall exercise their duties as the departments of the Central Executive Committee.
Note 2. Foreign Affairs and the Foreign Trade shall remain under the authority of the central agencies of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The military affairs shall be under the competence of the Military Commissariat, which is under the direct subordination to the Military and Navy Commissariat of Georgia and it will be arranged  by the latter upon the consent of the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia.
The fighting against the counter-revolution will remain under the competence of the Extraordinary Commission of Georgia.
5. In order to arrange and protect the unified financial and economic system on the territory of the Georgian SSR, the commissariats on FOOD, Finances, Labour, Economy and Workers and Peasants inspectorate of the South Ossetia shall remain subordinate to the relevant commissariats of the Georgian SSR.  The instructions and measures of the latter shall be carried out by the public commissariats of South Ossetia through the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia.
The Public Commissars specified for in Article 5 shall be appointed by the relevant Commissars of the Georgian SSR upon the consent of the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia and they will be approved by the latter.
6. The following Public Commissariats of South Ossetia: Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health, Agrarian and Social Protection shall be independent in their function and accountable to the Central Organs of the Georgian SSR through the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia.
7. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall provide every necessary financial and technical means to the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia from the state resources upon instructions by the Central Executive Committee of Georgia through the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia.
8. The issue of the administrative entities that are attached to the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be decided by the joint commission composing of representatives of the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia, Executive of Committee of neighbouring District and of the Central Government of the Georgian SSR.
The aforementioned Commission shall be entrusted with the task of completing its work not later than on 1 May of 1922.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Chairman of the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR T. Kalandadze
20 April 1922
(Messenger of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs, N 33, 1922, p. 81-84; Central State Historical Archive of the Nearest Future of Georgia (CSHANFG), f. 607, desc. 1, file 754, p. 4)


REGULATION for the State Navigation of Georgia ADOPTED BY THE COUNCIL OF PUB-
LIC COMMISSARS OF THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
The Council of the Public Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia decrees:
To approve the following Regulation for the State Navigation of Georgia.
1. For the development of the state navigation and improvement of the capacity of the sea-ports of Georgia “The State Navigation” shall be established.  The headquarters of the State Navigation shall be in Tbilisi.
2. The State Navigation shall be subordinate to the Department of Maritime Transport of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and operate on the basis of this Regulation; at the same time the State Navigation is independent entity and exercises the operation on the commercial basis.
III.  The rights and responsibilities of the State Navigation
12. The State Navigation shall organize and manage the shipping within its competence, between the ports of Georgia Batumi and Gagra, as well as between the harbours of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea.
16. The State Navigation shall have the special (sole) right to the coasting trade in the region of Batumi-Gagra.
Chairman of the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian SSR S. Kavtaradze
Secretary of the Council Al. Salaridze
20 September 1922
(Messenger of the Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs, N 41, 1922, p. 2-5)


RESOLUTON on Introduction of the Criminal Code of the Soviet Socialist Republic of
Georgia adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR
The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia  decrees:
1. To introduce the Criminal Code on the whole territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of the South Ossetia and the Soviet Socialist Union Republic of Abkhazia from 15 November 1922.
(…)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia T. Kalandadze
9 November 1922
(Messenger of the Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs, N 44, 1922, p. 5-6)


RESOLUTION on Introduction of the Prosecutor’s Office adopted by the Central Execu-
tive Committee of the Soviet Georgia
The Central Executive Committee of Georgia Decrees:
To approve at this the Regulation on Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Resolution.
3. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia shall take the relevant measures to introduce the Prosecutor’s Office in the Republic of Abkhazia.
 (...)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia T. Kalandadze
11 November 1922
(Messenger of the Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs, N 44, 1922, p. 6-7)


REGULATION of the Prozecutor’s office ELABORATED BY THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE SOVIET GEORGIA
For observance of the lawfulness and effective fighting against crime, the Central Executive Committee of Georgia decrees:
1. To set up the Prosecutor’s Office at the Public Commissariat of Justice.
3. The public Commissar of Justice in a capacity of the State Prosecutor shall lead the Prosecutor’s Office.  The Department of Procurator established within the Public Commissariat of Justice shall be subordinate to the State Prosecutor.
5. The State Prosecutor shall be included in the Presidium of Central Executive Committee and in the Council of Public Commissars with the deliberative vote in case he has no casting vote upon election.
6. The Prosecutor of the East Georgia, Prosecutor of the West Georgia, Prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal, Prosecutor of Adjara and South Ossetia shall be subordinate to the State Prosecutor;  they will be appointed and dismissed by the State Prosecutor if the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
(…)
8. This Regulation shall come into force from 15 November 1922.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia T. Kalandadze
11 November 1922
(Messenger of the Public Commissariat of Internal Affairs, N 44, 1922, p. 7-9)


EXTRACT FROM THE CONSTITUTION of the Soviet Socialist federative Republic of the
Trans-Caucasus
Section One
Chapter 1.
Revolution and Unification of the Workers of the Trans-Caucasus
2. … the workers of the Trans-Caucasus Republic and of the Autonomous entities established within this Republic, in order to work in accordance of the plan elaborated for revival of the economy and for the defence purposes from internal and external enemies, established the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics of the Trans-Caucasus.
3. … taking into account the situation in the Trans-Caucasus republics…, the workers of the Trans-Caucasus republics find necessary to recognize this political, economic and military Union.  For this purpose the representatives of the all the republics of the Trans-Caucasus gathered at the First Congress and decided to establish the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus.
Section Six
Chapter IX
The Residence of the Central State Organs
(…)
Article 47. All of the Central State Organs of the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus shall have the Residence in the city of Tbilisi.
(…)
13 December 1922
(Collection of the Laws and Decrees adopted by the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus, N 2, 1923, p. 18-27)


EXTRACT FROM THE TREATY on establishment of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
The Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of Russia (RSFSR), the Soviet Socialist Republic of Ukraine (USSR), Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia (BSSR) and the Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of the Trans-Caucasus (TCSFSR – Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) conclude this Treaty on unification within one Union State – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the following bases:
(…)
30 December 1922
(Constitution and Constitutional Acts of the USSR (1922-1936). The Collection of Documents. Moscow, 1940, p. 19-22)


1923
STATUTE of the central executive committee of the USSR
Chapter I
General Provisions
3. The sittings of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR shall be held in a form of regular and special sessions.
8. The work of the session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR is held:
b) at the sessions of the Soviet of the Union;
b) at the sessions of the Soviet of Nationalities;
c) at the joint session of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities.
Chapter III
On the Soviet of Nationalities of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR
25. The Council of Nationalities shall hold its sittings only at the time of sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
29. The following organs are authorized to submit the issues for discussion to the Council of Nationalities: the Council of Nationalities itself and its Presidium, the Union Council and its Presidium, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Council of Public Commissars of the USSR, certain public commissariats of the USSR, central executive committees of the Union Republics, central executive committees of the autonomous republics, executive committees of the autonomous oblasts and also the members of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
12 November 1923
(Constitution and Constitutional Acts of the USSR (1922-1936), p. 25-31)


1924
BASIC LAW (THE CONSTITUTION) of the union of the soviet socialist republics
Part II
The Treaty on Forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Soviet Socialist Federative Republic of Russia (RSFSR), the Soviet Socialist Republic of Ukraine (USSR), the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia (BSSR), Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (TCSFSR: Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan, Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia) associate into one state – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
(…)
Chapter III
Congress of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
8. The supreme power of the state authority of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics belongs to the Congress of Soviets, and in periods between the convocation of congress to the Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisting of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of the Nationalities.
10.  The Congress of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics is composed of delegates of the provincial (Gubernia) congresses of soviets.  In the Republics where the Gubernia is not formed, he delegates shall be elected directly at the Congress of the respective republic.
Chapter IV
Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
13. The Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of the Nationalities.
14. The Congress of Soviets of the USSR elects the Soviet of the Union from the representatives of Union Republics proportionate to the population of each of the Union Republic in total 414 people.
15. The Soviet of Nationalities is formed from representatives of the Union republics and autonomous republics – 5 representatives from each, and from the autonomous oblasts of the RSFSS – one representative from each.  The composition of the Soviet of the Nationalities shall be approved by the Congress of the Soviets of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Note: the Autonomous Republics of Adjara and Abkhazia, and the Autonomous Oblasts of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia shall send to the Soviet of the Nationalities one representative each.
Article 26. In the period between convocation of the sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic shall exercise the function of the highest body of state authority; the Presidium shall be formed by the Central Executive Committee consisting of 21 members, which includes the all members of the Presidiums of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of the Nationalities.
(...)
Article 34. Decrees and resolutions of the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall be published in a language widely used in the Union Republics (Russian, Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Georgian, Armenian, Turk-Tatarian).
(…)
31 January, 1924, Moscow
(Constitution and Constitution acts of the USSR (1922-1936), p. 41-49)


DECREE on the application of the State Language and the languages of majority and minority populations at the state institutions. (ADOPTED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE SECOND CONVOCATION OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF GEORGIA on 27 February 1924)
For implementation of paragraph 3 of the Declaration on the Language adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Trans-Caucasus, the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Decrees:
1. Georgian shall be the state language of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
2. On the basis of this Decree the language of non-Georgian residents representing the ma­jority can be used at the state institutions of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia (Article 7) and also the language of the minority (Article 8) as Russian, Armenian and Turkish languages.
3. The Legal Acts, also the administrative Acts adopted by the Central Organ of the Government that are binding on the whole territory of the Republic, shall be published in state language, as well as in the languages of the aforementioned minorities.
Note.  In case of suspicion to the interpretation of the aforementioned acts the Georgian text shall be considered as original.
4. The decrees, instructions or declarations issued by the local organs that are binding to the population shall be issued in state language, as well as in the language of the majority of the district population (Article 7) and in the minority language specified for in Article 2 of this Decree (Art.8)
5. The paperwork at the state institutions shall be carried out in a state language respecting the exceptions given below.
6. Everyone shall have the right to submit the written or oral application to the central state organ, besides the state language, in one of the minority languages specified for in Article 2 and also ask for the document or information in one of these languages with translation.
7. In the institutions of districts, where according to the latest statistic data the majority of population are not Georgian ethnic, the paperwork shall be carried out in the language of this majority. This rule shall be authorized by the Central Executive Committee upon submission of the District Executive Committee.
8. The minority language used at the district institutions by the minority population shall be one of the languages specified for in Article 2 of this Decree if the number of this minority upon the latest statistic data exceeds 15 percent of the total population; this shall be authorized by the Central Executive Committee upon submission of the District Executive Committee.
9. The citizen, applying to the District institution or district official may use everywhere in the Republic the state language; in the Districts where the majority of population is non-Georgian they may use the language of this minority and also the language that is authorized as the language of application in this District upon Article 8 within the competence specified for in Article 6 of this Decree.
10. The inter-communication between the District institutions where the language of paperwork is established under Article 7 of this Decree and the Central organs of the government shall be carried out in a language of paperwork authorized for this district.  In the Districts, where the languages of application are different, the intercommunication shall be carried out in state language or in one of the languages specified for in Article 2.
11. The administrative organ, lower than the District Organ may carry out the paperwork in a state language or in one of the languages specified for in Article 2 upon the special decision made by the relevant executive committee; but the communication with the central or district institutions shall be carried out in a language applied to the paperwork in this particular district, and the communication with the populations shall be carried out according the rule specified for in Article 9 of this Decree.
12. Persons belonging to the nationality whose language is not applied to the whole of the territory or to the certain district shall be authorized to use Russian in every institution according to the rule specified for in Article 6.
13. The language of proceedings at the judicial institutions shall be determined by the criminal and civil procedural codes.  The side of the proceeding, which has no command in a state language or the language of majority of the certain district, shall be authorized: a) to submit the application, information or any other document relating to the proceedings in a language of minority used in this language; b) to give a verbal explanation in the same language; c) to ask for interpreter from the court to make understandable any act of the proceedings, the bill of indictment and motion, the conclusion of prosecutor’s supervision, the court judgment, decision or ruling, witness’s testimony and the conclusion of the expert; d) to ask for the copy of court judgment, decision or ruling, as well as the protocol or other acts of the proceedings translated into that language; and  e) to receive the summon or application in that language.
14. The Decree shall come in to force from 1 May of 1924.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR M. Tskhakaia  
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR P. Sabashvili
4 April 1924  
(Collection of Law and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 1, 1924, p. 19-21)


DECREE on the introduction of the Civil Justice Code of the Soviet Socialist Republic of
Georgia issued by the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR of the Second Convocation on 28 February 1924)
1.  The Civil Justice Code shall be introduced from 1 May of 1924 in the whole of ter­ri­tory of the Georgian SSR, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.  The Central Executive Committees of the mentioned Republics and Oblast shall have the right to submit for approval to the pre­sidium of the Central Executive Committee the changes and amendment to the Civil Justice Co­de that are necessary for adapting this Code with the local environment of relevant republic of ob­last.
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR – M. Tskhakaia
Public Commissar of Justice of Georgian SSR – I. Vardzieli
Secretary of the Executive Committee – P. Sabashvili
11 April 1924
(Messenger of the Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of the All- Georgian SSR, N 4, 1924, p. 95-96)


DECREE on certain changes and amendments to the Regulations on Court Arrangement
in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR of the Second Convocation on 28 February 1924)
The Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR Decrees:
To introduce the following changes to the Regulations of the Court Arrangement:
5. Chapter XI. I. The Procurator
83. The Procurator’s Office is led by the Procurator of the Republic – the Public Commissar of Justice.  The Department of Procurator of the Justice Commissariat is under the direct subordination of the Prosecutor of the Republic.
85. The Prosecutor of the Republic shall be included in the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR and the Council of the Public Commissars with the deliberative vote if he has no casting vote upon election.
86. The Prosecutor of the West Georgia, the prosecutor of the East Georgia and the Prosecutor of the Marshal Court shall be in direct subordination to the prosecutor of the Republic.
87. The Prosecutors in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia shall be appointed and dismissed by the executive committees of this Republic and oblast respectively and within this republic or oblast they shall enjoy all of the relevant rights, but in the issues relating to the common legislation of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Procurator’s Offices of Adjara and South Ossetia shall be subordinate to the Prosecutor of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and accountable to him.  
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR – M. Tskhakaia
Public Commissar of Justice of Georgian SSR – I. Vardzieli
Secretary of the Executive Committee – P. Sabashvili
19 April 1924
(Collection of Law and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 1, 1924, p. 51-62)


DECREE N 128 ISSUED BY THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE SOVIET
GEORGIA On reorganizations of the District Court of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and of the Supreme Court of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
On the basis of the Note to Article 1 of the Decree N 52 on adoption of the Regulations on the Court Arrangement of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the Resolution adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the South Ossetian Autonomous oblast of 52 August of this year, the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia Decrees:
1. To give the name of the Major Court of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast to the District Court of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
2. The members of the Major Court of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be appointed by the Central Executive Committee of this Oblast.  The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Major Court shall be nominated by the Central Executive Committee of the South-Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and approved by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia.
3. Two representatives from the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be included in the Supreme Court of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic with the full rights of the members of the Supreme Court.
4. The member of the Supreme Court from the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall participate in the Cassation Board of the Supreme Court while the applications or protests are submitted on the judgments made by the courts of South Ossetia.
5. The member of the Supreme Court from the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall attend the Court Plenum if the case discussed will be preceded at the courts of South Ossetia or is launched in practice of these courts.
6. The member of the Supreme Court from South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be elected by the Central Executive Committee of this oblast and approved by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia M. Tskhakaia
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia S. Todria
12 December 1924
(Collection of Law and Decrees issued by the Workers and Peasants Government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, N 7, 1924, p. 2-3)


1925
REGULATIONS of the central executive committee of the all-georgian soviets (APPROVED
BY THE THIRD SESSION OF THE CEC ON 8-9 OCTOBER 1924; went in to force on 12 January 1925)
Chapter I
General Provisions
4. The Regular Session of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Georgian Soviets shall be convened by its Presidium three times a year.
5. The Extraordinary Session of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia shall be convened under the decision of its Presidium upon the request of the executive committee of Adjarian Autonomous Republic, South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and Union Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia or upon the request of the one third of the members of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia.
(…)
9. The issues for discussion at the Central Executive Committee can be submitted by its Presidium, as well as of the central executive committees of the Council of Public Commissars of the Georgian Socialist Republic, certain public commissariats, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia, also the members of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia.
(…)
Chapter III
Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia
(…)
16. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee issues the Decrees, Decisions and Instructions, considers and approves the draft-decrees submitted by the Council of Public Commissars of the Soviet Georgia, certain institution, central executive committees and the presidiums of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia.
Note. Certain institutions, executive committees and the presidiums of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia shall submit the draft Decrees and Resolutions to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee – the former, through the Council of Public Commissars of the Soviet Georgia and the latter – through their own executive committees of the council of public commissars.
(…)
21. The central executive committees of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Republic of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia shall be authorized to file the protest to the session of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia against the Resolution issued by the Presidium of the latter.
(…)
23. The issues submitted by the central executive committees of the Presidiums of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia shall be discussed directly by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia or transferred to the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia for preliminary discussion or to the interested institutions for the preliminary conclusions.
(…)
26. While discussing the issues relating to the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia, their representatives shall participate in the sessions of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee with the deliberative vote; upon the special decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive committee the other persons also may be invited to the discussion.
Chapter V
Members of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Georgia
(…)
35. A member of the Central Executive committee of the Soviet Georgia shall be authorized to attend all of the sessions of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia with the deliberative vote, also the meetings of the central and local agencies of the Soviet Georgia.
(…)
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 6-10)


REGULATIONS of the Council of Public Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia (Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went in to force
on 12 January 1925)
(…)
In addition to Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, the following organs shall have the right to submit the issues to the Council of the Public Commissars of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic:
(…) The Central Executive Committees and the Presidiums of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and the Union Republic of Abkhazia.
(…)
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 13-15)


GENERAL REGULATIONS of the Public Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of
Georgia (Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went into force
on 12 January 1925)
(…)
6. The Decree issued by the Public Commissariat of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic may be suspended by the Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia if the Decree runs counter to the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia or its legislation or the legislation of the mentioned autonomous entities.  The central executive committee or Presidium of the autonomous entity shall promptly inform the Council of the Public Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia about suspension of the Order.
7. Every commissariat of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, as well as the Supreme Council of the Public Economy shall lead the field under their respective competence; the issues relating to the state management on the whole territory of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as the relations with the commissariats of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia shall be determined under the special Regulations.
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 16-17)


REGULATIONS of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs of the Soviet Socialist Repub-
lic of Georgia (Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went into force
on 12 January 1925)
I. General Provisions
1.The Commissariat of the Internal Affairs is the central organ for the internal management and at the same time it exercises the function of the executive staff for the Central Executive committee and the Presidium of the CEC of Georgia.
2. The major aim of the Commissariat of the Internal Affairs is as follows:
a) supervision over the arrangement and activity of the local agencies of the state.
b) monitoring over the implementation of decrees and resolutions of administrative character issued by the state organs at the central and local levels; it shall encourage or force the relevant organs or entity to implement the decrees and resolutions.
c) to maintain the state order and public peace;    
(…)
… the commissariat of Internal Affairs shall:
d) submit the report to the Central Executive committee of Georgia or its Presidium on the legal acts and amendments adopted by the governing organs of the autonomous entities if these acts run counter to the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia or to the common-state legislation.  
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 20)


REGULATIONS of the Public Commissariat of the Education of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
(Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went into force
on 12 January 1925)
General Provisions
The Public Commissariat of Education leads the scientific, art,
educational and social educational affairs, including the vocational education of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; it is the executive staff of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia and of its Presidium in this sphere.
Note: the Commissariat of Education also shall lead the scientific, art, education and social educational affairs, including the vocational education in the Union Republic of Abkhazia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
(…)
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 41)


REGULATIONS of the Public Commissariat of Labour Affairs of the Soviet Socialist Repub-
lic of Georgia (Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went into force
on 12 January 1925)
General Provisions
Chapter 1
1. The Public Commissariat of Labour Affairs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is the central organ, which shall regulate the labour conditions in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and at the same time it is the executive staff of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia and of its Presidium in this sphere.
Chapter II
2. The aim of the Public Commissariat of Labour Affairs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is as follows:
j) to guide the local labour organs and their activities on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia (the commissariats of labour affairs, as well as the Labour Inspectorates, Labour Stocks and the Social Insurance Agencies of the Union Republic of Abkhazia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia)
(…)
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia S.Todria
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1-2, 1925, p. 62-63)


REGULATIONS of the Supreme Council of the Public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia (Approved by the Third Session of the CEC on 8-9 October 1924; went into force on 12 January 1925)
I. General Provisions
1. The Supreme Council of the Public Economy is the Central Organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia with the authority of the Public Commissariat.; it shall regulate, direct and administer the industry and subordinate trade agencies on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia in accordance with the rules established by law.
2. The Supreme Council of the Public Economy is subordinate to the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia and is the executive organ of the latter; at the same time it shall pursue the directives issued by the Supreme Council of Economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
(…)
5. The sphere of competence of the Supreme Council of Economy is as follows:
e) to draw up the industrial plans and budget for the enterprises of the Republic; to consider and approve the industrial plans and budget of the autonomous republics and oblasts and after having them discussed by the economic council to submit them to the Supreme Council of the Public Economy of the USSR; to carry out the relevant measures for implementation of the industrial plans and budgets of the Republic and for drafting of the report on implementation.
7…
The Supreme Council of Public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, on the basis of the current laws, shall guide:
the Public Council of Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Departments of Economy of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia (in the field of local industry), which are operating in compliance with the Constitutions of the Union Republics and Autonomous Entities and of the special Regulations on the Economic Councils and Economic Departments.
10. Industrial-economic Department of the Supreme Council of Public Economy shall lead the industrial affairs and the trade agencies and the enterprises of the republican importance that are under subordination of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The department
d) shall guide the Council of public Economy of Abkhazia, departments of economy of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, as well as the activity of the industrial and subordinate trade agencies.
(…)
(Messenger of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of Public Commissars of Georgia, N 1, 1925, p. 71-75)


MINUTES Of  THE FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE SOVIET OF WORKERS’ AND PEASANTS’
DEPUTIES OF THE SOUTH OSSETIAN AUTONOMOUS OBLAST
31 March 1925
Heard:
Information of comrade Kargiyev, the representative of the Central Executive Committee of the North Ossetia about the Resolution of the First Congress of the North Ossetia on unification of South Ossetia and North Ossetia.
Decided:
1. Having heard the information about the resolution adopted by the Congress of the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on the unification of North and South Ossetia, the Fifth Congress of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast welcomes the Resolution of the First Congress of the North Ossetia and finds timely to raise this issue.
2. The Fifth Congress of the Soviets of the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia realizes this unification within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
3. The Fifth Congress of the Soviets of the Autonomous Oblast of Ossetia instructs the Central Executive Committee of South Ossetia to set up the special commission together with the CEC of North Ossetia for learning the issue of the unification of north and south Ossetia.
4. After the Commission has studied the issue of unification of both Ossetia, the Central Executive Committees of both oblasts shall be entrusted with the task of unifying south and north Ossetia.
Chairman A. Jatiev
(CSHANFG, f. 284, desc. 1, file 179, p. 3)


CONSTITUTION of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
Chapter I
General Provisions of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
1. Workers, peasants and Red Army men of Abkhazia, having overthrown the state power of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, formed the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, established the sovereignty and proletarian dictatorship rendering the all power to the Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’ and Read Army deputies.
3… on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia:
a) All private property in land is abolished, and the entire land is declared to be national property and is to be appropriated among workers without any charge and on the basis of equal usage.
b) All private property in large factories and enterprises is abolished; the procedure for nationalization of the large enterprises and production means shall be determined by the special decrees.
4.  Abkhaz SSR, united on the basis of Union Treaty with the Georgian SSR, enters the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic through the Georgian SSR and as a member of latter, the USSR.
    (…)
Chapter II
5. The Abkhaz SSR is a sovereign state exercising the state authority on its entire territory independently from any other power.
The sovereignty of Abkhazia, bearing in mind its voluntary association with the TCSFSR and the USSR, shall be limited by the Constitutions of the mentioned Unions.
The citizens of the Abkhaz SSR, retaining the republican citizenship, are the citizens of the TCSFSR and of the USSR.
The territory of the Abkhaz SSR may not be altered without its consent.
6. The language of use at the state organizations of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be Russian.
Note: All the nationalities of the USSR shall be secured the right to develop and use freely their native language in national-cultural, as well as in state organizations.
7. The city of Sukhumi shall be the place of residence of the state organizations of the Abkhaz ASSR.
8. The Abkhaz SSR recognizes the equal rights of citizens irrespective of race and nationality; any direct or indirect limitation of the rights of citizens, or establishment of privileges on grounds of race or nationality, and any oppression of national minorities or restriction of their rights are punishable by law.
Chapter III
14. The Abkhaz ASSR grants the right of asylum to foreigners persecuted for political or religious reasons favouring the Socialist Revolution.
Chapter V
Organization of the central power, Congress of the Soviets of Workers’, peasants and Red Army Deputies
17. The Congress of Soviets of Workers’ Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies is the supreme power of the Abkhaz SSR.
18. The Congress of Soviets of Workers’ Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies of the Abkhaz SSR is composed of representatives of congresses of provincial Soviets and Sukhumi City Soviet one deputy for 1000 inhabitants.
19. The Congress of the Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR shall be convened by the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR once a year.
20. The special Congress of the Abkhaz SSR shall be convoked by the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR upon its own initiative or at a request of the local Soviets having not less than one-third of the entire population of the Republic.
21. The Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR elects the central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR of not more than 100 members.
Chapter VI
The Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR
22. The Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR is the supreme legislative, executive and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
23. In period between the convocation of the Congress, the Central Executive Committee is the supreme organ of state authority of the Abkhaz SSR.
24. The Central Executive Committee shall direct in a general way the activity of the Workers’ and Peasants’ government and of all organs of the soviet authority in the country, and it shall coordinate and regulate the operation of the Soviet Constitution and of the resolutions of the congresses of the Abkhaz Soviets and of the central organs of the soviet power.
25. The Central Executive Committee considers and enacts the draft-decrees and other resolutions and proposals introduced by the council of People’s Commissars or by various People’s Commissariats and it also issues its own decrees and regulations upon its own initiative.
26. The Central Executive Committee shall give the special consideration to the decrees introducing the general norms of political and economic life, as well as the decrees, introducing the substantial changes in current practice of the state organs.
27. The Central Executive Committee shall exercise control over the work of agencies and local Soviets through raising the issues at the sessions and considering the relevant reports of the People’s Commissariats after examination of their work by the special Commission of the Central Executive committee, as well as the reports of the several of district executive committees.
28. The Central Executive Committee is responsible to the Congress of the Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR.
29.  The Central Executive Committee shall convoke the Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR, at which time the Executive Committee reports on its activity and on general issues of all-state importance.
30. The Central Executive Committee shall form the Council of People’s Commissars for the purpose of general management of the affairs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, and it also forms certain People’s Commissariats for the purpose of conducting various branches.
31. The Central Executive Committee has the right to revoke and suspend any resolution or decision issued by the Council of People’s Commissars.
Chapter VII
Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR
32. The Central Executive Committee elects the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR.
33. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to submit the draft-decrees to the Plenum of the Central Executive Committee for consideration.
34. The presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right to issue the decrees and resolutions, to introduce the changes and amendments to the Codes adopted by the Central Executive Committee subject to confirmation at the next session of the Central Executive Committee.
35. In the period between the convocation of session of the Central Executive Committee, the Presidium has the right to suspend the decrees of the Council of People’s Commissars, appoint and dismiss the individual People’s Commissars upon recommendation of the Council of People’s Commissars.
36. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is carrying out the function on behalf of the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR.
37. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee resolves the issues and disputes between the People’s Commissariats and other central organs on the one hand, and between the local executive committees on the other.
39. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is entitled to decide the issues of administrative-economic division of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
40. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee has the right file the motion on exerting the pardon, confirm the awarding of Decoration of the Red Flag and decide the other matters within the limits of its jurisdiction.
41. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is responsible for preparation of the Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Sessions of the Central Executive Committee; at this the all relevant documents shall be published by the Presidium a month before of the Congress and two-weeks before of the session.
43. The special session shall be convened upon the initiative of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, or upon the proposal of the People’s Commissariat, or at the request of the one-third of the members of the Central Executive Committee.
Chapter VIII
Council of People’s Commissars
44. The Council of People’s Commissars is entrusted with the general management of the affairs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia chaired by the special official – a member of the Central Executive Committee and consisting of the following Commissariats:1) Internal Affairs, 2) Justice, ) Education, 4) Health care, 5) Agriculture and 6) Social Protection.
The Council of the People’s Commissars also includes the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Public Economy, representatives of the People’s Commissar of Finance, Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, Labour and Internal Trade and the Chairman of the Special Commission.
45. The management of the foreign affairs, military and navy affairs, foreign trade, communication, Post and Telegraph is vested in the relevant commissariats of the USSR.
46. The Council of People’s Commissariats has the right to issue the decrees, decisions and ordinances and take measures necessary for proper development of the state life.
47. The decrees and decisions of the general political importance shall be submitted for consideration and approval to the Central Executive Committee.
48. The Council of People’s Commissars is entirely responsible to the Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz ASSR and to the Central Executive Committee.
49. None of the organs, except the Congress of the Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR, the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People’s Commissars has the right to issue the legal acts of the all-state significance.
Chapter IX
People’s Commissariats
50. The people’s Commissariats shall issue the decisions and ordinances solely within the limits of their competence.
53. The People’s Commissariats are entirely responsible to the Council of People’s Commissariat and to the central Executive Committee.
54. The ordinances of the People’s Commissariats may be revoked by the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People’s Commissars.
Chapter X
The interrelation of the Central and Local Organs of the State Authority
55. The Central Organs of the State Authority at a local level exercise their power solely through the local executive committees and their departments. The exception for certain institutions may be introduced only under the special Decision by the Central Executive Committee or its Presidium.
56. Only the higher executive committees, presidiums, the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz ASSR and its Presidium, and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Abkhaz ASSR shall be entitled to instruct the executive committees and their Presidiums.
Note: The People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs shall carry out the function of the executive staff of the presidium of the Central Executive Committee and observe the organization and activity of all local organs.
57. The District Executive Committee has the right, to suspend the execution of the decision of certain Commissariats under the collective responsibility of the latter and if the decision runs counter to the relevant Decision of the Council of People’s Commissars and of the Central Executive Committee.
58. The District Executive Committee shall promptly give the notice in suspension of the decision to the presidium of the central Executive Committee and to the Council of people’s Commissars, as well as to the corresponding People’s Commissar.
59.  The Department of the Executive Committee, finding the failure of execution of the instruction for some reason, is obliged to inform promptly the Presidium, which, without termination of the progress in executions, shall inform the Council of People’s Commissars or the Central Executive Committee.
Chapter XI.
The Economic Council
Article 60.  The Economic Council is to be established under the Council of People’s Commissars for the purpose of administration and coordination of the work of the People’s Commissariats in the field of economic development of the Country.
Article 61. The Economic Council shall have the status of the Commission - the Economic Council of the People’s Commissariats.
Article 62. The composition of the Economic Council shall be determined by the special Regulations.
Article 63. In exercising its function the Economic Council shall be entitled to issue the Decrees, decision, instructions and take measures for proper and timely implementation of them, namely it shall introduce the unified economic plan of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, direct the economic activity of the People’s Commissars in pursuance to this plan, exercise control over its implementation and when necessary seize some closes from the plan.
64. The Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars are entitled to revoke or suspend the decrees or decisions of the Economic Council upon the protest of the People’s Commissars of upon its own discretion.
Chapter XII
The Jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and
of the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz ASSR
Article 65. The Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR and the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR shall deal with the matters of all-state significance outside of the jurisdiction of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and the USSR, such as:
a) Administration in general way the internal policy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
b) The general administrative division of the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
c) Working out a basis an a general plan of the national economy and for its various branches on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
d) Consideration of the budget of the Abkhaz ASSR and introduction of taxes and establishing the duties with the consent of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
e) All-state legislation, arrangement of the Courts, judicial proceedings, civil and criminal legislation and others;
f) Appointment and dismissal of the individual People’s Commissars or the entire Council, also approval of the Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars.
g) the right to declare the amnesty on the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR, exercising the pardon and rehabilitation of citizens convicted by the judicial and administrative organs of the Republic.
h) Granting and forfeiting the citizenship of the Abkhaz SSR;
i) The matters within the jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR.
66. The following issues are solely under the jurisdiction of the Congress of Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR:
a) Ratification and amendment of the fundamental principles of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia;
b) Consideration of the issues relating to the alteration of the borders of the Abkhaz SSR on the basis of Basic Laws of the USSR and the TCSFSR.
Chapter XIII
Organization of the Soviet Power
at the local level The local Congress of Soviets
67.  The Congress of District Soviets is composed of representatives of rural Soviets on the basis of the norm - one deputy for 500 inhabitants and from the District cities – one deputy for 100 voters, but not more than 200 deputies from entire district.
Note 1. The Military units, irrespective of the place of dislocation, shall send the delegates to the District Congress on the basis of representation as for the workers, i.e. one deputy for 100 voters.
Note 2. All of the cities of the Abkhaz SSR shall be united with the respective District for the purpose of elections
68.  The Special Congress of the Soviets shall be convened by the relevant executive organ of the state authority (executive committees) upon its own discretion or at the request of the local Soviets comprising not less than one-third of the entire population of the given district.  In any case they are convoked at least once a year.
Article 69. Re-election of the Sukhumi City Soviet and community Soviets shall be conducted once a year.
Article 70. The Congress of District Soviets elects its executive organ - an executive Committee the membership of which shall not exceed 15 and not less that 11.  The organization and function of the District Executive Committees shall be determined by the special Regulations.
Article 71.  The Executive Committee is responsible to the Congress of Soviets, which has elected it.
Article 72. In the boundaries of the respective territories the congresses the supreme power; during intervals between the convocation of the congress, the executive committee is the supreme power.
Article 73. The Decisions of the District Congress of Soviets may be revoked solely by the Congress of the Soviets, the Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of Abkhaz ASSR.
The decisions of the District Executive Committees and their Presidiums may be revoked by the higher Congress, Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, and by the Council of People’s Commissars.
Chapter XIV
The Soviet of Deputies
Article 74.  The city of Sukhum elects the City Soviet according the following norm: one deputy for 100 voters and sends its delegates to the Congress of the Soviets of the Abkhaz SSR.
Organization and procedures of operation of the Sukhumi City Soviet and its executive organ shall be determined by the special Regulations.
Article 75.  The Soviets of communities shall be formed on the basis of norm – 1 deputy for 100 inhabitants.
Article 76. Term of the Deputy shall be one year.
Article 77. For the current work the rural Soviets of Deputies shall elect among from the deputies the executive organ (executive committee) composed of three members.
Organization and procedure of operation of the rural Soviets and their executive committees shall be determined by the special Regulations.
Article 78.  The Soviet of Deputies shall be convened by the executive committee upon its own initiative or at the request of not less than a half of the members of the Soviet, but at least once a month.
Article 79.  The Soviet of Deputies, within its competence, is the highest body of the state authority on its territory.
Chapter XV.
Jurisdiction of the Local organs of the State Authority
Article 80. The District organs of the soviet power and also the Local Soviets of Deputies have to perform the following duties:
a) Carry out all orders of the respective higher organs of the soviet power;
b) Carry out all measures of raising the cultural and economic standard of their respective territories;
c) Decide all matters of local importance within the respective territories;
d) Coordinate all soviet activity in their respective territories.
Chapter XVI
The Courts
82. For the purpose of establishing the revolutionary justice and for protection of the achievements of the proletarian Revolution, the state interests and citizens, the Abkhaz SSR forms the unified system of the People’s Court.
83. The following Courts are included in the unified system of judiciary:
a) People’s Courts composed of the People’s Judge and two People’s Assessors;
b) The Supreme Court of the Republic composed of the Court and the Supreme Chambers.
84. The special courts on labour issues shall be formed at the People’s Courts for the purpose of protection of the workers’ rights and labour.
85. The structure, court proceedings, jurisdiction of the criminal and civil cases and organization of the public prosecution and defence council shall be determined by the relevant Codes and Regulations on Judiciary.
86. The People’s Court, in deciding the cases, shall be guided by the Codes, Decrees and Resolutions operating on the territory of the Abkhaz ASSR, and in case of lack of the legal norms, by the basic principles of the legislation and common policy of the Workers’ and Peasants’ government of the USSR.
Chapter XX
Budgetary Rights
Article 102. The state expenditure and income of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are combined in the state budget and distributed to the following budgets:
a) state budget; and
b) local budget.
Article 103 The estimates on state and local budgets (Republic of Abkhazia) shall be draw-up by the various of agencies and considered by the Budgetary Commission at the Office of the Representative of the People’s Commissariat of Finance and of the State Planning Committee of the USSR in Abkhazia.
Article 104. The estimates of expenditure and income of the Abkhaz SSR flowing through the Union and TCSFSR budgets shall be determined by the Constitution of the USSR and the TCSFSR.
Article 105. All the revenues and expenditures of the state and local budgets shall be determined by the unified fiscal legislation of the USSR.
Article 106.  No taxes and duties shall be introduced without strict observance of the rules established by the Fiscal legislation of the USSR.
Chapter XXI
The Coat of Arms and Flag of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
83.  The coat of arms of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of the background with the landscape of Abkhazia on which a golden scythe and hammer are placed.  On the top there is a five-pointed star in sun-rays.  The coat of arms is surrounded by corn, tobacco and grape wreath, inscribed in the Abkhaz language – “Abkhaz SSR” and “Workers of all the Countries, Unite!”
84.  The flag of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia consists of red cloth or purple linen, in the left top corner of which are placed scythe and hammer and above them the five-pointed star surrounded with a golden wreath, inscribed: ASSR.  The size 1:2.
1 April 1925
(The Congresses of the Soviets of the USSR, Union and Autonomous Soviets Socialist Republics, vol. 6. The Congresses of the Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Soviets Socialist Republics of Transcaucasus, 1923-1937. M. 1964,  p. 686-701)


RESOLUTION on Unification of North and South Ossetia ADOPTED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE SOVIET GEORGIA OF THE THIRD CONVOCATION
(…)
The Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia of the Third Convocation heard the information by R. Takoev and A. Jatiev on unifying the north and south Ossetia in one autonomous Republic and on including this unified Republic within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.  Taking into account the attitude of the North Caucasus Executive Committee to this issue, the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Decrees:
1. The Second Session of the Central Executive committee of Georgia welcomes the unification of two separated parts of Ossetia irrespective which soviet republic this new state will join.  In this step the Session foresees the proper solution of the national issue for the peoples oppressed in the time of former Russian Empire.
2. As for the including of the unified Ossetia into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, the session expresses its solidarity to the resolutions adopted by the Executive Committee of North Caucasus and the Executive Committees of South and North Ossetia on this issue.
15 July 1925
(Shorthand of the Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia. Tbilisi, 1925, p. 223)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE
TRANSCAUCASUS
7 August 1925
Heard
On unification of south and north Ossetia
(the issue is submitted by the Central Executive Committee of Georgia)
Decided:
Not to stand against Resolution on unification of north and south Ossetia into one autonomous republic adopted by the Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia on 15 July of this year.
Special vision of the member of the Central Executive Committee of the Trans-Caucasus comrade A. Nazaretian: «taking into account the fact that it would be impossible to realize the economic unification in the nearest 5-10 years due to the lack of roads (the crossing between south and north Ossetia usually is locked for 9 months), the decision on unification seems is rather early».
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 332, p. 4)


DECREE on changes and amendment to the Regulations on Arrangement of the Courts
issued by the Central Executive Committee of Georgia
(Approved at the Second Session of the CEC of the third Convocation on 18 July 1925)
The Central Executive Committee of Georgia Decrees:
II. The Articles of the Regulations of the Court Arrangement 4, 14, 29, 30, 35, 37, 41, 44 (b), 49, 56,57, 58, 64, 72, 73, 74, 79, 80, 82(b), 83,84,86,99,103,104 (2), 111, 118, 129, 130, 132 (previous numeric number - 131), 138 (previous numeric number 135) and 139 (previous numeric number 136) shall be changed as follows:
Article 4. The authority of the District Court applies to the territory where the court is established.  The Court of the Oblast with cassation-revision competence acts in the capacity of the first instance court for the cases of special category specified for in the civil and criminal procedural code.
Note: The following Courts are operating on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia: a) District Court of East Georgia – within he borders of East Georgia and b) District Court of West Georgia – within the borders of West Georgia.
Article 14. The number of regions and the borders of the regions shall be determined by the Public Commissar of Justice upon agreement with the relevant executive committee and the District Court; the decision shall be approved by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
III.
To add to the Regulations sec. c of Article 2; Article 73; Article 86 and note, Article 101 and note, Article 127 and note, Articles 131,133,134 and 140.
Article 101.  The Chairman of the Supreme Court, Deputy Chairman and the members of the Panel shall be appointed by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia at its own discretion; the other members shall be appointed upon submission by the Public Commissar of Justice.
Note: two members from the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall be included in the Supreme Court; they shall be elected by the Central Executive Committee of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and approved by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR.  The members elected from the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast shall participate in the work of Cassation Panel while the cases regard the judgment of the Major Court of South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast or if a protest is lodged against judgments or rulings; There presence at the Panel’s sitting is obligatory if the case regards any affairs from the practice of this court, as well as of the cases specified for in Article 447 of the Criminal Procedural Code.
30 October 1925
Chairman of the Central Executive committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia – S. Todria
(Messenger of the CEC and the Council of Public Commissars, N 21, 1925, p. 22-23; Collection of Decrees and Resolutions of the Workers and Peasants Government of Georgia, N 3, 1925, p. 22-23)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N29 OF THE SITTING OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR OF 27 November 1925
Heard: draft-project on reorganizations of the executive organs in the autonomous oblasts according to the Constitutions of the Republics.
Decided: To approve and distribute the draft-project to the Central Executive Committees of the Union Republics (see attached).
Secretary of the CEC of the USSR A. Enukidze
To the Central Executive Committees: RSFSR, Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
The documents at the disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR show that the supreme executive organs in the autonomous oblasts are arranged in a different way: in some autonomous oblasts there are central executive committees, while in others they have Oblast Executive Committees.  The Central Executive Committees are established in the autonomous oblasts of Chechnya, Kalmukhia, Kabardino-Balkaria, South Ossetia (RSFSR), Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia (Trans-Caucasus SFSR).
Such different structure of the executive organs lays the ground to the differences of their competence.  The Central Executive Committees of the autonomous oblasts practically enjoy the rights that are rendered to the central executive committees of the Autonomous Republics, i.e. the autonomous oblasts become equal to the autonomous republics.
There is no legal ground for establishing the Central Executive Committees in the autonomous oblasts either in the Constitutions of the autonomous oblast, or in the Founding Acts of the mentioned autonomous oblasts and such approach breeds unequal conditions of the autonomous oblasts within the USSR.
Therefore the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR deems necessary to offer the autonomous oblasts to reorganize their central organs in a full compliance with the constitutions of union republics.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M. Kalinin
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee A. Enukidze
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 754, p. 8-9)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N 21 OF THE SESSION OF THE TRANS-CAUCASUS CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of 14 December 1925
Heard: Circular note of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 27 November on reorganization of the executive organs of the autonomous oblasts in compliance with their constitutions.  (Presidium of the CEC of the USSR. Chapter 29; Article 3)
Decided: Confirming the fact that establishment of the central executive committees in South Ossetian (Georgian SSR) and Nagorny Karabakh (Azerbaijanis SSR) autonomous oblasts has no legal ground in the relevant legal acts of Georgian SSR and Azerbaijanis SSR, as also with respect of the realities of the Trans-Caucasus, the reorganization of the central executive committees of the aforementioned autonomous oblasts shall be deemed as undesirable and untimely.
Secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus  A. Shaverdov
Tbilisi, the Palace
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc.1. file 754, p.22)


1926
EXTRACT from THE MINUTES N 38 OF THE SITTING OF THE PRESIDIUM OF CEC OF THE USSR of 19 February 1926
Heard:
12. the Resolution of the Presidium of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR of 14 December 1925 on the reorganization of supreme executive organs of the autonomous oblasts pursuant to the Circular Note of the Presidium of the CEC of the USSR of 27 November 1925 (submitted by the secretary of the CEC if the USSR; Minutes N 29, Article 3, file N 350.7/II).
Decided: to retain temporarily the existing organs of power in South Ossetia and Nagorny Karabakh at the exceptional basis of the Circular Note of the CEC of the USSR of 27 November 1925; to propose to the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR to start reorganizing these organs of power in the nearest future in accord to the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR.
Secretary of the CEC of the USSR A. Enukidze
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 754, p. 21)


EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES N 5 OF THE SITTING OF THE PRESIDIUM OF CEC OF
THE TRANS-CAUCASUS of 30 March 1926
Heard: on the supreme organs of power in the autonomous oblasts of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia. (Minutes N 38-26 of the Pres. of the USSR) (Repporteur: comrade Shaverdov)
Decided: Being guided by the Circular Note of the CEC of the USSR of 27 November 1925 and the Resolution of the CEC of the USSR of 19 February 1926, the Presidium offers to start reorganizing the supreme organs of Nagorny Karabakh and South Ossetia; first of all they have to elaborate and submit for approval to the Presidium of CEC of the Trans-Caucasus the draft regulations on the supreme executive organs in these autonomous oblasts.
Secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus A. Shaverdov
Authentic with original: Technical secretary of the CEC of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR Khoroshilov (Signed)  
(CSHANFG, f. 607, desc. 1, file 754, p. 2; ibidem, f. 284,  desc. 1, file 961, p. 3)


RESOLUTION on adoption and application of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia adopted at the Third Session of the Georgian Soviets of the Third Convocation
In compliance with Article 5 of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and Article 4 of the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus SFSR, to approve and apply the changed and amended text of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia submitted by the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR.
The text of the Constitution adopted by this session shall be submitted to the Forth Congress of Georgian Soviets.
The Central Executive Committee of the Abkhaz SSR shall deliberate the Constitution of the Abkhaz SSR in accordance to the principles that are envisaged in the Constitution of the Georgian SSR.
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia Ph. Makharadze
Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia S. Todria
5 July 1926
(The Collection of the Constitutional Acts of Georgian SSR, p. 97-98)


CONSTITUTION of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia(Adopted at the Fourth Congress of All-Georgian Soviets of Workers’ Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies on 3 April 1927)
Chapter I
General Provisions
2. Georgia is a socialist state of workers and peasants, which is being developed on the basis of federation of the national soviet republics...
3.  In the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies is the bearer of the supreme power, and in the period of between Congresses – the All-Georgian Soviet Central Executive Committee.
4. ... The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, in accordance with the Resolution of the Second Congress of All-Georgia is voluntarily associated to the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic together with the Soviet Socialist Republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan;  it forms the TCSFSR though which enters to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
5. The sovereignty of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is limited only in the matters indicated in the Basic laws of the Soviet Socialist Republics and in the Constitution of the TCSFSR. Outside of those limits the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia exerts its public powers independently; the TCSFRS and the USSR shall protect the  sovereign rights of Georgia.
Article 6. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia retains the right to feely secede from the Trans-Caucasus SFSR and from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in conformity to the procedures provided for in the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Article 7. The territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall not be altered without its consent.
Article 8. A citizen of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia at the same time is a citizen of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic.
(...)
Article 9. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia recognizes equality of citizens irrespective of their race or nationality and finds inadmissible introduction of any privileges, or any restriction of the rights of national minorities.
The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia also recognizes the rights of other peoples residing on its territory to form the autonomous republic or oblast upon admission of the highest organ of state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia includes: the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara and the Autonomous oblast of South Ossetia, and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia on the basis of Special Treaty concluded between them.
10. The state language of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be Georgian.
17.  National minorities, residing on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall have the right to free development and application of their native language in national-cultural life, as well as at the state organizations.
18. On the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia the land, its bowels, forests, water, mills and factories, rail, water and air transport and communication means are state property of workers and peasants.
Chapter II
The matters under the jurisdiction of the organs
of supreme state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
19. The following matters are under the sole jurisdiction of the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets:
a) Introduction of basic principles of, changes and amendments to the Constitution; approval of partial amendment of the Constitution adopted by the All-Georgian Central Executive Committee between the convocation of the Congresses of the All-Georgian Soviets;
b) Decision of the issues regarding modification of the boundaries of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia in conformity to the rules established by the Basic Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
c) Permission on forming the autonomous Soviet socialist republics and the autonomous oblasts by the national minorities; approval of changes and amendments to the Constitutions of the autonomous Republics, and to the Regulations of Autonomous Oblast.
20. All maters of all-state importance shall be under the jurisdiction of the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets unless they are under jurisdiction of the supreme organs of the USSR and the TCSFSR in compliance to the Basic Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and to the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
The following matters shall be under the jurisdiction of the All-Georgian Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee:
a) General guidance of the entire internal policy and public economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;
b) General administrative division of the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and determination of the boundaries of the Autonomous Republics;
c) Endorsement of the Constitutions of the Autonomous Republics and Regulations of the Autonomous Oblast, approval of amendments and changes to them, resolution of disputes between the autonomous entities and other state organs;
d) Introduction of plans of public economy and its branches on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia in compliance with the legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic;
e) Approval of the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia  and observance of its execution;
f) Adoption of the common-state laws of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the laws on the matters outside of the competence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic;
g) Right to amnesty and exercising the pardon to citizens convicted by the Courts and administrative organs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, and rehabilitation of the political rights of the citizens of the Republic.
h) Revoke and suspend decisions adopted by the Congresses of the autonomous republics and autonomous oblasts and their Central executive committees, district congresses of soviets and their executive committees if those decisions violate the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and the decisions of the higher organs of the state authority;
i) The matters outside of jurisdiction provided for by the Basic Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus recognized by the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and the Central Executive Committee as the matters under their competence.
21. In addition to the aforementioned matters the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia deal with other issues provided for by the Basic law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and by the legislations of the USSR and the Trans-Caucasus Federation.
22. The decisions of the highest organs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, as provided for by the Basic Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Constitution of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Republic are binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.  No other organ, except the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and of the Central executive Committee, and in some cases the Presidium of a latter has the right to issue the legal act of state importance on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Chapter III
Organization of the state power All-Georgian Congress of Soviets
23. The Congress of All-Georgian Soviets is composed of representatives of the  congresses of soviets of the Abkhaz SSR, the Autonomous SSR of Adjara, the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia and of Districts’ soviets on the basis of one deputy for 10000 inhabitants from the soviets where deputies are elected in proportion of population, and one deputy for 2000 voters from the soviets where deputies are elected in proportion of constituency.
24. The Congress of All-Georgian Soviets elects the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia; the membership to the CEC shall be decided by the Congress.
25.  The Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia convenes the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets once a year.
(...)
26. The Special Congress of All-Georgian Soviets may be convened by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia upon its own initiative, or at the request of  District Soviet or District Congress of Soviets having the population not less than one-third of the entire population of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, or at the request of the Congress of one of the Republics included within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
b) The Central Executive committee of All-Georgia and its presidium
27. The Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia is the supreme legislative, administrative and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
28. The Central Executive Committee is authorized to adopt the Codes, Decrees and Decisions upon its own initiative, and review and approve the draft-laws submitted by the Council of People’s Commissars.
29. All decrees and decision defining the general norms of the political and economic life of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, the state budget, and the acts introducing the modifications in the existing practices of state organs shall be submitted to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia for consideration and approval.
30. The Central Executive Committee of Georgia is entrusted to direct the work of all organs of the Workers’ and Peasants’ government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, coordinate the activity of legislative and administrative organs, observe the implementation of the Constitution and  execution of decrees adopted by the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and of the highest organs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republics.
31. The Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia is responsible to the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets once a year submitting to it the report on certain political issues and the matters of the all-state significance.
32. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia shall convoke the regular sessions of the Central Executive Committee of All-George at least three times a year; the Presidium of the Central executive Committee of All-Georgia convokes: a) upon its own initiative; b) at the request of at least one-third of members of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia, and c) at the request of the Central Executive Committee of one of the Republics included within the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
33. The Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia elects the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia and determines the sphere of its competence.
34. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia is the supreme legislative, administrative and controlling organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
35. In the periods between the convocation of the sessions of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia, the Presidium is the supreme legislative, administrative and controlling authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
37.  The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia observes the enforcement of the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and execution of all decisions of the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and of the Central executive Committee by all state organs. It is a supreme administrative organ both in the centre and at the local level.
38. In the intervals between sessions of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee appoints the People’s Commissars on the recommendation of the Council of People’s Commissars subject to subsequent confirmation by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia.
39.  The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia examines the petition on pardon and rehabilitation in political rights.
40. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia has the right to suspend and revoke the decrees and ordinances issued by the Council of People’s Commissars, People’s Commissariats and other organs of state authority, the decrees and decisions of the central executive committees of the autonomous republics and oblasts, suspend the execution of the resolutions of the congresses of Autonomous Republic and District Soviets.
41. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of All-George is authorized to settle the disputes between the organs of Central and local authorities.
c) The Council of People’s Commissars
43. The Council of People’s Commissars is the legislative and administrative organ of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.  The issues of administration of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are under the competence of the People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
44. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is appointed by the  Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia and consists of: the Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars, vice-chairmen, chairman of the supreme economic council, and people’s commissars of Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health-Care, Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate.  The Council of People’s Commissars also includes the Plenipotentiary Representative of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Trade of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic appointed on the basis of the legislation of the Trans-Caucasus Federation and having the deliberative vote under the decision of the Central Executive committee of All-Georgia or its presidium.
45. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia operates on the basis of the Regulation and within the competence determined by the Central Executive Committee; it is authorized to issue decrees and decisions that are binding on the entire territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
46. The Economic Council shall be established at the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia that operates in pursuance of  the Special Regulations and under the guidance of the Supreme Economic Council of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Socialist Federative Republic leads the economic policy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
47.  The Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is responsible to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia and its Presidium.
49.  The Supreme Economic Council, and the Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate     are subordinate to the Central Executive Committee and the Council of the People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and execute the instructions of the Supreme Economic Council of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and of the relevant People’s Commissariat.
50. The People’s Commissariats are led by the People’s Commissars;  they are the members of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
Chapter Four
The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics and Oblasts
74. The Central and Local organs of state authority of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics and Oblast are organized on the basis of this Constitution.
75. The Constitutions of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics and the Regulations of the Autonomous Oblasts shall be adopted by the congresses of respective autonomous entity and submitted to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia for confirmation and to the Congress of the All-Georgian Soviets for final approval.
76.  The Supreme organ on the territory of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics and autonomous oblasts shall be their respective Congress of Soviets, and in the period between convocation of the Congress the Central Executive Committee shall be the organ of supreme state authority,
77. The Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Republics and oblasts elect the Presidium from among the members of the CEC; in the period between convocation of sessions, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee is the supreme administrative organ of the state authority of the respective autonomous republic and oblast.
78. The Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics shall form the executive and administrative organs – the Councils of People’s Commissariats consisting of the Chairman, the chairman of the Supreme economic Council and the People’s Commissars leading the following People’s Commissariats: Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, health-Care, Agriculture and Social Protection… The Council of People’s Commissars also includes the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The Councils of Public Economy of the Autonomous Republics are subordinate to the central executive committees of the autonomous republics and execute the directives of the Supreme Council of public Economy of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; Plenipotentiary Representatives of the People’s Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are also subordinate to the central executive committee of the Autonomous Republic; they are obliged to submit the reports on their activity to the central executive committees and the council of people’s commissariats of the Autonomous republics.
79.  The Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast do not form the Council of People’s Commissars and administers the governance through the Supreme Council of the Public Economy and the following people’s commissariats led by the people’s commissars: Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health-Care, Agriculture, Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate.  The representatives of the  aforementioned Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are appointed in the Autonomous Oblast.  The Economic Councils of the Autonomous Oblast are under the direct subordination of the Supreme Economic Council of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and execute the decisions and ordinances of the latter through their executive committees; the plenipotentiary representatives of the  Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and peasants’ Inspectorate are in direct subordination to the relevant central organs of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and shall submit the reports on their activity to the central executive committee of the autonomous oblast.
80. The Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics and of the Autonomous Oblast have the right to reduce a number of People’s Commissariats specified for in Articles 77 and 78 of this Constitution.
81. The Codes, Decrees and Decisions promulgated by the highest organs of the state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia are binding on the territory of the autonomous republics and oblasts.
82. The Central Executive Committees of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics have the right to adopt the legal acts within the sphere of their competence and for development of the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia that have the legal force on the whole territory of Georgia.
Note: The Central Executive Committees of the autonomous oblasts have the right to adopt decisions within the limits of this Article that shall be binding on the territory of autonomous oblast after approval by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia or its presidium.
Chapter five
The Union Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia
83. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia enters the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the basis on special Union treaty, and through it, to the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
84. The representatives of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia participate in the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets.  The number of delegates to the Congress is determined under Article 23 of this Constitution.
85. The Congress of All-Georgian Soviets elects the representatives from the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia to the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia; the number of representatives shall be determined by the Congress of All-Georgian Soviets.
86. The Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, the Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, as well as the local organs of the state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall be organized on the basis of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
87. The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall form the Council of People’s Commissars consisting of the Chairman and People’s Commissars leading the following Commissariats: Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health-Care, Agriculture and Social Protection; the Council of People’s Commissars also includes the representatives of the Commissariats of Finance, Labour and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia;  they may have casting or deliberative vote under the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
The People’s Commissariats of Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health-Care, Agriculture and Social Protection act independently from the relevant People’s Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia only providing each-other the information about their activity.
The Supreme Economic Council is subordinate to the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia and to the Council of People’s Commissars and executes the directives of the Supreme Economic Council of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
The Plenipotentiary Representatives of the Commissariats of Finance, Labour, and Workers’ and peasants’ Inspectorates represent the organs of the relevant Commissariats of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia and they are under the direct subordination to them; the Representatives shall submit the report on their activity to the Central Executive committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
88.  The highest organs of the state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall independently adopt the acts outside of the competence of joint administration (Internal Affairs, Justice, Education, Health-Care, Agriculture and Social protection) that have the binding force on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
89.  All decrees and ordinances of the Central Executive Committee, its presidium and of the Council of Peoples Commissars of All-Georgia concerning the issues under the joint state administration (Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, Public Economy)  shall be binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia; the highest organs of state authority of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia shall have the right to adopt the legal acts within the limits of joint state administration aimed at developing the legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia; those legal acts shall be binding on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia.
90. The Congress of All-Georgian Soviets and the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia shall have the right to revoke the decisions of the Congress Soviets, the Central Executive Committee and of the Council of people’s Commissars of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia if they contravene this Constitution.
91. The budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia, after it has been approved by the Central Executive Committee of Abkhazia, shall be incorporated into the all-state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia in conformity to Article 104 of this Constitution.
In accordance with the All-Union and Trans-Caucasus SFSR legislation, all local revenues and expenditures on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia are combined in the local budget.
Chapter Seven
The Budgetary Rights of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia
100. All state revenues and expenditures of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia, together with the revenues and expenditures of the autonomous republics included within the Georgian SSR, are combined in the common state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
101. The common state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is consolidated into the budget of the Trans-Caucasus Soviet Socialist Republic and through the latter - into the budget of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
104. The procedure for drawing-up, consideration and adoption of the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be determined by the Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia within the limits established by the All-Union and Trans-Caucasus SFSR legislation.
105. The parts of all-state revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be determined in pursuance of the law on All-Union Budget.
106. All taxes and duties on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia shall be introduced in compliance with the All-Union legislation.
109. All local revenues and expenditures shall be combined in the local budget on the basis of legislation of the Trans-Caucasus Federation and in pursuance of laws adopted in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
110. In conformity to the legislation of All-Union and of the Trans-Caucasus Federation, and on the basis of legislation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia adopted for development of the said legislation, the revenue sources for local needs shall be provided in the local budgets.
111. The Central Executive Committee of All-Georgia shall approve the report on implementation of the state budget of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia.
(…)
5 July, 1926
(The Collection of the Constitutional Acts of the Georgian SSR, p.100-124)

Annex 1 To Protocol # 27 of  the JCC Session dated May 14-16, 2003, Gori
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Actions To Be Taken For Realization Of The Agreement Between The Governments Of Russian Federation And Georgia On Mutual Cooperation And Rehabilitation Of Economy In The Zone Of The Georgian-Ossetian Conflict And Return Of Refuges Dated
December 23, 2000
Pursuant to the Agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian—Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, the JCC developed the objectives, basic directions and mechanisms for formation and realization of the inter-state Russian-Georgia programs on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
the JCC resolved:
For the purpose of resolving the decision made by the Russia-Georgia commission on the issues of economic cooperation at the 5th session dated July 5, 2002, assign the cochairmen of the JCC from Russian and Georgian sides to apply to the Governments of Russia and Georgia with the proposal, prior to July 1, 2003, establish inter-state Russian-Georgian organ for the development and realization of the Program.
Dee it expedient to appoint as a head of this inter-state organ Deputy Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Russian Federation and Deputy Minister of Economy, Industry and Trade of Georgia, and include it in the above-noted organ of the representatives of the following ministries and agencies:
From Russian Federation:
- Ministry of Economic Development and Trade;
- Ministry of Finance;
- Ministry of Energy;
- Ministry of Transport;
- Ministry of Communications and Information;
- State Committee of Construction and Housing;
- Ministry of Agriculture;
- Ministry of Natural resources.
From Georgia:
- Ministry of Economy, Industry and Trade;
- Ministry of Finance;
- Ministry of Fuel ad Energy;
- Ministry of Transport and Communications;
- Ministry of Urbanization and Construction;
- Ministry of Agriculture and Food;
- Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources,
as well as representatives of ministries of Foreign Affairs and other concerned ministries and  agencies of Russian Federation and Georgia.
Take into account the participation in the work of the inter-state Russian-Georgian organ the authorized representatives if South Ossetia and North Ossetia.
2. Ask the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia to consider in the state budgets for 2004 all necessary allocations for the activity of the inter-state Russian-Georgian organ for the development and realization of the Program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict, and support attraction of budgetary and other sources for realization of the priority issues within the framework of this Program.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
and EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 2 To Protocol #27 of the JCC Session dated  May 14-16, 2003 Gori
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Realization of the Rehabilitation of the EC Program
Taking into account the importance of the realization of social, economic and humanitarian programs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict for further development of the process of its settlement,
noting with regret about the delay in implementation of the rehabilitation program funded by the European Commission irrespective of the previously achieved agreement,
taking into account the readiness of the European Commission to start funding the rehabilitation projects coordinated with thee Georgian and South Ossetian parties in the amount of 1,3 million Euro,
the JCC resolved:
1. To take into account the readiness of EC to start funding the projects agreed within the rehabilitation programs in the amount of the remaining after the exclusion from the total cost of projects (2,5 million Euro) “reconstruction of Trans-Caucasian Highway” and “Center of Control over Transportation of Cargo”.
2. South Ossetian and Georgian parties, Mission of the OSCE in Georgia and Delegation of EC in Georgia prior to June 15, 2003, coordinate the list of the rehabilitation projects within the amount of 1,3 million Euro and present it to the respective organs for opening the financing and starting their rehabilitation within the shorted period of time.
3. To propose the OSCE and EC to inform the JCC about the proceeding of works on the given issue on a regular basis.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE  
and EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 3 To Protocol #27 of the JCC Session dated May 14-16, 2003 Gori
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On activities of the JPKF and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Organs in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict
Studying and reviewing the proposals presented by then parties and the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia,
the JCC resolved:
1. For the purpose of improvement of the activities of the Special Coordination Center (SCC):
a)agree with the proposals of the OSCE #1,4 and 5 (Annex 1 to Protocol to  the session of the workgroup dated April 18, 2003);
b) Prior to June 10, review the proposals of North Ossetian Party on inclusion of the representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of North Ossetia-Alania to the SCC (Annex 1 to the protocol of the session of the workgroup dated April 18, 2003).
2. Georgian and South Ossetian parties, prior to June 10, shall review the possibility of changing the procedure for staffing the personal of organs of internal affairs at the joint post of road police in the villages of Kekhvi and Tamarasheni by employees of police of Kekhvi and the department of Internal Affairs of Tskhinvali and transferring the above-noted post to the SCC. After resolving the above-noted issue, continue consultations about staying of military observers in Kekhvi.
3. Assign cochairman of the JCC from the Georgian side, prior to June 10, 2003, to present for discussions the respective agencies received proposals on shifting of block-posts to the village of Tkviavi outside the borders of the zone of the JPKF responsibility.
4. Proposals of acting Commander of the JPKF, S. Nabzdorov, about the procedure of carrying the automatic gun machine in the zone of conflict shall be considered after renewing the activities of the SCC.
5. Prior to June 10, 203, Georgian and South Ossetian parties, on the basis of existed projects, shall develop the coordinated provision on the status of weekly “Thursday” meetings.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE  
and EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 28 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
June 23-26, 2003, Moscow
Chaired by:
M. Mayorov - Head of the Russian Part of the JCC, Ambassador of Special Tasks
Agenda
1. On the draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
2. On the actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000.
3. On implementation of the decision of the JCC (Annex 2 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16 2003, Gori) on Realization of the Rehabilitation Program of the European Commission”.
3. On fulfillment of the decision of the JCC (Annex 3 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16, 2003, Gori) on the Activities of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Parties in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.
4. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. 1. On the draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Bertran)
1.1.. Approve the decision on draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and actions for rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return thereof (Annex 1).
2. On the actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000.
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov)
2.1.. Approve the decision on the actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000 (Annex 2).
3. On implementation of the decision of the JCC (Annex 2 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16 2003, Gori) on Realization of the Rehabilitation Program of the European Commission”.
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Lacomb, Liddle)
3.1.. Approve the decision on implementation of the decision of the JCC (Annex 2 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16 2003, Gori) on Realization of the Rehabilitation Program of the European Commission” (Annex 3).
4. On fulfillment of the decision of the JCC (Annex 3 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16, 2003, Gori) on the Activities of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Parties in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov, Kublashvili, Elbakiev)
4.1. The parties shall continue working on fulfillment of the decision of the JCC (Annex 3 to protocol #27 dated May 14-16, 2003, Gori) on the Activities of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Parties in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.
5. Miscellaneous
5.1. On actions dedicated to 11th anniversary of starting the activities of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
Resolved:
Take actions dedicated to 11th anniversary of starting the activities of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict on July 13-14, 2003 in Tskhinvali.
Assign the United Command of the JPKF to present the respective plan of actions prior to July 1, 2003.
5.2. On fulfillment of article 4 of the Agreement between the Government of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and article 12.2. of the Protocol 4 of the session of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000 (Annex 4).
(Kusov, Machavariani, Chochiev, Mayorov)
5.3. On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and its funding (Annex 5).
(Kusov, Machavariani, Chochiev, Mayorov, Lacomb, Liddle)
5.4. On the statement of the acting Commander of the JPKF regarding the unsanctioned aircrafts over the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.
Resolved:
Take into consideration the statement of the acting Commander of the JPKF, Major General S. Nabdzorov addressed to cochairmen of the JCC with regard to the recent unsanctioned flight of aircrafts over the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.
M. Mayorov, Chairman of the Session, Head of the Russian Part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 1 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session dated June 23-25, 2003 Moscow
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On the draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and actions for rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return
Taking into account the importance of resolving the problem of return of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict for the development of the process of the conflict settlement, the parties, after studying and reviewing the proposals of the parties on the draft program,
the JCC resolved:
1. For the purpose of speeding up the development and submission to the executive organs of Russian Federation and Georgia the draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, within the framework of the Special Committee of the JCC on refugees, the parties shall organize regular work on specification of quantitative indices on the categories considered under normative acts of the respective party (deadline is end September, 2003).
2. The parties shall conduct model financial calculations of costs on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, taking into account the standards applicable on the territories of the parties (deadline is end September 2003).
3. The parties shall develop and present proposals on the draft Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Concretize actions through defining the model financial costs on rehabilitation of economy in the zone of return of taking into account the directions considered under the version  of draft program coordinated within the framework of the JCC (deadline is end September 2003).
4. Apply to the regional representation of UN in Georgia and Russian Federation with the request to render methodological assistance in development of the program proceeding from the experience of international activities and works on the territory of Russian federation and Georgia (deadline is end September 2003).
Taking into account the extreme importance of defining the mechanism of compensation and rehabilitation of the right to lost accommodation and property, assign the cochairman of the JCC from Georgian party to notify the leadership of the executive authorities of Georgia about the request of the JCC on speeding up the consideration of the draft law on rehabilitation and protection of housing and property rights of refugees and IDPs. Inform the JCC about the taken actions in September of the current year.
Hold next session of the Special Committee of the JCC on refugees at the end of September 2003, in Tbilisi.
On behalf of the Georgian side
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
On behalf of EC
On behalf of UN
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 2 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session dated June 23-25, 2003, Moscow
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000
Having heard the information of cochairmen from Russian and Georgian parties on implementation of the decision of the JCC “On the actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000” adopted in Gori on may 14-16 of 2003,
The JCC resolved:
1. To take into account the information of cochairmen from Russian and Georgian parties.
2. To note that the parties carried out certain work on formation the inter-state organ by Russian and Georgian parties for development and realization of the Program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
3. To ask the co-chairman from Georgian party to apply to the head of the Georgian part of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation with the request to inform its Russian colleague about the readiness of the Georgian party to establish the states inter-state organ in the near future.
4. Georgian and North Ossetian parties shall present the candidates of the r authorized representatives to participate in the work of the stated organ.
5. Pursuant to paragraph 8 of Protocol of July 5, 2002 to the session of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation to assign the workgroup on economic issues of the JCC prior to December 30, 2003 develop and present for reviewing at the next session of the JCC the draft provision on Russian-Georgian inter-state organ on development and realization of the program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
and the EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 3 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session dated June 23-25, 2003, Moscow
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On implementation off the decision of the JCC (Annex 2 to Protocol #27 dated May 14-16 of 2003 in Gori) “on Realization of the Rehabilitation Program of the European Commission”
Having heard the results of the consultative meeting on economic issues of South Ossetian and Georgian parties with the participation of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia and the Delegation of the EC in Georgia pursuant to the Decision of the JCC dated May 14-16 of May 2003.
The JCC resolved:
1. Approve the list of draft program of the European Commission agreed on June 19, 2003 in Tbilisi in the amount of 1.3. Million Euro.
The European Commission confirms its readiness to start funding of the projects agreed on June 19, 2003 in Tbilisi.
2. The final decision on funding the projects on the remaining sum in the amount of 1.2 million Euro and the definition of their list shall be made on the basis of the preparatory meeting of the expert groups, which will be held in Tskhinvali no later than July 15, 2003.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
and the EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 4 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session dated June 23-25, 2003, Moscow
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On fulfillment of article 4 of the Agreement between the Government of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and article 12.2. of the Protocol 4 of the session of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000
The JCC resolved:
Cochairmen of the JCC from Russian and Georgian parties applies to the leadership of РАО ЕЭС of Russia and the Ministry of Energy of Georgia, pursuant to Article 4 of the Agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and article 12.2. of the Protocol 4 of the session of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000 and paragraph 12.2. of Protocol 4 of the session of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000, to resolve the issue on paying off the arrears for power supply in 1998 and in the first quarter of 1999 in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
Cochairmen of the JCC from Russian and Georgian parties shall take control over the resolution of the above-stated issue.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
and the EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 5 To Protocol #28 of  the JCC Session dated June 23-25, 2003, Moscow
DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and its funding
Pursuant to the decision of the JCC dated October 25, 2001 (Annex 1 to Protocol #19) and dated February 9-10 of 2003 (Annex 5 to Protocol #26), taking into account the positive results achieved within the framework of the project on support to Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC and expert groups of Georgian and South Ossetian parties, the term of which is expiring on June 30, 2003, as well as the readiness of the EC to positively respond the application of the Georgian and South Ossetian parties of the JCC with the request on the extension of funding of the state project,
The JCC resolved:
1. Note the successful implementation of the schedule of the activities of the JCC for 2003.
Within the remaining period of time of the current year, deem it expedient to hold no less than:
- three sessions of the JCC according to the following sequence: North Ossetian, South Ossetian and Georgia;
- two session of workgroups of the JCC on economic issues;
- two session of the ad hoc committee on voluntary return of refugees and IDPs;
as well as, if necessary, meetings of other workgroups of the JCC.
2. Recommend the parties to hold within the remaining period of 2003 no less than two meetings of expert groups of the authorized representatives of the parties on the full-scale settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
Take into account the proposal of the head of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia, Mr. J. Lacomb, on holding 10th session of expert groups of the authorized delegations of the parties on the 9th, the preliminary meeting, which will be held on July 15, 2003 min Tskhinvali.
Confirm the expediency of keeping the periodicity of meetings of the JCC and expert groups for 2004 year too.
On behalf of the Georgian side            
On behalf of the South Ossetian side
On behalf of the Russian Side                
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
In participation of the OSCE
and the EC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 29 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
July 14-15, 2003, Tskhinvali
Chaired by: B. Chochiev - Head of the South Ossetian Part of the JCC, Minister of Special Tasks of North Ossetia
Agenda:
1. On implementation of the Decisions #27 and #28 of the JCC on Activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict
2. On the bulletin of the JCC.
3. On some statements incorporating biased assessment of the activities of the JCC.
4. Information of Russian and Georgian parties on the decision of the JCC of July 23-26, 2003 on implementation of article 4 of the agreement between the Governments of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2003 and paragraph 12.2. of Protocol 4 of the session of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000.
5. Information of the Georgian party on the process of implementation of the decision #23 of the JCC dated July 9, 2002 on resolution of problems of return to the development program of UN 100,000 US Dollars intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict.
6. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. On implementation of the Decisions #27 and #28 of the JCC on Activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Tibilov, Nabzdorov)
1.1. The parties paid attention to the importance of improving mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties, establishing closer contacts between them and coordinating their efforts for fight against crime.
The Georgian party shall complete studying the proposal of North Ossetian party on inclusion of representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of North Ossetia-Alania in the JCC.
The workgroup, within the period of ten days, shall carry out consultations for the purpose of developing proposals on “Thursday” meetings.
2. on the bulletin of the JCC
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Tibilov, Kochiev)
2.1 With regard to achievement of final agreements on the provision on the information bulletin of the JCC, assign the workgroup, prior to September 20, 2003, resolve all organization and technical issues related to the beginning of  publication of the bulletin, and present the stated provision to the Commission for approval.
3. On some statements incorporating biased assessment of the activities of the JCC.
(Kochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Chapidze, Mayorov)
3.1. The parties of the JCC indicate unacceptability of the statements of some organs incorporating biased assessments about the role of the JCC in the settlement of the conflict and unfounded information on the process of negotiations. Such statements cause bewilderment, especially when they are made when there is some progress and some compromising decisions of the parties on various aspects of the conflict settlement.
The parties to the JCC appeal the representatives of various organizations to prevent distribution of unfounded information directed towards discrediting the work of the JCC, undermining of its authority and its decisive role in the settlement of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict.
4. Information of Russian and Georgian parties on the decision of the JCC of July 23-26, 2003 on implementation of article 4 of the agreement between the Governments of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2003 and paragraph 12.2. of Protocol 4 of the session of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
4.1. Take into account the information of Russian and Georgian parts of the JCC on the performed fork with regard the stated issue.
5. On information of the Georgian party on the process of implementation of the decision #23 of the JCC dated July 9, 2002 on resolution of problems of return to the development program of UN 100,000 US Dollars intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
5.1 Assign the cochairman of the JCC from the Georgian side, prior to August 1, 2003, consider UN in respective instances (organs)the issue of return of 100,000 US Dollars to the program intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict.
6. Miscellaneous.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
6.1 Take into account the statement of the head of the South Ossetian part of the JCC on concern of South Ossetian party about existence of subdivisions of Georgian armed forces in Georgian contingent of the JPKF in the zone of conflict which had been trained by foreign trainers (inspectors).
Take into account the statement of  the head of Georgian part of the JCC on the fact that the rotation that took place in the Georgian battalion of the JPKF was carried out in accordance with the provision on main principles of activities of military contingents and groups of military observers intended for normalization of situation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and the fact that this subdivision will continue actions within the mandate of the JPKF in future too.
6.2 South Ossetian party expressed its concern about the fact that within recent period of time facts of illegal cuttings of water pipelined of Edisi-Tskhinvali became very frequent. This water pipeline goes through the village Kemerta-Tamarasheni.. In this regard, assign the Georgian side to study this issue and, if needed, take respective actions for prevention of illegal cuttings of water pipelines. It was also noted that it is necessary to regulate the Tiriponi channel.
The parties deeply appreciated the efforts of South Ossetian regarding their hospitality and creation of favorable conditions for carrying out the session.
B. Chochiev, Chairman of the Session, Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


MINUTES Of The Meeting on the issues of rehabilitation of the electroenergetic objects
Enguri Power Station, 16 May 2003
Decided:
From the side of OAO RAO “EEC Russia”;
Rapoport A. N.   – Deputy Chairman of the OAO Board, RAO “EEC Russia”
Sharov Y. V.    - head of Export Department OAO RAO “EEC Russia”
Dod E.V. – General Director ZAO ‘Inter RAO EEC’
Volkov D.E. – Leading specialist of the Export Department OAO RAO “EEC Russia”.
From the side of the Ministry of Energy of Russia:
Yanovskiy A.B. – Deputy Minister of Energy
Terniouk A.M. – Deputy Chairman of the Department
From the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia:
Mirtskhulava D. Ts. – Minister of Fuel and Energy of Georgia
Miminashvili M.A. – head Engineer of the Project – Kaskad Enguri HES
Emkhvari N. D.  – head engineer of the Institute “Hidroproekti”. Tbilisi
Maisuradze Sh. A.  – General Director ‘GruzRosenergo’
From the Abkhaz side
Bagapsh S. V. – General Director  ‘Chernomorenergo’
Jinjolia Kh. S. – First deputy to the General Director ‘Chernomorenergo’.
Noted:
1.  In accordance with the program of attendance of energy objects, the delegation of OAO RAO “EEDC Russia” observed the major units and facilities of Enguri Station, PGEC-1, Sukhumi Station and various of object of  high-voltage networks.
2.  It is necessary to carry out rehabilitative works in Enguri Power Station and attached stations.
3.  The ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia, together with  “Chernomorenergo” and with participation of OAO RAO “EEC Russia” are elaborating the necessary set of projecting, repairing, installation and starting-up and adjustment works, including the equipments, spare-parts and materials that are in need to meet the given parameters.
Decided:
1.  To design and approve the business-plan of rehabilitation works for Sukhumi Station, as well as for high-voltage network;  responsible sides: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia, “Chernomorenergo”, OAO RAO “EEC Russia”.  Deadline – July 2003.
2.  To set up the sources and mechanisms for energy marketing produced at the given energy objects;  responsible sides: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia, “Chernomorenergo”. Deadline – July 2003.
3.  As the first stage of the realization of business-plan, for attracting the investments and realization of rehabilitation works, the sides establish the special agency; responsible sides: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia, “Chernomorenergo”, OAO RAO “EEC Russia”.  Deadline – August 2003.
4. To conclude all necessary agreements between the sides and special agency for the term of 25 years on the basis of special conditions (construction, temporary ownership, management, transferring).  Responsible sides: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia and  “Chernomorenergo”. Deadline – August 2003.
5.  For the joint exploitation of Enguri Power Station, the Minsitry of Fiel and Energy of Georgia and “Chernomorenergo” will consider the possibility of involving the OAO RAO “EEC Russia”.  Responsible sides: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Georgia and  “Chernomorenergo”. Deadline – June 2003.
The signatures of participants
Rapoport A. N.   – Deputy Chairman of the OAO Board, RAO “EEC Russia”
Bagapsh S. V. – General Director  ‘Chernomorenergo’
Mirtskhulava D. Ts. – Minister of Fuel and Energy of Georgia
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 29 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
July 14-15, 2003, Tskhinvali
Chaired by: B. Chochiev - Head of the South Ossetian Part of the JCC, Minister of Special Tasks of North Ossetia
Agenda:
1. On implementation of the Decisions #27 and #28 of the JCC on Activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict
2. On the bulletin of the JCC.
3. On some statements incorporating biased assessment of the activities of the JCC.
4. Information of Russian and Georgian parties on the decision of the JCC of July 23-26, 2003 on implementation of article 4 of the agreement between the Governments of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2003 and paragraph 12.2. of Protocol 4 of the session of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000.
5. Information of the Georgian party on the process of implementation of the decision #23 of the JCC dated July 9, 2002 on resolution of problems of return to the development program of UN 100,000 US Dollars intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict.
6. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. On implementation of the Decisions #27 and #28 of the JCC on Activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Tibilov, Nabzdorov)
1.1. The parties paid attention to the importance of improving mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties, establishing closer contacts between them and coordinating their efforts for fight against crime.
The Georgian party shall complete studying the proposal of North Ossetian party on inclusion of representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of North Ossetia-Alania in the JCC.
The workgroup, within the period of ten days, shall carry out consultations for the purpose of developing proposals on “Thursday” meetings.
2. on the bulletin of the JCC
(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Tibilov, Kochiev)
2.1 With regard to achievement of final agreements on the provision on the information bulletin of the JCC, assign the workgroup, prior to September 20, 2003, resolve all organization and technical issues related to the beginning of  publication of the bulletin, and present the stated provision to the Commission for approval.
3. On some statements incorporating biased assessment of the activities of the JCC.
(Kochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Chapidze, Mayorov)
3.1. The parties of the JCC indicate unacceptability of the statements of some organs incorporating biased assessments about the role of the JCC in the settlement of the conflict and unfounded information on the process of negotiations. Such statements cause bewilderment, especially when they are made when there is some progress and some compromising decisions of the parties on various aspects of the conflict settlement.
The parties to the JCC appeal the representatives of various organizations to prevent distribution of unfounded information directed towards discrediting the work of the JCC, undermining of its authority and its decisive role in the settlement of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict.
4. Information of Russian and Georgian parties on the decision of the JCC of July 23-26, 2003 on implementation of article 4 of the agreement between the Governments of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2003 and paragraph 12.2. of Protocol 4 of the session of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
4.1. Take into account the information of Russian and Georgian parts of the JCC on the performed fork with regard the stated issue.
5. On information of the Georgian party on the process of implementation of the decision #23 of the JCC dated July 9, 2002 on resolution of problems of return to the development program of UN 100,000 US Dollars intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
5.1 Assign the cochairman of the JCC from the Georgian side, prior to August 1, 2003, consider UN in respective instances (organs)the issue of return of 100,000 US Dollars to the program intended for funding the rehabilitation projects in the zone of conflict.
6. Miscellaneous.
(Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov)
6.1 Take into account the statement of the head of the South Ossetian part of the JCC on concern of South Ossetian party about existence of subdivisions of Georgian armed forces in Georgian contingent of the JPKF in the zone of conflict which had been trained by foreign trainers (inspectors).
Take into account the statement of  the head of Georgian part of the JCC on the fact that the rotation that took place in the Georgian battalion of the JPKF was carried out in accordance with the provision on main principles of activities of military contingents and groups of military observers intended for normalization of situation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and the fact that this subdivision will continue actions within the mandate of the JPKF in future too.
6.2 South Ossetian party expressed its concern about the fact that within recent period of time facts of illegal cuttings of water pipelined of Edisi-Tskhinvali became very frequent. This water pipeline goes through the village Kemerta-Tamarasheni.. In this regard, assign the Georgian side to study this issue and, if needed, take respective actions for prevention of illegal cuttings of water pipelines. It was also noted that it is necessary to regulate the Tiriponi channel.
The parties deeply appreciated the efforts of South Ossetian regarding their hospitality and creation of favorable conditions for carrying out the session.
B. Chochiev, Chairman of the Session, Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


RESOLUTION 1494 (2003) UNITED NATIONS ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL, on 30 July 2003
The Security Council,
Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1462 (2003) of 30 January 2003,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 21 July 2003 (S/2003/751),
Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
Deploring that the perpetrators of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of nine people on board, have still not been identified,
Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,
Welcoming, however, the positive momentum given to the United Nations-led peace process by the two high-level meetings of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the subsequent meeting of the Presidents of Georgia and the Russian Federation in Sochi,
Welcoming also the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,
1. Wel comes the report of the Secretary-General of 21 July 2003 (S/2003/751);
2. Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;
3. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;
4. Stresses, in particular, its strong support for the document on “Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi” and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;
5. Deeply regrets the continued refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;
6. Regrets the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;
7. Underlines further that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;
8. Wel comes the convening of two meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends in Geneva and particularly welcomes the participation in a positive spirit of representatives of the two parties at the second meeting;
9. Welcomes also the identification in the first Geneva meeting of three sets of issues as key to advancing the peace process (economic cooperation, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, political and security matters) and the following work on the substance of those issues, including in bilateral working groups by Russia and Georgia as agreed by the two Presidents in their meeting in Sochi in March 2003, and also in the initial high-level meeting of the parties on 15 July 2003, chaired by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and with the participation of the Group of Friends;
10. Further welcomes the commitment of the parties to continue their dialogue on economic cooperation, refugee returns as well as political and security matters regularly and in a structured manner and their agreement to join the Group of Friends again towards the end of the year to review progress and explore future steps and encourages them to act upon that commitment;
11. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust;
12. Calls again on the parties to ensure the necessary revitalization of the peace process in all its major aspects, including their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, and to consider holding a fourth conference on confidence-building measures;
13. Reminds all concerned to refrain from any action that might impede the peace process;
14. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG and consultations with UNHCR and the Group of Friends and recalls the understanding in Sochi by Georgia and the Russian Federation that the reopening of the Sochi-Tbilisi railway will be undertaken in parallel with the return of refugees and displaced persons, starting in the Gali district, reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and IDPs affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration;
15. Recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and requests further measures to be undertaken inter alia by the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, including through quick-impact projects, to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;
16. Wel comes the positive consideration by the parties given to the recommendations of the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, urges them once again to implement those recommendations and in particular calls upon the Abkhaz side to agree to the opening as soon as possible of the Gali branch of the human rights office in Sukhumi and to provide security conditions for its unhindered functioning;
17. Endorses the recommendations by the Secretary-General in his report of 21 July 2003 (S/2003/751, para. 30) that a civilian police component of 20 officers be added to UNOMIG, to strengthen its capacity to carry out its mandate and in particular contribute to the creation of conditions conducive to the safe and dignified return of internally displaced persons and refugees, and welcomes the commitment of the parties to implement the recommendations by the security assessment mission of October to December 2002;
18. Calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;
19. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);
20. Calls on both parties publicly to dissociate themselves from militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options and for the activities of illegal armed groups, and encourages the Georgian side in particular to continue its efforts to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups;
21. Wel comes the relative calm in the Kodori Valley and the intention reaffirmed by the parties to resolve the situation peacefully, recalls its strong support to the protocol signed by the two sides on 2 April 2002 regarding the situation in the Kodori Valley, calls on both sides, and in particular the Georgian side, to continue to fully implement this protocol, and recognizes the legitimate security concerns of the civilian populations in the area, calls on the political leaders in Tbilisi and Sukhumi to observe security agreements, and calls on both sides to spare no efforts to agree to a mutually acceptable arrangement for security of the population in, and in the vicinity of, the Kodori Valley;
22. Strongly condemns, however, the abduction of four UNOMIG personnel of 5 June 2003, which is the sixth hostage taking since the establishment of the mission, deeply deplores that none of the perpetrators have ever been identified or brought to justice and supports the Secretary-General’s call that this impunity must end;
23. Wel comes the additional safeguards for helicopter flights instituted in response to the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, calls, once again, on the parties to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the incident, to bring them to justice, and to inform the Special Representative on the implementation of these steps;
24. Calls on the Georgian side to continue to improve security for joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols in the Kodori Valley to enable them to monitor the situation independently and regularly;
25. Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel;
26. Wel comes the constant review by UNOMIG of its security arrangements in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;
27. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2004, subject to a review as appropriate of its mandate by the Council in the event of changes in the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force;
28. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;
29. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the remedies of ensuring the implementation of Chapter VII of the UN Charter
The Parliament of Georgia is confirming its commitment to the Decrees adopted in 1996, 1997, 2001 and 2002 regarding the Abkhazian issue and is expressing a serious concern that the executive government of Georgia has not yet implemented the remedies envisaged by the above mentioned Decrees.
The Parliament of Georgia is stating one more time, that:
The decision of the CIS leaders dated January 19, 1996 has not been fulfilled so far. In compliance with the said Decision, the CIS member countries took the responsibility upon themselves not to undertake any trade, economic, financial, transportation  or other operations  with the separatist government of Abkhazia, as well as not to establish any official relations with the regime there;
The peacekeeping forces of the Russian Federation acting under the CIS mandate are not fulfilling the liabilities envisaged by the mandate, which implies full support to settling the Abkhazian conflict, along with guarantees of creating all necessary conditions for the return of the IDPs and the refugees in safety and dignity.
The Decision of April 2, 1999, made by the Council of the CIS Leaders has not yet been fulfilled; according to this Decision, on the basis of the provisions of the UN Charter, in case of any delay in the process of return of the IDPs and the refugees, the question of changing the format of the peacekeeping operations currently undergoing in Abkhazia should be reconsidered;
The separatist government of Abkhazia is ignoring the efforts of the international community directed to settling conflicts; in particular, they are objecting to accept or discuss the document prepared by the special representative of the UN Secretary General on “Separating Competences between Tbilisi and Sokhumi”; they are also refraining from cooperation with the representatives of OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.
Despite the fact that ethnic cleansing perpetrated against the Georgians in Abkhazia had been recognized and endorsed by the decisions taken on Budapest, Lisbon and Istanbul summits (and this issue is also endorsed in the resolutions drafted by the UN on Abkhazian issue), it is up to this very day, that persecution of the Georgian population living in Abkhazia, as well as devastation and selling out of the property of the IDPs and the refugees is still continuing; Learning and teaching in Georgian language is strictly banned and the number of the facts of destroying the Georgian monuments of culture are growing day by day.
On the basis of the statement of the Russian party on closing the Gudauta military base, the Parliament of Georgia is calling the Russian Federation to give consent on the inspection of the said base and assist to implementation of the procedures recognized by various international legal norms.
The Parliament of Georgia reiterates the priority of settling the Abkhazian issue through political ways and aspires to employing all possible political resources for its peaceful resolution. In addition to this, the Parliament is supporting the decisions taken by the Security Council of Georgia concerning resolution of the Abkhazian conflict.
The Parliament of Georgia decrees:
To give orders to the executive government of Georgia:
a) To appeal to the UN Security Council with the request of enacting Chapter VII of the UN Charter;
b) To continue cooperation with the international organizations in Abkhazia with the purpose of making them react further on ethnic cleansing perpetrated in Abkhazia and the materials containing facts of devastation of Georgian monuments of culture;
c) To undertake further steps regarding change of the format of peacekeeping operations in the conflict zone and prepare the proposals on transformation and internationalization of their efforts, including readiness of various countries for taking part in the peacekeeping mission;
d) In compliance with the Decree of the Parliament of Georgia dated March 20, 2002, to provide the legal expertise of the international agreements and normative acts adopted on the Abkhazian issue for the purpose of further reaction on them.
e) To undertake relevant actions regarding the Abkhazian issue in order to fulfill those decisions of the Parliament of Georgia that had been taken before.
c) Information on the fulfillment of the given Decree will be heard at the session of the Parliament of Georgia in the first session week of the autumn session of 2003.
Nino Burjanadze  Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia
Tbilisi, July 16, 2003
(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

STATEMENT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE HEADS OF STATES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
The Council of  Heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States, still reaffirms its dedication to the Alma-Ata Memorandum on Supporting the Peace and Stability in the CIS of 10 February 1995, as well as its dedication to the spirit and letter of the decision on the measures on conflict settlement in Abkhazia, Georgia of 19 January 1996.
Once again recognizing the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Georgia, the Council of Heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States demands the rigorous implementation of all provisions of these documents.
Yalta, 19 September, 2003.
(Abkhaz Issue in Official Documents, Legislative and Executive organs of Georgia, International Organizations, 1989-1999, part III, 2000-2003; authors: Vakhtang Kholbaia, Teimuraz Chakhrakia, Rafiel Gelantia, David Latsuzbaia, Tb., 2004, p. 411/in Russian)


PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
October 2, 2003, Tbilisi
Chaired by: M. Mayorov - Head of the Russian Part of the JCC,
Ambassador of Special Tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia
Agenda
1. On activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The participants discussed the issues regarding formalization of the “Thursday” meetings, existence of posts on Transcam (Trans Caucasian Highway), functioning of the SCC and unsanctioned flights of aircraft over the territories of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.
2. On rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The participants discussed the possibility of realizing the joint projects set under the Protocol on the results of Russian-Georgian negotiations with the participation of the authorized delegations of South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties in the presence of representatives of the OSCE and the European Commission on the issue of development and management of inter-state Russian-Georgian program on rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (specifically, in the area of health protection, hydro-energy and agricultural complex).
The parties listened to the information of Russian and Georgia parties on the process of realization of the previous decisions of the JCC on creation of inter-state Russian Georgian organ for development and realization of respective inter-state programs.
The parties also reviewed the issues related to the rehabilitation programs of the EC.
3. On the bulletin of the JCC
The parties noted that it is necessary to complete an agreement on the draft decision of the JCC on this issue.
4. On the forthcoming 10th meeting of expert groups of the authorized delegations of the parties within the framework of the negotiation process on full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict in Hague on October 14-17 of the current year.
The participants took into account the information of the Head of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia, Mr. R. Rive, on the process of preparation for holding a meeting of expert group in Hague and on the program.
5. On consultations within the framework of the ad hoc committee of the JCC on refugees.
The information on results of these consultations has also been taken into account.
M  Mayorov, Chairmen of Session,Head of Russian part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


GALI PROTOCOL  of 8 October 2003 on reducing the tension and improving the mechanisms for security in the conflict zone
The extraordinary Quadripartite Meeting at the high level was held on 8 October 2003 that was convened upon the initiative of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General Heidi Tagliavini in the headquarter of Gali sector of the UNOMIG due to the worsening of security situation in the conflict zone, especially in Gali District.
The Georgian delegation was led by Malkhaz kakabadze, the Abkhaz delegation – by Sergei Shamba, the CPKF was represented by General-Major  Namokonov.
The Special Representative of the UN Secretary General opened the meeting.  The meeting was chaired by the military observer General-Major Kazi-Ashfak.
The principal topic in the agenda was the deterioration of security situation in the conflict zone, particularly in Gali District, as well as the measures aimed at preventing the escalation of the situation and improving the cooperation between the sides.
    The Georgian and the Abkhaz sides reaffirmed their obligations with respect of security that was adopted in the previous documents, underlining the importance of the resolutions by the Security Council of the UN;  the participants discussed the further steps for improving the existing mechanisms.
The sides agreed on the following:
1.1. To cooperate and take the immediate steps to put en end to the offensive acts, regardless of their character, which seriously affect the security in the conflict zone.
1.2. To exchange the list of offences that, as reported by the sides, were committed in the conflict zone, particularly in Gali District.
1.3. The both sides agreed to address every single offense and the perpetrators will be punished.
2. In the light of commencing the work of the Civil Police of the UNOMIG in the future, the sides agreed to establish full-scale cooperation with it in fighting against crime and offenders and through it to raise effectiveness of existing mechanisms aimed at improving the situation in law-enforcement.
3.  The sides agreed to have the next meeting on 9 December 2003 at the same high level in order to give the assessment to the progress achieved through the cooperation, as well as to find the possibilities to raise the effectives of existing mechanisms, such as quadripartite meeting and the activity of the group of human rights within the frame of these mechanisms.
For the Abkhaz side S. Shamba                        
For the Georgian side M. Kakabadze
For the UNOMIG Kazi Ashfak                        
For the CIS CPKF Namokonov
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

2004
PROTOCOL OF THE GALI MEETING ON SECURITY MATTERS of 19 January 2004
On 19 January 2004, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Heidi Tagliavini, convened in UNOMIG Gali Sector Headquarters a high-level meeting on security matters in Gali, in accordance with the Gali Protocol on Measures to Defuse Tension and Improve Security Mechanisms in the Zone of Conflict of 8 October 2003.  
Mr. Malkaz Kakabadze headed the Georgian delegation, and Mr. Sergey Shamba headed the Abkhaz delegation. The CIS-PKF was represented by Lieutenant General Alexander Evteev.  UNOMIG Military Observers were represented by the Deputy Chief Military Observer, Colonel Bretislav Mizera.  The meeting was chaired by Ms. Heidi Tagliavini.
The main item on the agenda was the review of the implementation of the Gali Protocol of 8 October 2003. Discussions focused on measures taken to defuse tension in the zone of conflict; ways for improvement of the efficiency of existing security mechanisms; and on topical issues in light of the current situation. In this context, the sides discussed the possibility of a resumption of the work of Working Group I of the Coordinating Council.
Having positively assessed the results of the ad hoc high-level meeting of 8 October, the sides agreed to:
 Take every measure to ensure the strict observance of the Moscow Ceasefire Agreement of 1994 and refrain from any action, which may destabilize the situation in the zone of conflict and have a negative impact on the peace process;
1.2. Continue work aimed at the implementation of the Gali Protocol of 8 October 2003 in its entirety.
1.3. Instruct law enforcement agencies to continue their cooperation and to regularly exchange information, based on concrete evidence;
1.3.  Ensure their meaningful participation in and representation at the Quadripartite meetings and the Joint Fact Finding Group and its Working Group in Gali and fully cooperate with UNOMIG and CIS-PKF in the clarification of incident details and, likewise, of security matters;
1.5.   Discuss proposals made at this meeting, and the implementation of the above measures at the next quadripartite meeting.
For the Abkhaz party                        
For the Georgian party
For UNOMIG                            
For the CIS-PKF
(Archive of the Office of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Georgia/in Russian)


PROTOCOL on the implementation of the third EC funded rehabilitation Program in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The sides participating in the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Georgian side, South Ossetian side, Russian side, North Ossetian side) appreciate the efforts of the European Commission and the OSCE Mission to Georgia in implementation of the rehabilitation Program in the zone of conflict, thus facilitating peaceful process of settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The sides mark active work done in the framework of the JCC with participation of the OSCE Mission to Georgia, in making the most efficient use of the funds totaling 2.5 MEURO allocated by the EC.
The objectives of the Program at hand are:
-To support the process of reconciliation between the parties to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict;
-To promote and support the voluntary return in safety and dignity of refugees*
-To assist in the process of rehabilitation and improvement of social and economic conditions on the territories affected by the Georgian-Ossetian conflict;
-To  ensure  that  rehabilitation  projects  financed  under previous   grants  are  being maintained;
-To benefit the population in the zone of conflict as well as the resident and returning persons;
The sides commend EC and the OSCE Mission to Georgia for willingness to proceed with implementation of rehabilitation projects and in accordance with the agreements between the sides with participation of the OSCE Mission to Georgia and the EC Delegation in Georgia the budget of the program in the sum of 2.5 MEURO is divided into three parts:
First part
Euro 800.000 (eight hundred thousand) is earmarked for basic shelter assistance and repatriation kits to refugees*. Description of this assistance as well as its breakdown of costs is a ttached i n A nnex 1. This first p art o f the P rogram f alls u nder t he r esponsibility o f the UNHCR.
Second part
Euro 1.300.000 (one million three hundred thousand) is earmarked for the rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in support to the permanent residents of the territory.
The list of these infrastructures as well as the indicative breakdown of costs for their rehabilitation was approved on JCC session on 26 June, 2003 and is attached in Annex 2. This second part of the Program falls under the responsibility of UNDP.    
Third part
Euro 400.000 (four hundred thousand) is earmarked for the rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in places of refugees'* repatriation.
This third part of the Program falls under the responsibility of UNDP with participation of UNHCR in identifying the projects coordinated with the JCC. The description of this part of the Programme is defined in Annex 2.
The JCC shall be informed on the program implementation progress regularly in accordance with the attached Mechanism for Implementation.
Take measures to ensure the Programme is tax exempt.
The Program shall be implemented within 18 months starting from the date of entry into force of the addendum to the Grant Agreement between the EC and the OSCE Mission to Georgia, to be signed within ten days.
For the Georgian side:                                
For the South-Ossetian side:
For North-Ossetian side:            
For the Russian Federation side:
In witness of:
OSCE Mission to Georgia:
EuropearLCommission:
UNHCR:        
UNDP:
2004 January 30
* "refugees" implies, for each side, "forcedly displaced persons", "Internally displaced persons" and "forced migrants".
(Archive of the staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


RESOLUTION 1524 (2004) ADOPTED BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL, on 30 January 2004
The Security Council,
Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1494 (2003) of 30 July 2003,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 14 January 2004 (S/2004/26),
Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1 997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
Deploring that the perpetrators of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of nine people on board, have still not been identified,
Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,
Welcoming, however, the positive momentum given to the United Nations-led peace process by regular high-level meetings of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the Georgian-Russian summit meeting in March 2003,
Noting the holding of presidential elections in Georgia in January and encouraging the new Georgian leadership as well as the Abkhaz side to pursue a comprehensive, peaceful political settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,
1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 14 January 2004 (S/2004/26);
2. Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;
3. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;
4. Stresses, in particular, its strong support for the document on "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;
5. Deeply regrets, the continued refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;
6. Regrets the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;
7. Underlines further that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;
8. Welcomes the convening of regular meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the intention expressed by the parties to accept the invitation to participate in the forthcoming meeting and calls upon them to participate again in a positive spirit;
9. Urges the parties to participate in a more active, regular and structured manner in the task forces established in the first Geneva meeting (to address issues in the priority areas of economic cooperation, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, and political and security matters) and complemented by the working groups established in Sochi, and stresses that results oriented activities in these three priority areas remain key to building common ground between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides and ultimately for concluding meaningful negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement based on the paper entitled "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and its transmittal letter;
10. Welcomes the joint Georgian-Abkhaz high-level visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina and to Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, led by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, as agreed in the second Geneva meeting;
11. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust;
12. Calls again on the parties to ensure the necessary revitalization of the peace process in all its major aspects, including their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, and to consider holding a fourth conference on confidence-building measures;
13. Reminds all concerned to refrain from any action that might impede the peace process;
14. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG and consultations with UNHCR and the Group of Friends and recalls the understanding in the Sochi summit that the reopening of the Sochi-Tbilisi railway will be undertaken in parallel with the return of refugees and displaced persons, starting in the Gali district;
15. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and IDPs affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration;
16. Recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population;
17. Welcomes the mission led by the United Nations Development Programme to the Gali region (December 2003) to assess the feasibility of a sustainable recovery process for the local population and potential returnees and to identify further actions to improve the overall security conditions and ensure sustainable return and looks forward to the publication of the resulting report;
18. Welcomes the positive consideration by the parties given to the recommendations of the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, urges them once again to implement those recommendations and in particular calls upon the Abkhaz side to agree to the opening as soon as possible of the Gali branch of the human rights office in Sukhumi and to provide security conditions for its unhindered functioning;
19. Welcomes the start of the deployment of a civilian police component as part of UNOMIG, as endorsed in resolution 1494 (2003) and agreed by the parties, looks forward to an early confirmation by the Abkhaz side that the deployment in the Gali district of the remaining police officers can proceed, and calls on the parties to cooperate and actively support the police component;
20. Calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;
21. Calls on both parties further to publicly dissociate themselves from any militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options or for the
activities of illegal armed groups, notes the efforts undertaken by the Georgian side to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups and encourages the parties, in particular the Georgian side, to maintain their efforts;
22. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);
23. Welcomes the continuing relative calm in the Kodori Valley and the intention reaffirmed by the parties to resolve the situation peacefully, recalls its strong support to the protocol signed by the two sides on 2 April 2002 regarding the situation in the valley and calls on the sides to continue to fully implement this protocol;
24. Deplores the deterioration in the security environment in the Gali sector including repeated killings and abductions;
25. Welcomes the holding of a Quadripartite meeting with high-level representation by the parties on 19 January 2004, and their signing of a protocol on security issues and urges the parties to abide by the provisions of that protocol and the protocol signed by them on 8 October 2003 and to cooperate more closely with each other to improve security in the Gali sector;
26. Calls on the Georgian side to continue to improve security for joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols in the Kodori Valley to enable them to resume monitoring of the situation independently and regularly when road conditions permit;
27. Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel; strongly condemns the repeated abductions of personnel of those missions, deeply deplores that none of the perpetrators have ever been identified or brought to justice and reiterates that it is the responsibility of the parties to end this impunity;
28. Urges the parties, once again, to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, to bring them to justice, and to inform the Special Representative on the steps taken;
29. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2004, subject to a review as appropriate of its mandate by the Council in the event of changes in the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force;
30. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;
31. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


PROTOCOL #30 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
April 16, 2004, Tskhinvali
Chaired by: Boris Chochiev – Minister of Special Tasks, Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC
Agenda:
1. Proposals of the parties to the JCC about the future activities within the framework of the Georgian-Russian Conflict Settlement.
2. Approval of decisions about the projects developed previously within the framework of the JCC.
- on the bulletin of the JCC;
- on introducing changes to the provision on Special Coordination Center;
- on the meeting of authorized representatives of the JCC;
- on activities of joint posts of road police of the Ministries of  Internal Affairs of South Ossetian and Georgian parties in the villages of Kekhvi and Tamarasheni.
3. On realization of the agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees.
4. On the Commander of the JPKF.
5. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. Proposals of the parties to the JCC about the future activities within the framework of the Georgian-Russian Conflict Settlement.
(Mayorov, Chochiev, Khaindrava, Kusov, Roy Rive, Thorben Holtze, Hussein Navid)
1.2. Take into account the information of the parties to the JCC about the readiness to activate the work within the framework of the JCC for the purpose of further development of the process of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.
2. Approval of decisions about the projects developed previously within the framework of the JCC.
(Mayorov, Chochiev, Khaindrava, Kusov, Roy Rive)
2.1. Approve the Provision on the Bulletin of the JCC (attached).
Resolve the issue on acquisition of equipment and carry out the respective appointment of staff. Define the circulation of the Bulletin, 1,000 copies at the initial stage.
Ask the OSCE and EC to fund the issuance of the Bulletin within the framework of the approved project.
2.2. Include in the Joint Coordination Center representatives of law enforcement organs of North Ossetia-Alania and renew its activities.
The parties, within the period of two weeks, should develop draft provision on the structural subdivisions of the Center and carry out exchange of relevant projects.
2.3. Approve the proposal of the parties of the JCC and assign the workgroup of the JCC, within the period of two weeks, to develop a provision on the meeting of the authorized cochairmen of the JCC and carry out exchange of relevant projects.
2.4 South Ossetian and Georgian parties should, within the period of two weeks, resolve the issue on the procedure of staffing the personnel of law enforcement organs on the joint posts of the road policy in the villages of Kekhvi and Tamarasheni by employees of the Police department of Kurta and Department of Internal Affairs of Tskhinvali with further re-subordination of the above-noted posts to the Center.
3. On realization of the agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees.
(Mayorov, Chochiev, Khaindrava, Kusov)
3.1. Approve the Address to the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia about realization of the agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees (attached).
Ask cochairmen of the JCC from Russian and Georgia parties to bring the content of the Agreement to the relevant Governments.
4. On the Commander of the JPKF.
(Chochiev, Khaindrava, Kusov, Mayorov)
4.1. Approve Major General S. Nabzdorov as the Commander of the JPKF.
5. Miscellaneous
(Chochiev, Khaindrava, Kusov, Mayorov)
5.1. Take into account the information of South Ossetian party on arrears of some residents of a number of inhabited localities of the zone of conflict (Kekhvi and Eredvi administrations) for the consumed electricity to “Yugosenergo”.
Within ten days, hold a meeting of specialist of the energy sector of South Ossetian and Georgian parties for the purpose of defining the list of works regarding the electricity transmission lines “Java-Tskhinvali” from ВЛ-35 kW to the 110 kW voltage and development of the schedule of covering the electricity arrears.
5.2. On the results of the meeting of cochairmen of the JCC the statement for the press was approved (attached).
5.3. Participants of the meeting expressed their gratitude to South Ossetian party for showing them hospitality and creating favorable conditions for holding meetings of cochairmen of the JCC.
5.4. Next session of the JCC shall be held in Tbilisi at the end of May, 2004.
B. Chochiev, Chairman of Session, Head of South Ossetian part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 1 To Protocol #30 of  the JCC Session dated April 16, 2004
PROVISION On Information Bulletin of joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement
1. General Provisions
The information bulletin of the JCC (hereafter referred to as the Bulletin) shall be an official publication of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.
The Bulletin shall be a non-commercial issue and shall be distributed on a free-of-charge basis.
2. Goals and Objectives
Publication of the bulletin shall be carried out for the purpose of distribution of information about the process of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, activities of the JCC and its structural subdivisions, the JPKF, the events taking place in the zone of conflict, activities of the Special Coordination Center for mutual activities of law enforcement organs of the parties to keep law and order, the process of return of refugees and IDPs, assistance to the population residing in the zone of conflict on the part of foreign states regional and international organizations. One of the tasks of the Bulletin shall be establishment of backward-connection of the community of the parties being evolved in the process of negotiations regarding settlement of the conflict.
3. Editorial Board
The Editorial Board shall carry out general management of the issuance of the Bulletin. The editorial board shall consist of cochairmen of the JCC. Head of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia, Head of the Delegation of the European Commission in Georgia, regional representative of the Chief Commander of UN for the Refugee Affairs in Georgia shall participate in the work of the editorial board with the right of deliberative vote.
4. Editorial Staff. Activities of the Editorial Staff
The editorial staff shall consist of two co-editors (from South Ossetia and Georgian parties each) who, by recommendation of cochairmen of the JCC from the respective parties, shall approve decisions of the JCC. The editorial staff shall also consist of two journalists (from South Ossetia and Georgian parties each) and two persons in charge of preparation of the Bulletin (from South Ossetia and Georgian parties) appointed by Heads of respective parts of the JCC.
The editorial staff, in its activities, shall be guided by decisions of the JCC and the present provision.
Co-editors shall be responsible for organization, formation and issuance of bulletins.
Cochairmen of the JCC shall approve formation of a cover page of a bulletin. The cover of a bulletin shall be attractive for readers.
Co-editors of a bulletin shall form a thematic plan of the next issue of the bulletin and respective plans-objectives for journalists and sent them for approval to the Editorial Board. Approved plan-objectives shall be submitted to journalists for fulfillment. Co-editors shall form a model of a bulletin and then present it for approval to the editorial board (through fax, e-mail). After approving the model of a bulletin, it shall be sent to the printing house for printing the issue where printing of translations in English, Georgian, Ossetian) shall be provided too.
The Bulletin shall be printed on А4 format paper on 20-24 pages.
The size of the issue of the bulletin shall be defined under the decision of the JCC (from a thousand and more).
The Bulletin shall be issued once every two month.
The Bulletin shall be issued in the Russian language and sent to the secretariats of the units of the JCC and the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia for translation in the English language, and, if needed, in the Georgian and Ossetian languages. An interpreter-translator shall certify correspondence of the translation with the authentic text in the Russian language. The issue of the Bulletin shall be distributed in the government organs of the parties, among the society, diplomatic missions, as well as among international and regional organizations and their representatives (according to the list of persons and organizations approved by the JCC).
Cochairmen of the JCC shall determine the place of printing the Bulletin of the JCC.
5. Content of Materials of Bulletin and Headings
- Official materials (speeches of cochairmen, information on sessions of the JCC, its workgroups, excerpts from decisions of the JCC; information on visits of foreign guests in the zone of conflict; meetings where issues on the Georgian-Ossetian conflict has been raised and discussed; excerpts from resolutions of UN, the OSCE);
- Assessments, evaluations, problems, judgments (opinions of representatives of different organizations, business circles, local and foreign specialists and experts in the area of conflictology);
- Foreign aid (economic and humanitarian assistance from foreign states and international organizations to the population in the zone of conflict; goals, objectives, directions, numbers);
- People, events, facts (reporting on interesting people, facts, events in various areas; fiction, culture, sports, arts, etc);
- Opinions of readers (heading shall be formed on the basis of articles and letters of readers);
- Other materials supporting resolution of the conflict.
Publication of statements of one of the parties to the process of negotiations incorporating accusations towards another party shall be prohibited in the Bulletin.
6. Conclusive Provisions
This provision shall be approved by the JCC.

Cost Estimate for Issuance of the Bulletin of the JCC



Volume
Cost per Unit
Sum (in EURO)
1
Salary


13200

Co-editor
2*12
200
4800

In charge of preparation of materials from Russia and North Ossetia-Alania
2*12
100
2400

Journalist
2*12
150
3600

Accountant
12
100
600

Specialist for page-proof
12
150
1800





2
Equipment and materials


6400

Rhizograph
1
3000
3000

Computer (for Georgian side)
1
550
550

Dictaphone
2
50
100

Stitcher
1
300
300

Materials (paper, master-tapes, paint)
1*12

2400





3
Office expenses


2900

Communications
12
100
1200

Travel expenses
2*12
50
1200

Other expenses


500

Total


22500

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


STATEMENT of Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement
April 16, 2004, Tskhinvali
Cochairmen of the JCC, expressing its great satisfaction for recommencement of activities of the Commission, confirmed adherence to the agreement on the  principles for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement dated June 24, 1992, and emphasized that the JCC and the JPKF represent an efficient mechanism for taking active actions for stabilization and resolution of existed problems in the zone of conflict.
The parties indicated the importance if the actual realization of the Agreement between the Governments of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, which could support the establishment of favorable conditions for developing the process of negotiations and other issues of the conflict settlement. Georgian and Russian parties confirmed heir intention to activate efforts for the resolution of organizational issues related to the implementation of he stated Agreement.
Cochairmen of the JCC highly evaluated the striving of the European Commission for starting realization of the project in the zone of conflict in the amount of 2.5 million EURO, as well as the readiness of EC, the OSCE and UN to expand assistance aimed at rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees.
The parties achieved agreement on starting issuance of the information bulletin of the JCC, activate works of the Special Coordination Commission Center for mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs and fight against organized crime, and organizing, in the near future, the meeting of heads of law enforcement organs of Georgian, South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties for resolving the imminent problems.
It was decided to hold the next session of the JCC at the end of May 2004, in Tbilisi.
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA
On Realization of the Agreement  between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of Conflict and return of Refugees
For the purpose of implementing the Agreement concluded between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the one of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and pursuant to the instructions of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation, the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement:
developed the principles of formation of inter-state Russian-Georgian program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the mechanisms for its implementation;
defined the priority directions of the program for the purpose of their consideration during the Russian-Georgian negotiations;
prepared proposals on representation of the parties in the inter-state Russian-Georgian organ for the development and realization of the program;
developed the list of actions for the project of inter-state Russian-Georgian program on mutual cooperation regarding return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered in the process of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
This stage of preliminary preparation within the competence of the JCC is completed.
Due to the fact that future work on the draft programs shall be carried out through the compliance with the existed inter-state procedures, the JCC urges to give a commission (instruction) to respective ministries and agencies of Russian Federation and Georgia.
We also deem it expedient to regularly review the way of realization of the Agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees at the sessions of Russian-Georgian commissions on the issues of economic cooperation after completing formation of its national parties.
Taking into account that the work on the draft state budgets for 2005 shall start in nearest months, the JCC  recommends to give respective instructions within the shortest period of time.
Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement:
On behalf of the Russian side                        
On behalf of the Georgian side
On behalf of the South Ossetian Side                    
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
April 16, 2004, Tskhinvali
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
On Realization of the Agreement  between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of Conflict and return of Refugees
For the purpose of implementing the Agreement concluded between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the one of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and pursuant to the instructions of Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation, the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement:
developed the principles of formation of inter-state Russian-Georgian program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the mechanisms for its implementation;
defined the priority directions of the program for the purpose of their consideration during the Russian-Georgian negotiations;
prepared proposals on representation of the parties in the inter-state Russian-Georgian organ for the development and realization of the program;
developed the list of actions for the project of inter-state Russian-Georgian program on mutual cooperation regarding return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered in the process of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
This stage of preliminary preparation within the competence of the JCC is completed.
Due to the fact that future work on the draft programs shall be carried out through the compliance with the existed inter-state procedures, the JCC urges to give a commission (instruction) to respective ministries and agencies of Russian Federation and Georgia.
We also deem it expedient to regularly review the way of realization of the Agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees at the sessions of Russian-Georgian commissions on the issues of economic cooperation after completing formation of its national parties.
Taking into account that the work on the draft state budgets for 2005 shall start in nearest months, the JCC  recommends to give respective instructions within the shortest period of time.
Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement:
On behalf of the Russian side                        
On behalf of the Georgian side
On behalf of the North Ossetian side
April 16, 2004, Tskhinvali
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


STATEMENT  OF PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA
June 4, 2004
The Parliament of Georgia is carefully watching the situation, which has recently been created in the former Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia.
The Georgian Parliament would like to note with anxiety that the as a result of the aggressive and provocative statements by the former Commander of peacemaking force of Russia in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict made on May 31, the goal of was to maintain the regime that supported movement of illegal and smuggled goods (cargo) in the region, seriously exerted the situation. Fortunately, due to active, deliberate and coordinated actions of the Georgian authorities, who were supported by the significant part of the population of the region, it became possible to improve and stabilize the situation thereof. The parliament welcomes the above-noted fact and declares that in future too, it will support introduction of strict restrictions on those smuggled goods (cargo) that enter Georgia not only via the territory of South Ossetia but also other regions and undermine the economic safety of the country.
The Georgian Parliament expresses it protest with regard to the fact that took place in June 1, 2004 when the wife of President of Georgia, who was going to the village of Tamarasheni with the humanitarian mission, and the members of the Parliament and a representatives of the cultural sector who were following her, were rejected to move on the territory of the former South Ossetian Territory in an aggressive and humiliating manner. The Parliament calls all political forces operating in the region, who, for personal purposes, try to strain (tense) the situation through confrontation of the Georgian and Ossetian population, for respecting the fundamental norms of the law and ethics, especially the chivalrous traditions of Georgian and Ossetian people.
The Georgian Parliament focuses on the importance of the May 26 and May 31 television addresses of President of Georgia and believes that after completing the military confrontation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, it was for the first time that the top official of Georgia made real steps towards final resolution of the conflict. The Parliament fully shares the President’s position that it is important for the population of Ossetian nationality living in that region to see and feel that Georgia protects them and cares for their welfare; it is important to take efficient actions for protecting main democratic rights of the population, to improve their social and economic condition, restore the confidence between the Georgian and Ossetian people.
The Georgian Parliament states that the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens of Ossetian nationality will be guaranteed within the united Georgian state; all over the country, they will be provided with all conditions for the maintenance and development of their originality, as well as for realization of cultural, economic, social and political rights. All the above-noted developments shall be achieved through a political dialogue where the people should participate, and first of all – the Ossetian population who most of all wishes to keep peace and stability.
The Georgian Parliament applies to separate organs of authorities and mass media of Russian Federation to demonstrate a great political astuteness, objectiveness, correctness and restraint. Against the background when real formation of good-neighborly, mutually beneficial relationship between Russia and Georgia is in place, attempts of political pressure and interference into internal affairs of sovereign state will result in nothing but injury to any of them. Russian Federation and Georgia should be equally interested in creating the stable and peaceful Caucasus, the achievement of which is possible only through cooperation and mutual respect. The Parliament is ready to contribute to formation of new, more active relationship between Russia  and Georgia that will be oriented on future cooperation.
The Georgian Parliament applies to the Governments of the United States of America, Russian Federation, member states to the European Commission and other friendly states, as well as to all relevant international organizations with the request to support the Georgian authorities in its attempts regarding final, peaceful and political regulation of the situation in the former South Ossetian autonomous oblast, in protecting fundamental rights and democratic values of individuals, as well as contribute to the process of full-scale rehabilitation of the region.
At the present moment, there are all political and economic preconditions in place for final settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, which will become the unique precedent of peaceful resolution of, through political methods, of the so called “Frozen conflicts” throughout the post soviet environment, which, on its part, will support strengthening of international safety and stability as a whole.
Tbilisi, June 4, 2004
(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)


STATEMENT Of THE STATE DUMA OF FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION Regarding Aggravation of the Situation in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and on Actions to be Taken for Protection of Rights and Legal Interests of Citizens of Russian Federation and Russian Compatriots Residing and Staying on the Territory of South Ossetia
July 10, 2004
The State Duma of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation expresses it extreme concern with regard to aggravating the situation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
We would like to remind, that Ossetia voluntarily formed a part of Russia in 1774 in the form of the unified Ossetia and not the South and North Ossetia. This is an indivisible (unified) nation.
Deputies of the State Duma deem it their duty to remind the leadership of Georgia that just in accordance with the Agreement signed by heads of Russia and Georgia in Sochi on June 24, 1992 about the principles of resolving the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, the peacekeeping operations started in the zone of conflict on July 14, 1992.
According to the above-noted Agreement, the peace-keeping joint forces (the JPKF) have been established within the Georgia, Russian and Ossetian battalions and entered in the zone of conflict. Russian peacemakers, on the recognition of participant of the process, represent the main stabilizing force in the zone of conflict.
The deputies of the State Duma are extremely concerned about the information that Georgian authorities do not stop their illegal and provocative actions in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Using the above-noted methods, the authorities seriously coarsely) violate the stated Agreement and make all efforts to remove the resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian problem from the legal framework.
Statements of some representatives of the leadership of Georgia evoke (cause) deep bewilderment  where they try to justify the provocative actions of Georgian law enforcement structures against Russian peacemakers. Those who encourage these very dangerous actions, should realize that just they will be responsible for escalation of tension in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. In the opinion of the deputies of the State Duma, Tbilisi ignores the fact that aggravation of the situation in the stated zone jeopardizes the safety of the population of South Ossetia, the majority of which are the citizens of Russian Federation and Russian compatriots.
The State Duma strongly denounces the actions of Georgian authorities aimed at destabilization of the situation on South Ossetia.
Taking into account the above-noted facts, the deputies of the State Duma expresses open bewilderment about the position of members of Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE, which, per se supports the assessment of the situation in South Ossetia provided by the Georgian delegation. Absence in the resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE of even a  mentioning of a mandate of the JCC, which according to the 1992 Agreement between the parties agreed by the parties represents the only legal basis for resolving the all main issues in the region, will hardly facilitate the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetia conflict.
The approach (thinking) and politicization of the said resolution is very obvious especially when at the moment of its adoption groups of armed persons having no documents were detained in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and they were released with the help of the Russian peacemakers.
The deputies of the State Duma are absolutely certain that at the present moment the main task is to renew activities of the JCC, including the activities in emergency regime, as soon as possible, through visiting the sites, negotiations within the framework of the stated Commission. Only such approach, irrespective of the existed difficulties, demonstrated that this was the only method to settle the South Ossetian problems and create beneficial preconditions for constructive negotiations.
The deputies of the State Duma will again continue preventing use of military forces in the Caucasus, providing safety, protecting rights and legal interest of the population of Russian Federation and Russian compatriots residing and staying on the territory of South Ossetia.
(www.duma.ru/in Russian)


RESOLUTION 1554 (2004)UNITED NATIONS ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL, on 29 July 2004
The Security Council,
Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1524 of 30 January 2004,
Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 14 July 2004,
Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
Deploring that the perpetrators of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of nine people on board, have still not been identified,
Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,
Welcoming, however, the positive momentum given to the United-Nations-led peace process by regular high-level meetings of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the Georgian-Russian summit meetings,
Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,
1. Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;
2. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the
Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;
3. Reiterates its strong support for the document on "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;
4. Deeply regrets the continued refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;
5. Regrets also the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;
6. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust and underlines that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;
7. Welcomes the commitment by the Georgian side to a peaceful resolution of the conflict and calls on both parties further to publicly dissociate themselves from all militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options;
8. Reminds all concerned to refrain from any action that might impede the peace process;
9. Welcomes the convening of regular meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends and the United Nations in Geneva and, while regretting that the Abkhaz side did not participate in the last meeting, looks forward to the constructive participation of the parties in the forthcoming meetings;
10. Urges the parties to participate in a more active, regular and structured manner in the task forces established in the first Geneva meeting (to address issues in the priority areas of economic cooperation, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, and political and security matters) and complemented by the working groups established in Sochi in March 2003, and reiterates that results-oriented activities in these three priority areas remain key to building common ground between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides and ultimately for concluding meaningful negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement based on the paper entitled "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and its transmittal letter;
11. Encourages the sides in that respect to continue their discussion on security guarantees and welcomes the meeting in Sukhumi on 20 May on this issue;
12. Calls again on the parties to take concrete steps to revitalize the peace process in all its major aspects, including their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on
confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242) and to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, with a view to holding a fourth conference on confidence-building measures;
13. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG and consultations with UNHCR and the Group of Friends;
14. Calls for the rapid finalization and signature of the letter of intent on returns proposed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and welcomes the recent meetings with the participation of the SRSG and UNHCR of the Sochi working group on refugees and internally displaced persons;
15. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration;
16. Recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population;
17. Welcomes the report of the mission led by the United Nations Development Programme to the Gali region (December 2003) to assess the feasibility of a sustainable recovery process for the local population and potential returnees and to identify further actions to improve the overall security conditions and ensure sustainable return, and looks forward to further consultations by UNDP and UNOMIG with the parties aimed at implementing its recommendations;
18. Urges the parties once again to implement the recommendations of the Joint Assessment Mission to the Gali sector (November 2000), regrets that there has been no progress to that effect despite the positive consideration by the parties given to those recommendations in the first Geneva meeting and calls again upon the Abkhaz side to agree to the opening as soon as possible of the Gali branch of the human rights office in Sukhumi and to provide security conditions for its unhindered functioning;
19. Expresses concern that despite the start of the deployment of a civilian police component as part of UNOMIG, as endorsed in resolution 1494 (2003) and agreed by the parties, the deployment of the remaining officers in the Gali sector is still outstanding and calls on the Abkhaz side to allow for a swift deployment of the police component in that region;
20. Calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;
21. Welcomes the measures taken by the Georgian side to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups and encourages the maintenance of these efforts;
22. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);
23. Welcomes the continuing relative calm in the Kodori valley, condemns the killings and abductions of civilians as well as the attack on a CIS checkpoint in the Gali sector;
24. Urges the parties to abide by the provisions of the protocols on security issues in the Gali sector signed on 19 January 2004 and 8 October 2003, to continue their regular meetings and to cooperate more closely with each other to improve security in the sector;
25. Calls on the Georgian side to provide comprehensive security guarantees to allow for independent and regular monitoring of the situation in the upper Kodori valley by joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols;
26. Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel; strongly condemns in that respect the repeated abductions of personnel of those missions in the past, deeply deplores that none of the perpetrators have ever been identified or brought to justice and reiterates again that it is the responsibility of the parties to end this impunity;
27. Urges the parties, once again, to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, to bring them to justice, and to inform the SRSG of the steps taken;
28. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2005, subject to a review as appropriate of its mandate by the Council in the event of changes in the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force;
29. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;
30. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


STATEMENT OF THE STATE DUMA OF FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION On the Situation in the Caucasus
August 5, 2004
The State Duma of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation expresses it extreme concern with regard to the fact that the situation in the Caucasus related to non-regulated status of Apkhasia and South Ossetia, has been extremely aggravated during the recent period. There are militant, sometimes even openly aggressive statements heard from official Tbilisi with regard to their readiness to take the most critical (resolute) actions for the purpose of one-sided resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian and Georgian-Apkhasia conflict. In addition, they clearly ignore international treaties and political agreements achieved in 1992-1994, respectively, and considering multi-lateral mechanisms of resolving disputable issues with regard to South Ossetia and Apkhasia, as well as functioning of international peacemaking contingents in the zone of conflict. Regardless the fact that the past years confirmed efficiency of the mechanisms established at that time, the Georgian party is moving towards the forceful resolution of the existed problems through ignoring opinions of other concerned parties.
The culmination of such policy was the recent statement of President of Georgia, Mr. M. Saakashvili about his order to border troops “to fire and sink all ships which will appear near the costs of Apkhasia.” He clearly indicated that threat, in the first place, is directed towards citizens of Russian Federation, who want to spend their holidays in Abkhazia. Such order with regard to unarmed ships conflicts with a number of principles and norms of the international law and, first of all, violates the principle of not using force or threat of force. The State Duma provides advance notice that the above-noted actions with regard to ships (vessels) sailing under international flags, including Russian, will be regarded as militant act with all subsequent consequences.
It is typical that on the same date when this provoking statement was made, an autocade was fired in South Ossetia in which Mr. A. Kokoshin, the Chairman of the Committee for The Affairs of CIS Countries and Contacts with Compatriots of the State Duma, as well as representatives of peacemaking contingent were riding. It is no doubt that this was a targeted extremist provocation organized by Georgian guerillas with the connivance of the official Tbilisi.
Continuing threats of Georgia with regard to citizens of Russian Federation permanently residing on the territories of South Ossetia and Apkhasia represent infringement of the sovereignty of Russian federation.
The conflict on the territory of former Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia is swiftly developing towards full-scale military confrontation in the Caucasus. Because of the Georgian leadership Russian Federation may be involved in it. Spontaneous development of events may cause involvement in military conflict of thousand citizens of Russian Federation residing in the Caucasus.
The State Duma is absolutely convinced that the policy pursued by the new Georgian leadership toward forceful resolution of the existed inter-national conflicts is myopic (shortsighted) and hopeless. The deputies of the State Duma want to remind about their position defined under the Statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation dated July 10, 2004 in favor of preventing use of military forces in the Caucasus, providing safety, protecting rights and legal interest of the population of Russian Federation and Russian compatriots residing and staying on the territory of Apkhasia and South Ossetia.
The State Duma urge to President of Russian Federation, V. Putin, and the Government of Russian Federation to take all necessary and adequate actions for normalization of the situation in then zone of conflict, support the political dialogue between the confronted parties and ensure safety of citizens of Russia, as ell as Russian transport facilities and other assets. In addition, the State Duma continues studying the addresses of the Parliament of Apkhasia and South Ossetia with regard to recognizing their rights to independence.
The State Duma is proceeding from the fact that any attempts to hurt citizens of Russian Federation or jeopardize their life will be adequately rebuffed. The Georgia party should realize its responsibility for the actions that threaten the safety and life of people.
(www.duma.ru/in Russian)


Amproved by the Parliament of Georgia ,29 September, 2004
MEMORANDUM of understanding on the third European Commission funded rehabilitation  program in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict
Mindful of the important role played by economic rehabilitation and repatriation in the overall settlement process of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict,
Nothing the willingness of the European Commission (EC), the OSCE Mission to Georgia, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)  and the United  Nations High Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR) to support Georgia in the  peaceful resolution of the conflict ,
Nothing that the  EC has  granted as its third rehabilitation  program (the ‘’Program’’) Euro 2.500.000  to the  OSCE Mission to Georgian to finance rehabilitation projects in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict as well as projects in support to refugees and  internally displaced persons (IDPS)
Georgia on the one side and EC, the OSCE Mission to Georgia, UNDP and UNHCR on the other side have agreed as follows:
The objectives of the program are:
- To support the process of reconciliation between the parties to the Georgian-Ossetian  conflict,
- To promote and support the voluntary return in safety and dignity of refugees and IDPs,
- To assist in the process of rehabilitation and improvement of social and economic conditions on the territories affected by the Georgian-Ossetian conflict,
-  To ensure that rehabilitation projects financed under previous grants are being maintained,
-  To benefit the population in the zone of conflict as well as resident and returning persons.
The projects financed under the program will be implemented by UNDP and UNHCR and in accordance to the procedures defined in annex 1, annex 2, and annex 3 of the present Memorandum of Understanding.
The budget of the Program in the sum of Euro 2.500.000 is divided into three parts:
First part
  Euro 800.000(eight hundred thousand) is earmarked for basic shelter assistance and repatriation kits to refugees and IDPs.
 Description of this assistance as well as its breakdown of costs in attached in annex 1.
This first part of the program falls under the responsibility of the UNHCR.
Second part
Euro 1.300.000(one million three hundred thousand) is earmarked for the rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in support to the permanent residents.
The list of these infrastructures as well as the indicative breakdown of costs for their rehabilitation is attached in annex 2. This second part of the Program falls under the responsibility of UNDP.
Third part
Euro 400.000 (four hundred thousand) is earmarked for the rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in the   areas where refugees and IDPs have voluntary returned.
 This third part of the program falls under the responsibility of UNDP with the participation of UNHCR in identifying the projects. The description of this part of the Program is defined in annex 2.
Georgia shall exempt from all taxes and customs duties all supplies, services and works financed under the Program.
The program shall be implemented within 18 months starting from the date of entry into force of the addendum to the Grant Agreement between the EC and OSCE Mission to Georgia, and upon the signing of the Project Agreements between the OSCE Mission to Georgia and UNDP and between the OSCE Mission to Georgia and UNHCR.
For Georgia                                                              
For the European commission:
For the OSCE Mission to Georgia:
For UNDP:
For UNHCR:

ANNEX I
Shelter / other infrastructure                                                         672950
Standard block houses                                                                      462 000
Doors & windows                                                                             34 100
Materials for roof kits / room kits                                                     176 850
Domestic needs / household support                                               16 650
Agricultural kits (450 units x EUR 37)                                             16 650
Contingency reserve                                                                         14 035
Management costs                                                                             96 365
Total:                                                                                                800 000

ANNEX II
Second part of the Program
in
Energy                                                                                                  740 000
Supply and installation of meters, transformers and pillars                  80 000
Completion of  HPS Edisi-2                                                                  510 000
Completion of HPS Kekhvi                                                                   150 000
Gas supply                                                                                               100 000
Completion of gas network  in Tskhinvali                                             70 000
Connection of Avnevi to the gas network                                              30 000
Water supply                                                                                           175 000
Rehabilitation of the Kemeli Water pump                                               35 000
Rehabilitation of the Edisi-Tskhinvali water pipe                                   40 000
Rehabilitation of the tskhinvali sewage system                                       80 000
Rehabilitation of the Tsunari water reservoir                                          20 000
Social Services                                                                                         80 000
Garbage processing plant                                                                          80 000
Completion of previous projects                                                              69 907
Total 2nd part                                                                                          1 164 907

Third part of the Program
            Rehabilitation of infrastructures in support to returnees/IDPS        300 000
Total projects under 2nd and 3rd parts                                               1 464 907
Management costs (PIU)1                                                                     129 100
Administrative costs (UNDP)                                                               80 993
Administrative costs (OSCE)                                                               25 000
Total                                                                                                     1 700 000

ANNEX III
MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF THE MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTATION
For the third EC funded Program
The main objective of the mechanism for implementation of the program at hand is to define the procedures to be followed while implementing the Program funded by the European Commission for rehabilitation projects in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The present procedures go with the approval of Georgia, EC, the OSCE Mission to Georgia, UNDP and UNHCR.
First part (rendering basic shelter assistance and repatriation kits) of the Program falls under the responsibility of the UNHCR.
The implementation of the shelter assistance and of the repatriation kits are the prerogative of the UNHCR. UNHCR will act in strict accordance with is mandate (i.e.  voluntaries, safety and dignity) and with the annex 2 (procedural attachment) of the JCC protocol no. 7 of 13 February 1997 “On the procedure of voluntary return of refugees and IDPs of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict to the areas of their previous residence” and shell be along the established practices developed in the area since the inception of the Programme since 1997. UNHCP within the implementation framework of this part of the Program will keep informed the Georgian and South Ossetian sides of the JCC.
Second part (rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in support to the resident communities) falls under the responsibility of UNDP
The rehabilitation of basic infrastructures in support to the resident communities residing within the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict shall be carried out in accordance with the list approved by the JCC on 26 June 2003.
UNDP shall be entrusted with the overall management of the  projects, be
responsible for signing contracts and agreement and for disbursing  funds under this second part of the Program.
There shall be set up a joint Georgian-Ossetian Project Implementation Unit (PIU)
with an international technical expert acting as a Program Manager (Chief technical advisor). The PIU shall include technical experts of both the Georgian and South-Ossetian sides with technical qualifications relevant to the implementation of the projects.
The implementation of this second part of the Program shall be carried out under
The supervision of the Organization Committee (OC) composed of authorized members: representatives from the Georgian side and from the South-Ossetian side, from the OSCE Mission to Georgia, from the EC, as well as from UNDP. The meetings of the OC are chaired by the OSCE Mission to Georgia.
The OC shall: approve the plan of action proposed by the Project Implementation
Unit for projects’ activities; approve possible budget revisions proposed by the UNDP (if the range of 10% of the initial indicative cost of the project); keep the JCC informed of the progress in the implementation of the projects foreseen under the second part of the Program; review and take decisions on evaluation of tender bids submitted by UNDP and the PIU.
The OC meets at the request of any of its members after a one-week notice is sent
in writing to all members. The members can be represented by their sub-delegates at the OC meetings. The members can also be accompanied by their technical advisors. Provided that the Georgian and South Ossetian sides are present or represented the OC shall be able to take decisions.
The decisions of the OC are taken on the basis of consensus. The Georgian and
South Ossetian sides, the OSCE Mission to Georgia and the EC have a right to veto. Should the case arise, the OC shall have two weeks to reach a consensus amongst its members. Should the OC fail to reach a consensus, the project or sub-project and its budget or sub-budget shall be canceled and one month shall be given for reallocation of the funds within the framework of the Program.
The Georgian and South Ossetian sides, UNHCR and UNDP shall identify the projects foreseen under the third part of the Program. Once approved by the OC, the projects shell is implemented in accordance with the modalities agreed upon for the implementation of the projects foreseen under the second part of the Program.
(Archive of the Foreign Ministry of Georgia)


STATEMENT On the Results of the Meeting of Z. Zhvania and E. Kokoiti
November 5, 2004
On November 5, 2004, a meeting between Mr. Z. Zhvania and E. Kokoiti was organized in Sochi. At the meeting, the Russian Federation was represented by Mr. V. Loshchinin, the first Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Republic of North Ossetia – Alania was represented by the state advisor to President of North Ossetia – Alania, Mr. T. Kusov. Cochairmen of the JCC and the Head of the Mission of CSCE in Georgia also participated in the meeting. The representative from the European Commission was also invited to participate in the discussion of the economic issues.
In the course of the meeting, which was very constructive, the ideas about the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict were exchanged, including the future defusion of the critical situation and stabilizing the situation in the zone of the conflict and strengthening trust between the parties. The parties agreed that the strengthening of trust, demilitarization of the zone of conflict, safety guarantees and the implementation of economic programs will add additional impetus to future constructive negotiations between the parties with the purpose of full-scale political settlement of the conflict.
The participant of the meeting stated with anxiety and concern that as a result of recent armed confrontation in South Ossetia the peaceful process of the conflict settlement faced the real threat of failure. They expressed deep regret regarding the victims, including those among peaceful population.
The parties noted the decisive role of the negotiations within the framework of the JCC, direct contacts between the governments of the parties, as well as activities of the JPKF in ending the armed confrontation.
The participants of the meeting confirmed their support to exclusively peaceful methods of regulating relationship between the confronting parties, denouncing any forms of violence, including infringement on the rights of individuals due to their ethnic origin as the means of achieving political goals. The parties also declared about their support to fundamental documents signed within the framework of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement and which represent firm basis for negotiations on full-scale political regulation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
Within the above-noted framework the parties agreed:
- to strictly fulfill the achieved agreement on ceasefire;
- for the purpose of gradual demilitarization of the zone of conflict, as the first step towards the success, to fully fulfill the decision of the JCC and complete withdrawal of armed formations remaining there by November 20, 2004, with the exception of the JPKF and law enforcement organs;
- by the same period, present for consideration by the JCC the agreements on the quantity of police subdivisions needed for keeping law and order, and specify the places of their dislocation;
- in future, not to dislocate armed formations and posts in the zone of conflict, without the agreement of the JCC;
- organize mutual cooperation between the law enforcement structure of the parties and take actions for renewing works of the joint Coordination Center;
- provide uninterrupted and safe transport communication along the Trans Caucasian highway and other roads in the zone of conflict, which connect inhabited localities, for unhampered movement of the population and cargo;
- the parties expressed  a desire to expand contacts on various levels, including the top (highest) political level, as well as meetings between parliamentarians and intelligentsia;
- at the nearest sessions of the JCC, consider concrete economic projects the realization of which represents mutual interest, and present the agreed [proposals, including for consideration by the OSCE and EC;
- carry out extraordinary session of the JCC for the purpose of taking control over the process of implementing the adopted decisions within the period of ten days;
The meeting participants positively evaluated the contribution of the OSCE to the peaceful resolution of the conflict, and EC – to economic rehabilitation of the region.
The parties marked the importance of the intermediary role of Russia with regard to peaceful resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict within the shortest period of time.
November 5, 2004, Sochi
From Georgian Side:                
From South Ossetian Side:
In the Presence of Russia as the Intermediary
In the Presence of the OSCE
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 40 OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
November 19-20, 2004, Vladikavkaz
Chaired by: T. Kusov – State Advisor to President of North Ossetia-Alania Head of North Ossetian Part of the JCC
Agenda
1. On the process of implementation of the agreements achieved at the meeting of E. Kokoiti and Z. Zhvania in Sochi on November 5, 2004 and other decisions of the JCC made in the past.
2. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. On the process of implementation of the agreements achieved at the meeting of E. Kokoiti and Z. Zhvania in Sochi on November 5, 2004 and other decisions of the JCC made in the past.
(Kusov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kenyaikin, Nikolayev, Vantomme, Kulakhmetov, Friev, Goguadze, Fetch)
Dzasokhov, President of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, made a speech at the session of the JCC for settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
He supported the striving towards peaceful settlement of the conflict and the attempts made for demilitarization of the zone of conflict. For the purpose of activating the process of conflict settlement, A. Dzasokhov provided a number of proposals, including establishment of a zone of economic welfare, establishment of special monitoring groups of Russia and Georgia, activating the efforts of Russian-Georgian commission on commercial and economic cooperation.
The meeting participants expressed their support to the above-noted proposals and deemed it expedient to form an expert group for studying the issues of establishing the zone of economic welfare, including the territories of Alagirski region of North Ossetia, South Ossetia and Gori region of Georgia, as well as the possibilities of efficient utilization of transport communications, including highways (automobile roads) and the Black Sea ports.
The JCC stated that the meeting of Mr. Z. Zhvania with E. Kokoiti, which took place on November 5, 2004 in Sochi, facilitated the process of increasing the trust and confidence between the parties to the conflict, reduction of tension in the zone of the conflict and gave incentive to practical work on gradual demilitarization of the zone of conflict.
The concrete results of the performed work are as follows: sharp reduction of skirmish, withdrawal of units of armed formations from the zone of conflict and their replacement with the JPKF, beginning of dismantling the fortification erections and minefields.
The JCC marks the readiness of the OSCE to render material and technical assistance to the parties to carry out works for liquidation of fortification erections.
It is notable that the concepts “zone conflict”, “zone of responsibilities of the JPKF”, “corridor” of safety, the parties declare their adherence to fundamental documents signed by the parties in the conflict within the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The parties welcome the beginning of publication of the information bulletin of the JCC. In the opinion of the JCC, publication of such bulletin with the participation off the parties is an unprecedented case in the world practice of settlement of the conflict. The agenda includes the issue of publishing the collection of fundamental documents on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict on the basis of the bulletin.
The JCC marks with great satisfaction that the development of agreements achieved previously between the parties activated the work for economic rehabilitation of the zone of conflict.
In addition, the situation in the zone of conflict remains unstable, including in connection with the non-fulfillment of the agreements achieved in the part.
The JCC is concerned about the existed impediments for delivery of humanitarian aid for Ossetian population in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The JCC is extremely concerned about the incidents, which occurred recently with regard to peacemaking forces.
The JCC expressed great concern about the following issues:
1. Continuing firing of inhabited localities in the zone of conflict;
2. Existence of armed formations in the zone of conflict, which is not considered under the respective agreements;
3. Existence of heavy technique and armaments in the zone of conflict;
4. Existence of illegal posts, which has not been agreed with the JCC;
5. Impediments to safe communications across the Trans Caucasian highway and other roads of the zone of conflict;
6. Impediments to free movement of soldiers of the JPKF in the zone of the conflict;
7. Non-fulfillment of decisions of the JCC on placing posts of the JPKF in the inhabited localities of Kekhvi, Tamarasheni, as well as on dismantling of the block-post in the village of Tamarasheni;
8. Facts of laying land mines on Transkam (Trans Caucasus Highway) in the area of inhabited localities in Tamarasheni and Kekhvi and untimely investigation of the given facts;
9. Illegal cutting and export of timber from the territory of then zone of conflict;
10. Facts of taking captives;
 In the process of discussion, the Georgian and South Ossetia parties expressed mutual claims, resolution of which, in the opinion of the parties, could support increase of trust and confidence and the process of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
Georgian party presented the following claims:
1. Impediments created for representatives of mass media with regard to coverage of events in the zone of conflict;
2. Movement of cargo in the zone of conflict from Russian Federation through the only legitimate checkpoint at the Russian-Georgian border “Kazbegi Upper Lars”;
3. Provocative incident taking place on November 19, 2005 in the zone of conflict, which caused wounding of two Georgian peacemakers;
4. Facts of violence against the peaceful population.
South Ossetian party presented the following claims:
1. Entry and existence of three hundred military personnel of internal army of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia in the to the zone of conflict, in the region of the village of Akhalsopeli, as well as the center for training of reservists in the village of Dzevera;
2. The number of military personnel defined by the JCC at the posts of the JPKF is far exceeded by the Georgian party;
3. The unapproved post in the village of Dirbi has not be eliminated irrespective of the decision of the JCC;
4. Armed attack on a car of the Ossetian battalion of the JPKF, kidnapping and murder of Ossetian peacemakers. As of to date, the fact of death and wounding of military personnel of the JPKF has not been investigated and the military property and armament has not been returned;
5. Passage of cargo to the villages of Tskhinvali and Leningori regions, including humanitarian aid, is being blocked by Georgian party;
6. Rights of citizens of the Ossetian nationality passing through the territory of Gori region to the villages of Leningori and Tskhinvali regions are violated, representatives of Georgian law enforcement organs detain them and confiscate transport facilities with the South Ossetian number plates.
7. Flights of Georgian military aircrafts over the zone of the conflict;
8. Violation of terms of rotation of Georgian peacemaking battalion;
9. Regular blocking of Transcam at Tamarasheni-Kekhvi;
10. Existence of monitoring officers of the OSCE in the area of the post “Pauk” (“Spider”).
the JCC made the following decision:
1, For the purpose of ensuring safety of the population and observance with the regime of ceasefire:
- The Joint Headquarters of the JPKF, within the period of one week, shall resolve the issue of putting posts of peacemaking forces at eastern and western outskirts of the inhabited localities from Tamarasheni to Kekhvi and the villages Kheiti and Kemerta located on the both sides of the river Didi Liakhvi;
- The parties to the conflict, prior to November 25, 2004, shall present schemes of their fortification erections and the agenda of their dismantling on the territory from the inhabited localities of Tamarasheni and Kekhvi and the villages Kheiti and Kemerta located on the both sides of the river Didi Liakhvi;
- The Joint Headquarters, prior to November 28, 2004, shall monitor the stated region through attracting officers of the OSCE, and the parties shall start respective activities for dismantling the fortification erections in the above-noted regions;
- The parties shall withdraw all armed formations unspecified under the applicable agreements from the above-noted inhabited localities and neighboring territories;
2. The JPKF shall take control over the process of implementing the work and regularly inform the JCC thereof;
3. For the purpose of strengthening the mutual confidence, the leadership of the parties to the conflict, shall ensure objective coverage of the taken actions through the Press-Center of the JPKF and mass media of the parties;
4. Determine, that ID of a soldier of peacemaking forces shall be signed by the Commander of the JPKF. The Commander of the JPKF and chief military superiors of Russian, Georgian and North Ossetian battalions shall bring the above-noted documents in compliance with this decision prior to December 10, 2004.
2. Miscellaneous:
(Kusov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kenyaikin, Nikolayev)
2.1. Approve D. Japaridze as the co-editor of the Bulletin of the JCC from the Georgian party and dismiss I. Loladze from this post.
2.2. Approve the provision of meetings of the authorized cochairmen of the JCC (attached).
2.3. Apply to the European Commission with the request to continue rendering financial assistance to the activities of Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC and the process of negotiations.
T. Kusov, Chairman of Session, Head of North Ossetian part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 40 OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
November 19-20, 2004, Vladikavkaz
Chaired by: T. Kusov – State Advisor to President of North Ossetia-Alania Head of North Ossetian Part of the JCC
Agenda
1. On the process of implementation of the agreements achieved at the meeting of E. Kokoiti and Z. Zhvania in Sochi on November 5, 2004 and other decisions of the JCC made in the past.
2. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. On the process of implementation of the agreements achieved at the meeting of E. Kokoiti and Z. Zhvania in Sochi on November 5, 2004 and other decisions of the JCC made in the past.
(Kusov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kenyaikin, Nikolayev, Vantomme, Kulakhmetov, Friev, Goguadze, Fetch)
Dzasokhov, President of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, made a speech at the session of the JCC for settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
He supported the striving towards peaceful settlement of the conflict and the attempts made for demilitarization of the zone of conflict. For the purpose of activating the process of conflict settlement, A. Dzasokhov provided a number of proposals, including establishment of a zone of economic welfare, establishment of special monitoring groups of Russia and Georgia, activating the efforts of Russian-Georgian commission on commercial and economic cooperation.
The meeting participants expressed their support to the above-noted proposals and deemed it expedient to form an expert group for studying the issues of establishing the zone of economic welfare, including the territories of Alagirski region of North Ossetia, South Ossetia and Gori region of Georgia, as well as the possibilities of efficient utilization of transport communications, including highways (automobile roads) and the Black Sea ports.
The JCC stated that the meeting of Mr. Z. Zhvania with E. Kokoiti, which took place on November 5, 2004 in Sochi, facilitated the process of increasing the trust and confidence between the parties to the conflict, reduction of tension in the zone of the conflict and gave incentive to practical work on gradual demilitarization of the zone of conflict.
The concrete results of the performed work are as follows: sharp reduction of skirmish, withdrawal of units of armed formations from the zone of conflict and their replacement with the JPKF, beginning of dismantling the fortification erections and minefields.
The JCC marks the readiness of the OSCE to render material and technical assistance to the parties to carry out works for liquidation of fortification erections.
It is notable that the concepts “zone conflict”, “zone of responsibilities of the JPKF”, “corridor” of safety, the parties declare their adherence to fundamental documents signed by the parties in the conflict within the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The parties welcome the beginning of publication of the information bulletin of the JCC. In the opinion of the JCC, publication of such bulletin with the participation off the parties is an unprecedented case in the world practice of settlement of the conflict. The agenda includes the issue of publishing the collection of fundamental documents on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict on the basis of the bulletin.
The JCC marks with great satisfaction that the development of agreements achieved previously between the parties activated the work for economic rehabilitation of the zone of conflict.
In addition, the situation in the zone of conflict remains unstable, including in connection with the non-fulfillment of the agreements achieved in the part.
The JCC is concerned about the existed impediments for delivery of humanitarian aid for Ossetian population in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The JCC is extremely concerned about the incidents, which occurred recently with regard to peacemaking forces.
The JCC expressed great concern about the following issues:
1. Continuing firing of inhabited localities in the zone of conflict;
2. Existence of armed formations in the zone of conflict, which is not considered under the respective agreements;
3. Existence of heavy technique and armaments in the zone of conflict;
4. Existence of illegal posts, which has not been agreed with the JCC;
5. Impediments to safe communications across the Trans Caucasian highway and other roads of the zone of conflict;
6. Impediments to free movement of soldiers of the JPKF in the zone of the conflict;
7. Non-fulfillment of decisions of the JCC on placing posts of the JPKF in the inhabited localities of Kekhvi, Tamarasheni, as well as on dismantling of the block-post in the village of Tamarasheni;
8. Facts of laying land mines on Transkam (Trans Caucasus Highway) in the area of inhabited localities in Tamarasheni and Kekhvi and untimely investigation of the given facts;
9. Illegal cutting and export of timber from the territory of then zone of conflict;
10. Facts of taking captives;
 In the process of discussion, the Georgian and South Ossetia parties expressed mutual claims, resolution of which, in the opinion of the parties, could support increase of trust and confidence and the process of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
Georgian party presented the following claims:
1. Impediments created for representatives of mass media with regard to coverage of events in the zone of conflict;
2. Movement of cargo in the zone of conflict from Russian Federation through the only legitimate checkpoint at the Russian-Georgian border “Kazbegi Upper Lars”;
3. Provocative incident taking place on November 19, 2005 in the zone of conflict, which caused wounding of two Georgian peacemakers;
4. Facts of violence against the peaceful population.
South Ossetian party presented the following claims:
1. Entry and existence of three hundred military personnel of internal army of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia in the to the zone of conflict, in the region of the village of Akhalsopeli, as well as the center for training of reservists in the village of Dzevera;
2. The number of military personnel defined by the JCC at the posts of the JPKF is far exceeded by the Georgian party;
3. The unapproved post in the village of Dirbi has not be eliminated irrespective of the decision of the JCC;
4. Armed attack on a car of the Ossetian battalion of the JPKF, kidnapping and murder of Ossetian peacemakers. As of to date, the fact of death and wounding of military personnel of the JPKF has not been investigated and the military property and armament has not been returned;
5. Passage of cargo to the villages of Tskhinvali and Leningori regions, including humanitarian aid, is being blocked by Georgian party;
6. Rights of citizens of the Ossetian nationality passing through the territory of Gori region to the villages of Leningori and Tskhinvali regions are violated, representatives of Georgian law enforcement organs detain them and confiscate transport facilities with the South Ossetian number plates.
7. Flights of Georgian military aircrafts over the zone of the conflict;
8. Violation of terms of rotation of Georgian peacemaking battalion;
9. Regular blocking of Transcam at Tamarasheni-Kekhvi;
10. Existence of monitoring officers of the OSCE in the area of the post “Pauk” (“Spider”).
the JCC made the following decision:
1, For the purpose of ensuring safety of the population and observance with the regime of ceasefire:
- The Joint Headquarters of the JPKF, within the period of one week, shall resolve the issue of putting posts of peacemaking forces at eastern and western outskirts of the inhabited localities from Tamarasheni to Kekhvi and the villages Kheiti and Kemerta located on the both sides of the river Didi Liakhvi;
- The parties to the conflict, prior to November 25, 2004, shall present schemes of their fortification erections and the agenda of their dismantling on the territory from the inhabited localities of Tamarasheni and Kekhvi and the villages Kheiti and Kemerta located on the both sides of the river Didi Liakhvi;
- The Joint Headquarters, prior to November 28, 2004, shall monitor the stated region through attracting officers of the OSCE, and the parties shall start respective activities for dismantling the fortification erections in the above-noted regions;
- The parties shall withdraw all armed formations unspecified under the applicable agreements from the above-noted inhabited localities and neighboring territories;
2. The JPKF shall take control over the process of implementing the work and regularly inform the JCC thereof;
3. For the purpose of strengthening the mutual confidence, the leadership of the parties to the conflict, shall ensure objective coverage of the taken actions through the Press-Center of the JPKF and mass media of the parties;
4. Determine, that ID of a soldier of peacemaking forces shall be signed by the Commander of the JPKF. The Commander of the JPKF and chief military superiors of Russian, Georgian and North Ossetian battalions shall bring the above-noted documents in compliance with this decision prior to December 10, 2004.
2. Miscellaneous:
(Kusov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kenyaikin, Nikolayev)
2.1. Approve D. Japaridze as the co-editor of the Bulletin of the JCC from the Georgian party and dismiss I. Loladze from this post.
2.2. Approve the provision of meetings of the authorized cochairmen of the JCC (attached).
2.3. Apply to the European Commission with the request to continue rendering financial assistance to the activities of Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC and the process of negotiations.
T. Kusov, Chairman of Session, Head of North Ossetian part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex to Protocol # 40 of the JCC November 19-20, 2004, Vladikavkaz
PROVISION ON MEETINGS OF AUTHORIZED CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JCC
Meetings of the authorized cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement (hereafter the “authorized cochairmen”) shall be organized on regular basis between the sessions of the JCC.
The authorized cochairmen, at their meetings, shall be guided by decisions and recommendations of the JCC and regularly inform cochairmen of the JCC about the performed works.
The following shall participate in meetings of the authorized cochairmen:
1. Representatives of the parties in the workgroup of the JCC on law enforcement organs and peacemaking forces;
2. Representatives of the parties in the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues;
3. Representatives of the parties in the ad hoc committee on refugees;
4. Representatives of the parties in the joint command of the JPKF;
5. Representatives of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia.
Representatives of local administration shall be invited to the meeting. Representatives of the delegations of the European Commission in Georgia and representatives of UN in Georgia may attend meetings of the authorized cochairmen.
Chairman of meeting shall be commander of the JPKF.
Main Goals and Objectives of Meetings of Authorized Cochairmen
- Monitoring over implementation of decision and recommendations of the JCC;
- Mutual cooperation with local administrative organs on the issues preventing conflicts on ethnical bases and developing the mechanisms for resolving the occurred problems;
- Keeping permanent contact with local organizations, collectives of citizens, organizing reception of individual persons on the issues of return of refugees, discussions thereof and, if possible, finding ways of resolving these issues at the session of the workgroup or the JCC;
- If needed, raising initiatives about calling of an extraordinary (special) session of the JCC;
- Attracting experts on concrete issues to the work.
Meetings of the authorized cochairmen shall be held twice a month, as necessary.
The venue of the meeting: Tskhinvali, Joint Headquarters of the JPKF.
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 41 OF THE MEETING OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
December 22-23, 2004, Tbilisi
Chaired by: Khaindrava George – State Minister of Georgia for Settlement of Conflicts, Head of the Georgian Part of the JCC.
Agenda
On the process of implementing agreements achieved at the meting in Sochi on November 5, 2004, and at the session of the JCC in Vladikavkaz on November 19-20, 2004.
Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
On the process of implementing agreements achieved at the meting in Sochi on November 5, 2004, and at the session of the JCC in Vladikavkaz on November 19-20, 2004.
(Khaindrava, Chohiev, Kusov, Kenyaikin, Ganchev, Errero, Kulakhmetov, Friev, Gugutsidze, Khalash)
Participants of the meeting took into consideration the report of the Commander of the JPKF (attached) and chief military superiors about the current situation in the zone of conflict, and implementation by parties of agreements achieved in Sochi and Vladikavkaz. They discussed vast spectrum of issues resolution of which could support future stabilization of the situation.
There was a meeting arranged between cochairmen of the JCC and Mr. Z. Zhvania where they discussed the whole complex of next steps to be taken for realization of achieved agreements.
According to the agreement with E. Kokoiti, on December 24, there will be a meeting organized between him and cochairmen of the JCC in Tskhinvali.
The respective statement of cochairmen (attached) has been developed on the basis of the results of the meting of cochairmen of the JCC.
Miscellaneous
(Khaindrava, Kusov, Chochiev, Kenyaikin, Ganchev)
The parties stated with great satisfaction the beginning of issuing the first number of the Bulletin of the JCC. In this regard, the cochairmen applied too the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia to fund the issuance of the stated Bulletin in accordance with the previously approved cost-estimate prior to December 28, 2004.
G. Khaindrava, Chairman of the Session, Head of the Georgian Part of the JCC
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex 1 to Protocol # 41 of the JCC December 22-23 , 2004
STATEMENT OF CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
December 23, 2004, Tbilisi
On December 22-23, 2004, in Tbilisi, on the initiative of the South Ossetian party, there was a special session of co-chairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement arranged for discussing the situation in the zone of conflict, and their meeting with Mr. Z. Zhvania.
The co-chairmen of the JCC stated with anxiety that the situation in the zone of conflict remained highly explosive (dangerous). Irrespective of the fact that in the process of negotiations there was a serious base of agreement created, which was necessary for the development of the peaceful process, ignoring of the concrete agreements reached by the parties in the past inspired the feeling of anxiety and uncertainty in the population.
Within the format of the JCC, which represents the only realistically operating mechanism for regulating the conflict, the parties took concrete obligations in the spheres of gradual demilitarization of the zone of conflict, withdrawal of armed formations, with the exception of the JPKF; to agree on the quantity and location of posts of law enforcement organs, release roads and rehabilitate the economy of regions in the zone of conflict.
For the purpose of efficient fulfillment of the agreements, on November 5, 2004, in Sochi, there was a meeting of Mr. Z. Zhvania and E. Kokoiti organized on the initiative of the JCC. The main goal of his meeting was to increase the confidence between the parties to the conflict, reduce tension in the zone of conflict and give an impetus to practical works for gradual demilitarization of the zone of conflict. This was the target of the activities of the JPKF too, to increase the level of mutual cooperation of three peacemaking battalions of the JPKF.
In fact, the process failed. The above-noted gradual demilitarization and full withdrawal of armed formations from the zone of conflict and liquidation of fortification works did not take place. The number of police posts increased. Roads and communications remained blocked. Impediments for delivery of humanitarian aid for the population in the zone of conflict are still in place. The process of economic rehabilitation is not going forward. This situation, as a whole, creates the atmosphere of distrust between the parties.
Co-chairmen of the JCC apply to Mr. Z. Zhvania and E. Kokoiti with the request to provide clear coordination of joint activities of all ministries and agencies of he parties for strict fulfillment of the achieved agreements, and obligations taken by the parties for the purpose of successful development of the process of regulating the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. It is also very important to renew active cooperation between the law enforcement organs of the parties, which, previously, made it possible to stop full-scale armed confrontation in the zone of conflict, as well as to take actions for renewing works of the joint coordination center for cooperation of law enforcement organs.
Only the political will to practically implement the achieved agreement will actually confirm the readiness of the parties to settle the problem in a peaceful manner. The are no, and never be any other magic formats or formulas to be used.
Cochairman of the JCC from Georgian side                
Cochairman of the JCC from South Ossetian side
Cochairman of the JCC from Russian side                
Cochairman of the JCC from North Ossetian side
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


2005
PROTOCOL on commitments
January 24, 2005, Tskhinvali
Taking into account the fact that On January 24, 2005 the South Ossetian party delivered V.  Chalauri together with all investigative materials on him to the law enforcement organs of Georgia, Georgian party is obligated:
During January 25, 2005, release all recently captured persons of Ossetian nationality who have not participated in illegal activities;
The joint investigative group of law enforcement organs of the parties, with the participation of the Mission of the OSCE on January 25, 2005, provide the possibility to study he investigative materials about the case of A. Pukhaev. In the case of identifying his non-participation in any illegal actions, immediately release him and deliver him to the South Ossetian party. In the case of proving his illegal actions, carry out transference of A. Pukhaev to the investigative isolation ward of the JPKF until the end of January 25, 2005 for continuation of joint investigative actions.
The top political leadership of the parties guarantees implementation of the above-listed agreements.
Take into account the agreement of the parties to resolve the issue on transferring to each other previously detained and arrested persons.
Take into account the agreement of the parties to the conflict to strictly follow the procedure, determined previously within the framework of the JCC, on actions of law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of conflict, and urged the latter to refrain form carrying out any one-sided operations.
The guarantor of the present agreement
from the Georgian party is George Kaindrava, State Minister of Georgia,
Head of the Georgian part of the JCC
In participation with:
From Russian party: V. Kenyakin, Head of Russian part of the JCC
From North Ossetian Party: T. Kusov, Head of the North Ossetian Part of the JCC.
From the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia: R. Rives, Chief of the Mission.
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


RESOLUTION 1582 (2005) ADOPTED UN SECURITY COUNCIL, on 28 January 2005
The Security Council,
Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1554 of 29 July 2004 (S/RES/1554),
Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 17 January 2005,
Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
Deploring that the perpetrators of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of nine people on board, have still not been identified,
Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,
Welcoming, however, the positive momentum given to the United Nations-led peace process by regular high level meetings of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the Georgian-Russian summit meetings,
Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,
1. Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;
2. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the
Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;
3. Reiterates its strong support for the document on "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;
4. Deeply regrets the continued refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;
5. Regrets also the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;
6. Notes its position on Abkhaz elections as expressed in resolution 1255 of 30 July 1999 (S/RES/1255);
7. Calls on both sides to participate in constructive negotiations towards a political settlement of the conflict and to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust and underlines that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;
8. Welcomes the commitment by the Georgian side to a peaceful resolution of the conflict and calls on both parties further to publicly dissociate themselves from all militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options;
9. Reminds all concerned to refrain from any action that might impede the peace process;
10. Welcomes the convening of regular meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends and the United Nations in Geneva and encourages both sides to participate actively in the next meeting;
11. Urges the parties to participate in a more active, regular and structured manner in the task forces established in the first Geneva meeting (to address issues in the priority areas of economic cooperation, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, and political and security matters) and complemented by the working groups established in Sochi in March 2003, and reiterates that results-oriented activities in these three priority areas remain key to building common ground between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides and ultimately for concluding meaningful negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement based on the paper entitled "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and its transmittal letter;
12. Encourages the sides in that respect to continue their discussion on security guarantees with the participation of the Group of Friends;
13. Calls again on the parties to take concrete steps to revitalize the peace process in all its major aspects, including their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242) and to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, with a view to holding a fourth conference on confidence-building measures, and welcomes the intention expressed by Germany to host such a conference pending progress in the conflict resolution process;
14. Notes that contacts at the level of civil society can reinforce mutual confidence and calls on both sides to facilitate such contacts;
15. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG and consultations with UNHCR and the Group of Friends;
16. Calls for the rapid finalization and signature of the letter of intent on returns proposed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and welcomes the meetings with the participation of the SRSG and UNHCR of the Sochi working group on refugees and internally displaced persons;
17. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/3 97, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration;
18. Recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population;
19. Welcomes the continuing activities of UNDP in the Gali, Ochamchira and Tkvarcheli districts and the opening of offices by UNDP in Sukhumi and Gali;
20. Urges the parties once again to implement the recommendations of the Joint Assessment Mission to the Gali sector (November 2000), regrets that there has been no progress to that effect despite the positive consideration by the parties given to those recommendations in the first Geneva meeting and calls again upon the Abkhaz side to agree to the opening as soon as possible of the Gali branch of the human rights office in Sukhumi and to provide security conditions for its unhindered functioning;
21. Reiterates its concern that despite the start of the deployment of a civilian police component as part of UNOMIG, as endorsed in resolution 1494 (2003) and agreed by the parties, the deployment of the remaining officers in the Gali sector is still outstanding and calls on the Abkhaz side to allow for a swift deployment of the police component in that region;
22. Calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;
23. Welcomes the measures taken by the Georgian side to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups and encourages the maintenance of these efforts;
24. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);
25. Welcomes the continuing relative calm in the Kodori valley, condemns the killings and abductions of civilians in the Gali district;
26. Urges the parties to abide by the provisions of the protocols on security issues in the Gali district signed on 19 January 2004 and 8 October 2003, to continue their regular meetings and to cooperate more closely with each other to improve security in the Gali sector, and takes note of the resumption of Abkhaz participation in the Quadripartite meetings and the Joint Fact Finding Group;
27. Reiterates its call on the Georgian side to provide comprehensive security guarantees to allow for independent and regular monitoring of the situation in the upper Kodori valley by joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols;
28. Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel;
29. Strongly condemns in that respect the repeated abductions of personnel of those missions in the past, deeply deplores that none of the perpetrators have ever been identified or brought to justice, reiterates that it is the responsibility of the parties to end this impunity and calls upon them to take action;
30. Also calls upon the parties, once again, to take all necessary steps, to identify those responsible for the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, to bring them to justice, and to inform the SRSG of the steps taken in particular in the criminal investigation;
31. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2005; subject to a review as appropriate of its mandate by the Council in the event of changes in the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force;
32. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;
33. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


PROTOCOL # 42  OF THE MEETING OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLCIT SETTLEMENT
16-17 March 2005
(…)
Agenda
1. On the process of implementing the previous decisions by the Joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and on furthering the process of regulation.
2. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1.  On the process of implementing the previous decisions by the Joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and on furthering the process of regulation.
(Keniyakin, Kousov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Reve, Holtze, Kulakhmetov)
The relevant decision was adopted.
2. On holding the next meeting of the JCC.
(Keniyakin, Kousov, Khaindrava, Chochiev)
The agreed to determine the date and place of the next meeting of the JCC through the working regime.
The participants revered the memory of the Prime Minister of Georgia Zurab Zhvania’s with the minute of silence and pointed out about his positive contribution to the process of regulation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The South-Ossetian side made the declaration with regard of unfair and biased coverage of the situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone in reports of the OSCE Mission.
Georgian side and the OSCE Mission in Georgia expressed their firm disagreement with such assessment.
Georgian side proposed to hold the meeting between the Prime-Minister of Georgia Z. Nogaideli and the president of the South Ossetia E. Kokoiti.
The participants of the meeting expressed their gratitude to the Russian Side for hospitality and comfort provided to the participants of the JCC meeting.
Chairman of the meeting,
Head of the Russian part of the JCC V. Keniakin
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex to Protocol # 42 of the meeting of the JCC Co-chairs of 16-17 March 2005
DECESION on realization of previous decision of the Joint Control Commission on Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and on furthering of the process of  regulation
The participants noted that despite the difficult situation in the conflict zone there were certain positive trends, namely, the shooting and number of illegal points reduced.
At the same time the liquidation of fortification works did not take place generally due to the weather.  Still there are certain barriers for free movement of the people, goods and basic commodities, including the humanitarian aid.
The participants expressed their dismay with regard of slow realization of the previous decisions, as well as of acts undermining the mutual confidence between the sides (operation of the center of reservists, holding the military trainings in the conflict zone, facts of violation of the air-space within the zone under responsibility of the JPKF).  It was unanimously noted that the further development of the process of regulation was possible solely on the basis of implementing all the tools of JCC and of unconditional implementation of decisions made by the JCC.
Proceeding from the aforementioned it was found necessary to:
1. Take as information the report by the Commander of the JPKF on the current situation in the conflict zone and on implementation of agreements achieved by the sides (attached).
2. The working group on Law enforcement bodies and the Peacekeeping Forces of the JCC, with participation of the headquarters of the JPKF, before 1 April 2005 shall:
- submit the proposals on organizing the meetings of the leaders of law enforcement agencies of the both sides;
- elaborate the time-table for measures aimed at completing the liquidation of fortification works in the conflict zone;
- elaborate the rules for carrying the firearms by the law enforcement officials and armed structures of the sides in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
- Georgian and Ossetian sides shall:
- secure free movement of people, goods and humanitarian aid on the territory of conflict zone;
- deploy the motor-roads on the Ergneti-Kekhvi segment in accordance with provisions valid until 31 may 2004;
- dismantle unapproved check-points of the law enforcement bodies of the sides, including the point in Tanarasheni and Nikozi.
1 The Georgian side:
- according to the JCC decision of 30 September and 2 October of 2004 within a week  shall submit to the Co-chairs of the JCC the list of staff of the police check-points exercising their function within the zone under JPKF responsibility, referring to the relevant places of their dislocation;
- shall firmly pursue the fixed terms for rotation of the Georgian Battalion of the JPKF;
- shall promptly decide the issue on withdrawal of the Reservists’ training center from the conflict zone of Dzevera settlement;
- shall provide the results of investigation of the fact of attack against the military serviceman of the Ossetian Battalion on 12 October 2004 near the village Kibrali of Gori District.  
2. OC JPKF within a week shall complete the work on implementation of decision by JCC with regard of check-point in Kekhvi.
3. To restore in full capacity the activity of the JCC working group on Law Enforcement Organs and Peacekeeping Forces on economic and refugee issues.
4. To raise before the Intergovernmental Russian-Georgian Commission on Economic Cooperation the issue on intensification of the works on implementing the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Georgia regarding the interaction for revival of the economy in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict zone and return of refugees of 23 December 2000.
5. Within the two-week term the sides shall identify the officials for participation in ‘Thursday’’s meetings rendering them the relevant competence.
6. To take into account the petition of the JPKF Commander with regard of transferring suspect A.Sh. Pukhaev from the sell of pre-trial detention to the CJPKF for temporary keeping him before delivery the case to the court.
7. The JCC Co-chair from Georgian side, together with the CJPKF within a week shall carry out the measures for unconditional observance of agreements on preventing unsanctioned flies over the conflict zone;
8. To ask to the high leadership of Georgia and South Ossetia for meeting with the representatives of human rights organizations in order to decide the issue on transferring the convicts and defendants under investigation;
8. To recommend the expert groups of competent delegations of the sides on comprehensive regulation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict to hold the meeting on the issues of confidence building and strengthening of security.
9. The sides on the weekly basis shall inform each-other about fulfillment of commitments.
For the Russian side:
For the South Ossetian side:
For the Georgian side:
For the North Ossetian side:
With participation of the OSCE Mission:
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)
    

PROTOCOL OF THE HIGH LEVEL MEETING IN GALI on security issues, 12 May 2005
    On May 12, 2005 the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General Ms. Heidi Tagliavini convened the high level meeting on security issues at the UNOMIG office in Gali.  The Georgian delegation was led by Mr. George Khaindrava.  The Abkhaz delegation was led by Mr. Sergei Shamba.  CPKF of CIS was represented by General-Major Sergei Chaban.  The military observers of the UN were represented by General-Najor Husein Ahmed Eisa Gobashi.
    The meeting was chaired by the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General.  The participants approved the following agenda:
    1. The measures to secure implementation of the Moscow Agreement on Ceasefire and separation of forces of 1994 and the obligations relating to the security in the conflict zone;
    2. The measures to secure the common security in the conflict zone and cooperation between the sides;
    3. Miscellaneous.
    The sides agreed on the following:
    1.  Submit to the UNOMIG and the CCPKF of the CIS until May 26 the samples of IDs of the law enforcement officials and of other armed formations in the Conflict Zone and in the Restricted-weapon Zone, and the information about the number of staff;
    2. Set up the group composed of three representatives from each side for operative monitoring on the situation in the Security Zone and submit the list to the UNOMIG and the CCPKF until May 19 of this year;
    3.  Carry out operative and regular exchange of information and the lists of people committing offences in the conflict zone, particularly in Gali District in order to take necessary steps for their arrest and criminal prosecution;
    4.  Submit to the UNOMIG until 26 May the proposals on arranging additional hot lines in the conflict zone;
    5.  Cooperate closely within the frame of Joint Group on investigating the facts in order to increase the effectiveness of its work;
    6.  Consider the issue on reducing the number of staff at the armed formations of the sides at the next high level meeting, including the number of law enforcement officials in the Security Zone and in the Zone of Restricted Armament;
    7. Determine the minimum distance of 650 m between the positions of law enforcement structures of both sides from the line of separation of forces and 500 m between the position of the law enforcement structures of the sides and the check points of the CPKF of the CIS;
    8. Both sides expressed their readiness to work for improving the human rights situation in the conflict zone through existing mechanisms, as well as refraining from belligerent propaganda and rhetoric.
    9. Guarantee the security and provide the assistance to the representatives of international organizations participating in implementing the agreed projects in the conflict zone, including those financed by the European Union and carried out by the UNOMIG and UNDP.
    10. Continue discussing the concrete project on bus communication via Enguri Bridge proposed by the UNOMIG and the CPKF CIS as a humanitarian measure;
    11. Georgian side expressed its readiness to collect and submit the information to the HALO TRUST about the minefields;
    12. Determine necessity and the date of holding the next high level meeting on the security issues;
    13. The sides agreed to renew patrolling when necessary in Kodori Gorge in the nearest future.
    Both sides accepted the proposal of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General on holding the next meeting on security issues in mid-June according to the approved format.
    12 May, 2005
(Newspaper “Respublika Abkhazia”, # 53, 17-18 May 2005/in Russian)
                                                              

PROTOCOL # 43 OF THE EXTRAORDINARY MEETING OF THE CO-CHAIRS OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
30-31 May 2005
Agenda
1. On situation established in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
2. On the activity of Joint Forces for maintaining the peace in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
3. On restoration of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
4. Miscellaneous.
Resolved:
1. On situation established in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone as a result of armed incident of 29 May 2005 in the village of Tamarasheni.
(Keniakin, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kusov, Kulakhmetov, Lachkepiani).
Decided:
1.1. To take the information by the Commander of the Joint Forces on maintaining the peace and the representatives of the Sides about the incident that took the place on 29 May 2005 and about the measures carried out by the law enforcement officials of the Sides and CJKPF in this regard.
1.2. The participants of the meeting expressed their deep dismay with regard of tragic accident at the eve of JCC meeting on 29 May 2005 in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.  The incident resulted in casualties.
JCC expresses its sorrow to the families of those perished and wounded.
In view of this incident the meeting of the JCC co-chairs was held with participation of societal organizations, political parties and movements of South Ossetia.
JCC condemns the acts leading such incident caused by the breach of achieved agreements of the JCC with regard of carrying and using the weapon and of illegal check points in the conflict zone; such developments push back the process of regulation.
The Co- chairs of the Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC stated about their diverse assessments to the causes of the aforementioned incident.
The members of the JCC asked the media representatives, public and political powers, as well as the state organs for refraining from public interpretation of the incident until the investigation is completed.
JCC entrusted the law enforcement organs of the Sides with the task of maintaining operative cooperation in the process of investigation of the fact that took place on 29 May 2005 in Tamarasheni and informing the JCC and the public about the results.
2.  On the activity of Joint Forces for maintaining the peace in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and interaction of the law enforcement organs of the Sides.
Keniakin, Kusov, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kulakhmetov)
Decided:
2.1. To take as information the report by the Commander of the JF on the activity of the peacekeeping forces in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone (Annex #1).
2.2. To take decision on the activity of the JFPK and interaction of law enforcement agencies of the Sides in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone (Annex 2).
3.  On restoration of the economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone.
Kusov, Keniakin, Khaindrava, Reve, Leddel, Chochiev).
Decided:
To propose to the Intergovernmental Russian-Georgian Commission on Economic Cooperation consideration at the nearest meeting the issue related to the realization of the Agreement on cooperation in restoring the economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and return of refugees of 23 December 2003 and ask the governments of Russia and Georgia to give instruction to the relevant agencies for elaborating the program according to the Agreement and allocate the funds for its realization.
3.1. To suggest to the sides set up the expert group on elaborating proposals with regard of creating the favorable economic zones in compliance with proposals considered at the JCC meeting on 19-20 November 2004 in Vladikavkaz.
3.2 To support the initiative of the JCC Ossetian side on constructing the detour road Ergneti-Itrapisi within the frame of the program financed by the EC.
3.3. To take as information the statement by the Georgian Side on readiness of carrying out the restoring works in the conflict zone from the state budget of Georgia in amount of 700 000 GL.
3.4. To consider the information submitted by the OSCE Mission on the Concept “Need-Assessment on the territories, which suffered during the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict”.  The JCC working group on economic issues shall hold the consultation with the representatives of the OSCE and EC before 15 June 2005.
3. To endorse the positive steps in implementing of the Third Program of the economic rehabilitation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone financed by the European Commission.
4. Miscellaneous
4.1. Taking into account the importance of the JCC Bulletin in publicity of the JCC activity and of the process of Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement, to draw attention of the OSCE on the further financing of this publication.
4.2 To take into account the statement of the South Ossetian Side on necessity of revising ‘Memorandum of Understanding on the OSCE Mission in Georgia between the Personal Representative of the Acting Chairman of the OSCE and the Leadership of the South Ossetia’.
4.3. To hold the next JCC meeting on Vladikavkaz in the late June.  The exact date and agenda will be determined through the working regime.
Chairman of the meeting,
Head of the Russian par of the JCC V. Keniakin.
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 
Annex # 2 to the Protocol # 43 of the JCC meeting of 30-31 May 2005
DECESION on the activity of the JPKF in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone and on the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of the Sides.
1. The number of permanent check-points of the JPKF shall be determined in compliance with the JCC decision of 30 September – 2 October 2004 (Protocol # 38).
2. The JMC JPKF from 10 June of this year shall implement the requirements set up in the Protocol #35 of 31 July 2004 with regard of Tamarasheni.  To suggest to the law enforcement agencies of the sides moving away the posts at the village Tamarasheni.
3. The co-chairman of the JCC from the Georgian side shall provide the information to the JCC on investigation of the circumstances of the death of Ossetian serviceman of the PK battalion in accordance with the Protocol # 39 of 20 October 2004.
4. The sides together with the JMC JPKF before 15 June 2005 shall fully deploy the segment of the road of Trans-Caucasus Highway.
5. On the basis of previous agreements, the working group of the JCC shall prepare the meeting of Ministers of Interior of the sides before 15 June 2005.
6. In order to determine the origin of planes conducting flights over the zone under responsibility of the JPKF, the JMC shall organize the air observation.
6. To suggest to the Georgian and Ossetian sides speed up the decision on the issue of exchanging the persons being under criminal prosecution and of convicts in order to stabilize the situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone within the frame of implementation of Protocol # 38 of 26 September 1997.
7. To take a note about insufficient work of the sides and of the JMC JPKF in implementing certain decision previously adopted by the JCC.
For the Russian side
For the North Ossetian side
For the Georgian side
For the South Ossetian side
With participation of the OSCE
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


PROTOCOL # 44 OF THE EXTRAORDINARY MEETING OF THE CO-CHAIRS OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
22-23 June 2005
Agenda
On interaction of law enforcement structures in the conflict zone.
1. On further steps for demilitarization of the conflict zone.
2. On social-economic rehabilitation of the conflict zone.
Resolved:
1. On interaction of law enforcement structures in the conflict zone.
(Keniakin, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kusov, Meskheli, Mindadze, Rakitin, Kulakhmetov).
1.1.  To endorse the Protocol signed by the heads of law enforcement organs on the results of the meeting (Annex #1).
1.2. To take as a base the draft-Protocol proposed by the South-Ossetian side on the results of meeting of the heads of law enforcement organs of the sides participating in the regulation of Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Annex # 2) for elaborating in a month term the draft of the relevant document for signing by the heads of law enforcement organs of the JCC sides.
2. On further steps for demilitarization of the conflict zone.
(Keniakin, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kusov, Kulakhmetov)
The sides state that the situation in the conflict zone remains tensed.  Casualties of five people in the accident of 29 May, disappearance of four citizens of 6 June, the death of G. Kakhniashvili and heavy wound of military serviceman of the JPKF S. Snegurov due to the mine explosion – deteriorates the positive trends (restoration of free movement of people and goods, starting of the process of demilitarization and liquidation of fortification etc.) and seriously acerbates the situation in the conflict zone.  The population is alarmed and found in ambiguity.  The movement along the road of Tamarasheni-Kekhvi has been suspended for a long time.
Decided:
2.1. To take as information the report by the Commander of the JPKF Major-General M.M. Kulakhmetov on the situation in the Conflict Zone (Annex 3).
2.2. The sides raise before the Joint Command of the JPKF the issue on withdrawal of illegal armed formations dislocated in the conflict zone without agreement with the JCC.
2.3. The Joint Command of the JPKF shall immediately start restoring the movement along Ergneti-Kekhvi road of the Trans-Caucasus highway maintaining the security through the joint patrolling and convoying the vehicles in this segment by the peacekeeping forces.
CJPKF, in close cooperation with the law enforcement officials of the conflicting sides and in accordance to the relevant mandate shall take all necessary measures for preventing future acts aimed at blocking the transport communication in the conflict zone.
In accordance with agreements achieved previously the Sides agreed to continue working for demilitarization of the conflict zone and liquidation of fortification works.
2.4. To entrust the CJPKF with the task of destroying the explosive items found during the search.
2.5. The Joint Command shall put forward for a decoration the senior Sergeant S.V. Snegurov for his heroic act, courage and self-sacrifice.
3.  on social-economic rehabilitation of the conflict zone.
(Keniakin, Khaindrava, Chochiev, Kusov, Vantom, Nikolaev).
In the course of provisions of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Georgia on cooperation for restoring the economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and return of refugees of 23 December 2000:
3.1.  To endorse the proposals of the OSCE on the Concept for need assessment for rehabilitation of infrastructure and development of the economy in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone  with a due account of  amendments agreed by the working group on economic issues (Annex # 4).
3.2. To propose to the OSCE and the European Commission start considering the issue on attracting the donors’ funds for the realization of projects on the basis of need assessment.
3.3. Georgian and South Ossetian sides shall provide secured environment for the works carried out by the UNDP in the conflict zone within the frame of the Third Rehabilitation Program of the EC.
3.4. The Joint Command, together with the heads of administration and the law enforcement agencies of the corresponding districts shall elaborate and realize the measures on securing the security of the rehabilitating works.
3.5. To propose to the UNDP restore the works within the frame of the Third Rehabilitation Program of the EC.
3.6. To agree the issue on realization of renovating works at the expense of the state budget of Georgia for rehabilitation of the melioration system, bridges and other objects in the conflict zone.
Chairman of the meeting,
Head of the Russian part of the JCC V. Keniakin.
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


Annex # 1 to the JCC Protocol of 22-23 June 2005
PROTOCOL on the results of the meeting of the heads of law enforcement organs of the sides.
Proceeding from the interests of the peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, security f all citizens residing in the conflict zone, the Sides agreed on necessity of carrying out the search and investigative measures on the incidents acerbating the situation lately:
- on the death of military serviceman of the JPKF battalion on 12 October 2004;
- on missing without trace of a dweller of the village Kekhvi L. Kakhniashvili;
- on tragic incident of 29 May 2005;
- On missing Georgian person on 6 June 2005.
To this end set up the operative-searching group before 25 June composed of representatives of the law enforcement agencies of the Sides.
The investigative measures will be recognized by the Sides as the reflection of the good will and aspiration to the peace development.
The Sides commit themselves to give the wide transparency to the results of investigation that will encourage the development of mutual trust and application of joint effort aimed at preventing and suspending the offensive acts in a future.
 For the Georgia side
For the Ossetian side
With participation:
For the Russian side
For the North Ossetian side
For the OSCE
(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)


RESOLUTION ONTHE SITUATION IN ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA
1. Reaffirming the commitment of all member states to the principles of sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the state of Georgia in strict conformity with these principles,    
2. Recalling the resolutions of the UNSC, OSCE and its Parliamentary Assembly on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, 3. Welcoming the renewal of the regular meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends and the United Nations in Geneva, 4. Deeply regretting the lack of progress on peaceful settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia,
5. Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia is unacceptable,
6. Recalling the international obligation of the Russian Federation to facilitate and ensure dialogue between conflicting parties,
7. Expressing deep concern about the lack of progress in the work of the Ad hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia as there has not been made any step forward during the last four years,
8. Regretting also the lack of political willingness from the Abkhaz side to meet representatives of the Ad Hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia which hinders the Committee from carrying out its mandate to promote dialogue;
9. Calling on the support of the Russian Delegation to the OSCE PA, as the representatives of the country that bears international obligation of mediator in the conflict, in facilitating the implementation of the mandate of the Ad Hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia;
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
10. Urges all parties involved to do their utmost to find solutions to the unresolved conflicts in Georgia;
11. Calls upon the Russian Federation to refrain from any actions impeding the peace process in Abkhazia, Georgia;
12. Continues to support the work of the OSCE PA Ad hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia and calls for an intensifying of its work;
13. Appeals to the Standing Committee to support the work of the Ad hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia through changing of its mandate and composition;
14. Directs the OSCE Parliamentary Ad hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia to:
a. strengthen its efforts to engage parties in a meaningful dialogue leading to the substantial progress on key issues of conflict resolution such as political status, comprehensive security guarantees, unconditional and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons and economic issues;
b. establish a dialogue with and promote exchanges between the representatives of the legislative bodies, institutions, political parties, communities and NGOs;
c. pay regular visits to the region with the particular emphasis on assessment and reporting on the situation with the spontaneously returned refugees/IDPs and Human Rights violation in the region, especially in Gali district;
d. facilitate the implementation of the concrete educational projects of the OSCE HCNM in the region, in particular in Gali district;
e. work out and adopt the 2005/2006 action plan, which should include the concrete steps of the Ad hoc Committee on Abkhazia, Georgia aimed at facilitation of the conflict resolution process through fulfilling the tasks stated in subparagraphs a-f;
f. report to the Standing Committee (or bureau/plenary sessions) on a regular basis on its activities, the progress in the implementation of the action plan and the current situation in Abkhazia, Georgia and submit the relevant recommendations to the OSCE PA;
15. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced
persons, and calls on the Abkhaz side to display a genuine commitment to make returnees the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law;
16. In this regard recalls that the Russian peacekeepers and the Abkhaz side bear a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population;
17. Firmly support and actively facilitate the implementation of the UN and the OSCE decisions on the establishment of the UN/OSCE Human rights Office branch in Gali district.
1-5 July 2005
(www.osce.org)


RESOLUTION 1615 (2005) ADOPTED UN SECURITY COUNCIL , on 29 July 2005
The Security Council,
Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1582 of 28 January 2005 (S/RES/1582),
Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 14 July 2005,
Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,
Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
Deploring that the perpetrators of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of nine people on board, have still not been identified,
Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,
Welcoming, however, the positive momentum given to the United Nations-led peace process by regular high-level meetings of the Group of Friends in Geneva and the Georgian-Russian summit meetings,
Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,
1.      Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence   and   territorial   integrity   of   Georgia   within   its   internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;
2.       Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General   and  his   Special   Representative,   with   the   assistance   of  the   Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;
3.      Reiterates its strong support for the document on "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;
4.      Deeply regrets the continued refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;
5.      Regrets also the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;
6.       Calls on both sides to participate in constructive negotiations towards a political settlement of the conflict and to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust and underlines that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;
7.       Welcomes the commitment by the Georgian side to a peaceful resolution of the conflict and calls on both parties further to publicly dissociate themselves from all militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options;
8.      Reminds all concerned to refrain from any action that might impede the peace process;
9.       Welcomes the convening of regular meetings of senior representatives of the Group of Friends and the United Nations in Geneva as well as the participation of both sides in the last meeting on 7 and 8 April 2005 and the commitments expressed by the parties during this meeting and strongly urges both sides to continue to participate constructively in future meetings;
10.     Urges the parties to participate in a more active, regular and structured manner in the task forces established in the first Geneva meeting (to address issues in the priority areas of economic cooperation, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, and political and security matters) and complemented by the working groups established in Sochi in March 2003, and reiterates that results oriented activities in these three priority areas remain key to building common ground between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides and ultimately for concluding meaningful negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement based on the paper entitled "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" and its transmittal letter;
11.    Regrets the cancellation of the meeting on security guarantees planned for July 2005 and expects that such a meeting with the full participation of both sides will be held as soon as possible;
12.    Welcomes the signing on 12 May 2005 of a Protocol with measures to strengthen the implementation of the Moscow agreement on ceasefire and separation offerees of 1994;
13.     Calls again on the parties to take concrete steps to revitalize the peace process in all its major aspects, including their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242) and to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, with a view   to   holding   a   fourth   conference   on   confidence-building   measures,   and welcomes the intention expressed by Germany to host such a meeting on economic cooperation and confidence-building measures pending progress in the conflict resolution process;
14.    Welcomes  the  positive  developments   towards   the  reopening   of the railways between Sochi and Tbilisi and towards the return of refugees and internally displaced persons;
15.    Notes that contacts at the level of civil society can reinforce mutual confidence and calls on both sides to facilitate such contacts;
16.    Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG and consultations with UNHCR and the Group of Friends;
17.     Calls for the rapid finalization and signature of the letter of intent on returns  proposed by  the  Special  Representative  of the  Secretary-General  and welcomes the meetings with the participation of the SRSG and UNHCR of the Sochi working group on refugees and internally displaced persons;
18.    Reaffirms the unacceplability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable rights of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict, and stresses that they have the right to return to their homes  in  secure and dignified conditions,  in accordance  with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/l994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration;
19.    Recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population;
20.     Welcomes the continuing activities of UNDP in the Gali, Ochamchira and Tkvarcheli districts and the opening of offices by UNDP in Sukhumi and Gali;
21.     Urges the parties once again to implement the recommendations of the Joint Assessment Mission to the Gali sector (November 2000), regrets that there has been no progress to that effect despite the positive consideration by the parties given to those recommendations in the first Geneva meeting and calls again upon the Abkhaz side to agree to the opening as soon as possible of the Gali branch of the human  rights   office   in   Sukhumi   and   to   provide   security   conditions   for  its unhindered functioning;
22.    Reiterates its concern that despite the start of the deployment of a civilian police component as part of UNOMIG, as endorsed in resolution 1494 (2003) and agreed by the parties, the deployment of the remaining officers in the Gali sector is still outstanding and calls on the Abkhaz side to allow for a swift deployment of the police component in that region;
23.     Calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement protection of the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;
24.     Welcomes the measures taken by the Georgian side to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups and encourages the maintenance of these efforts;
25.     Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);
26.    Welcomes   the   continuing   relative   calm   in   the   Kodori   valley   and condemns the continuing criminal activities, including killings and abductions of civilians, in the Gali and Zugdidi districts;
27.     Urges the parties to abide by the provisions of the protocols on security issues in the Gali district signed on 19 January 2004 and 8 October 2003, to continue their regular meetings and to cooperate more closely with each other to improve security in the Gali sector, and takes note of the resumption of Abkhaz participation in the Quadripartite meetings and the Joint Fact Finding Group;
28.    Reiterates  its  call  on  the  Georgian  side  to  provide  comprehensive security guarantees to allow for independent and regular monitoring of the situation in the upper Kodori valley by joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols;
29.     Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel and calls upon both sides to fulfil their obligations in this regard;
30.    Strongly condemns in that respect the repeated abductions of personnel of those missions in the past, deeply deplores that none of the perpetrators have ever been identified or brought to justice, reiterates that it is the responsibility of the parties to end this impunity and calls upon them to take action;
31.    Also calls upon the parties, once again, to take all necessary steps, to identify those responsible for the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, to bring them to justice, and to inform the SRSG of the steps taken in particular in the criminal investigation;
32.     Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNOMIG to implement the Secretary-General's zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of conduct, requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take   appropriate   preventive   action   including   the   conduct   of  predeployment awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
33.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2006; subject to a review as appropriate of its mandate by the Council in the event of changes in the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force;
34.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;
35.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


RESOLUTION Of the Parliament of Georgia Regarding the Current Situation in the Conflict
Regions On the Territory of Georgia and Ongoing Peace Operations
The Parliament of Georgia condemns the recent developments in the conflict regions existing on the territory of Georgia (Abkhazia, and the former South Ossetian Autonomous District).
Every effort of the Georgian side, as well as of the international community to intensify the process of conflict regulation through internationally recognized democratic norms and principles has to date reached no tangible result.  Moreover, the de facto Governments in the above-mentioned regions continue to pursue a policy of open confrontation, disregard for the principles of international law and establishment of criminal regimes, instead of pursuing a course of constructive cooperation.
Clannish dictatorships have been established on the territories of Abkhazia and the former South Ossetian Autonomous District aimed at strengthening the personal power and obtaining illicit income.
Only under the stewardship of clannish and criminal governments in these regions it is possible to witness frequent kidnapping of citizens - including children; killings; unmitigated criminal gang activity, raids and robbery of the civilian population; creation and backing of terrorist and subversive groups  together with Russian special services,  currency counterfeiting; drug transit; trafficking of arms and people; smuggling; appropriating of refugee assets; denial of the right of instruction to citizens in their native language; and denial of their right to return to their dwellings.  This is incomplete list of the outcomes that continue to result from the activity of these regimes.
Furthermore, the separatist regimes continue to attempt to legitimize the results of ethnic cleansing, mentioned in Budapest, Lisbon and Stambul summits of OSCE  - the latest illustration of which is the total appropriation of homes from the forcibly exiled Georgian population.
It is clear that the aforementioned actions have nothing in common with the protection of the ethnic rights of the population residing today on the territories of Abkhazia and the former South Ossetian Autonomous District. The criminal dictatorship currently in place pose a threat to everyone, including those they allegedly try to protect.  One demonstration of the aforementioned is the repressive policy of the separatist governments against those Abkhaz and Ossetian citizens who have tried to move towards public diplomacy and confidence-building; among the punished and arrested there are underage children whose only “guilt” is to have met with their Georgian coequals.  
Due to the on-going information vacuum, repressions and anti-Georgian propaganda, the local population of both regions has no possibility to realize and assess information regarding the peace initiatives currently proposed by the central government of Georgia.
The fundamental rights and freedoms on the territory of Abkhazia and of the former South Ossetian Autonomous District are violated not only against internally displaced persons, but also against the remaining population.  The separatist governments, manipulating issues of ethnic origin, attempt to monopolize the process of conflict regulation on behalf of their own clan-based interests, and against the fundamental interests of their population.
The question then arises – through what or whose support do separatist regimes manage to ignore the position of authoritative international organizations and violate all basic norms of international law?
Regretfully the answer to this question unambiguously indicates the role of Russian Federation in inspiring and maintaining these conflicts, the exact country which is an official facilitator for conflict settlement.
Russia is a member of the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General working on the issues of Abkhazia, Georgia, as well as an executor of the peace Mission in Abkhazia under the auspices of the CIS, the Head of Quadripartite Monitoring Commission in the former Autonomous District of South Ossetia, a head of the peace mission and a participant of all agreements with respect to the conflict.  These functions establish certain obligations and responsibilities on the Russian Federation before the international community.
Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the Russian Federation does nothing to promote the process of conflict settlement on the territory of Georgia, in fact the current situation is quite the contrary.  A wide range of steps made by Russia currently strengthens the separatist regimes and de facto annexation of a part of Georgia’s territory.   Example include:
 - The central government of Russia, despite of numerous protests from the Government of Georgia and an explicitly negative position of international organizations, continues to grant Russian citizenship en masse to the population remaining in the conflict zone via simplified administrative procedures, in violation of all international norms.
- Similarly, despite several protests from the Government of Georgia and the explicitly negative position of international organizations, the central government of Russia, under a unilateral decision, introduced a avisa regime in the conflict zones that differs from the rest of Georgia that in essence establishes visa-free movement.
- In violation of the principles of international law, as well as agreements in force within the CIS framework and Georgian legislation, citizens of Russia are being appointed to high-level positions (i.e. Prime-Minister, Ministers of Defense and Law Enforcement, commanders of military units etc.) in Tskhinvali and Sukhumi – individuals who simultaneously continue work in law enforcement and the Special Services of the Russian Federation.
- Without advising or negotiating with the Georgian government, various delegations of the Russian Federation, including federal delegations, frequently visit Sukhumi and Tskhinvali, concluding agreements and treaties and launching projects of political importance (e.g. Moscow-Sukhumi railway).
A military parade dedicated to the celebration of so-called, “Independence Day” on 20 September in Tskhinvali has become a fact of special indignation where separatists demonstrated a very large amount of military equipment.  The presence of this equipment is in violation of both the Sochi Agreement of 14 June of 1992 and of the Document on Demilitarization signed in Sochi in 2004 where Russia played a role of guarantor.  The parade  displayed barefaced impudence not only against the Georgian Government, but also the international organizations involved in conflict settlement and demilitarization processes in the region.
The Parliament of Georgia insists on receiving answer to these questions – where and how did numerous pieces of new Russian heavy military equipment appear on the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous District, the entire administrative perimeter of which borders only Georgia and the Russian Federation?  Obviously, not from the Georgian side.  This equipment, as well as the frequent military drills, are a visible part of the hidden armament process carried out by the Russian Federation in the conflict regions of Georgia.  This process is so evident that it is often covered by Russian TV channels.   The parade in Tskhinvali once again demonstrated the reason why the Russian Government opposes the demand of the Georgian Government for the international community to maintain control over the Roki Tunnel connecting the Russian Federation with the Tskhinvali Region.   By the events, it has once again been proved that the Russian peace-keeping forces dislocated in the region, by their format and ideology, do not serve the purpose of conflict resolution and demilitarization of the region.
Similar examples and other open political or military support enable the separatist governments to ignore the positions of the international community and continue to blockade the peace process.  It is clear that the Russian Federation does not posses the political will to promote the process of conflict settlement on the territory of Georgia.
Accordingly, the Parliament of Georgia declares:
An end should be put to the existence of stains on the face of democracy and violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms on the territory of Georgia; an end should be put to the existence of criminal enclaves and dictatorial regimes on the territory of Georgia.
The Parliament of Georgia deems it necessary to reach rapid progress in the process of peaceful political settlement of the conflicts existing on the territory of Georgia.
The Parliament of Georgia reaffirms that the entire spectrum of rights and freedoms for every indigenous Abkhazian and Ossetian citizen will be secured and the necessary conditions for the protection of their identity and development will be provided within a united Georgia.
The Parliament of Georgia still hopes that the government of the Russian Federation will be able to overcome the legacy of imperialistic political stereotypes and play a real and active role in peaceful settlement of conflicts, thus proving that the Russian Federation has the will to be a worthy partner of the democratic community.
Proceeding from the aforementioned, the Parliament of Georgia resolves:
1. To assess the activity and fulfillment of the obligations within the current mandate of the peace-keeping forces dislocated in Abkhazia and the former South Ossetian Autonomous District, as extremely negative.
2. To entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of intensifying negotiations with the Russian Federation, international organizations and interested sides on the issues regarding the fulfillment of obligations undertaken by peace-keeping forces on the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous District and report to the Parliament on the current situation by 10 February 2006.
3. To entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of intensifying negotiations with the Russian Federation, international organizations and interested sides on issues regarding the fulfillment of obligations undertaken by peace-keeping forces on the territory of Abkhazia and report to the Parliament on the current situation by 1 July 2006.
4. The Parliament of Georgia, in the event that the processes provided for in Paragraph 2 are negatively assessed and no progress is witnessed, shall demand cessation of the peace-keeping operation on the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous District, as well as denunciation of the relevant international agreements and abolition of the existing structures starting from 15 February 2006.
5. The Parliament of Georgia, in the event that the processes provided for in Paragraph 2 are negatively assessed and no progress is witnessed, shall demand cessation of the peace-keeping operation on the territory of Abkhazia, as well as denunciation of the relevant international agreements and abolition of the existing structures starting from 15 July 2006.
6. To entrust the Government of Georgia, in the event of enactment of Paragraphs 4 and/or 5 of this Resolution, with the task of undertaking appropriate measures for the rapid withdrawal of the Russian peace-keeping forces acting within their relevant mandate from the territory of Georgia, as well as cooperation with every corresponding structure in order to ensure peace and stability in the conflict zones.
7. To entrust the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia with the task of providing  adequate information on the Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia to international organizations and interested States, intensifying work aimed at seeking support for the peace initiatives of Georgia and launching new peace operations.
8. To entrust the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the office of the Prosecutor General of Georgia with the task of undertaking legal inititives against foreign citizens illegally staying on the territory  of Georgia and hold political, administrative or other positions in the de facto government of Abkhazia and former South Ossetian Autonomous District.
9. To entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of submitting a detailed road map for realization of the Tskhinvali peace plan initiated by the President of Georgia with due regard to the political, security, economic, social, legal, educational, cultural and other aspects by 1 December 2005.
10. To entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of submitting a similar detailed road map for realization of the Abkhazia peace plan by 1 may 2006.
11. The Parliament of Georgia shall start consultations with international organizations, interested States, members of civil society in Abkhazia and the former South Ossetian Autonomous District and international experts in order to elaborate and adopt relevant amendments to the Constitution, as well as other legal acts, including a law on restitution.
Parliament of Georgia
Chairperson    Nino Burjanadze
Tbilisi, October 11, 2005
(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)


THE GEORGIAN-SOUTH OSSETIAN PEACE PLAN, DEVELOPED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA

2005
Goals & Objectives: Engage conflict parties in new format to promote conflict resolution process; To outline strategy among parties in the conflict and
partners in support of conflict settlement process; Work towards significant progress at Ljubljana ministerial.
Date
International actions
Operational activities
Negotiated actions
Georgian unilateral actions
Oct
1. Partners –Georgian consultations on strategy for South Ossetia.
2. Partners make
public statement in
support of President
Saakashvili's speech and peace- plan.
3. Partners support
Georgian intervention at
OSCE high- level  meeting.

1. In address to the country, President Saakashvili identifies sibgle official with responsibility for coordination of South Ossetia polisy and leadership of interagency coordination mechanism, pledges no use of force.
2. Coordinator convenes interagency group to agree on
Georgian strategy for South Ossetia.
3. Enhance discussions in JCC on law and order issues and CBMs. i. e. transport, activating SCC etc.
4. At OSCE high- level meeting in Vienna, explain Georgian strategy.

1. Promote strengthening of basic law/ order in South Ossetia in JCC format. Confirm no further deployment of armed forces without JCC agreement. Make concrete proposal in JCC for
resumption of work of Special Coordination Center (SCC)
2. Discuss in JCC the increase of Georgian peacekeeping battalion to minimum number necessary for peacekeeping operations.
3. In JCC, propose plan for regularizing Gori-Tskhinvali- Kekhvi public transport connection.
4. In cooperation with JCC, begin discussions on bilateral policing.

1. In address to the country, Saakashvili identifies single official with responsibility for coordination of  South Ossetia policy and leadership of interagency
coordination mechanism, pledges no use of force, and invites South Ossetia to engage in peaceful
process.
2. Georgia moves forward to regularize meetings of
“Intergovernmental Coordinating Group” (ICG)
3. PM and other officials begin meeting with Russian reps. in Tbilisi and counterparts in Moscow;
4. PM, Parliament and MFA begin contacts with OSCE/ EU member states and CoE (end of Oct)





2005

Date

International
actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Nov


1. Partners agree on cooperative approach.
2. Georgia, Partners engage EU to brief on
Georgian strategy
3. Urge South Ossetia for Kokoity-Coordinator meeti ng.

1. Georgia demarches EU, Russia, others to outline strategy, requests support.
2. Georgia seeks meeting with the Coordinator
and South Ossetian "president" Kokoity
3. Coordinator- Kokoity meeting: introductory,
outline strategy, propose sustained dialogue outside of JCC, establishment of direct crisis hotline.
4. Advance proposals to organize meetings in
addition to JCC format on CBMs - i. e. joint health, education, culture programs, etc.


1. State Minister (SM) organizes
meeting of coordinator- Kokoity
2. Meetings proposing CBMs
managed by SM

1. Move forward with restitution law.
2. Intensify cooperation with OSCE and EC for needs assessment program on regular basis and introduce Georgian proposal to co- fund some
projects based on outcome of needs assessment.
3. PM and/ or NSA and other officials continue meetings with Russian reps. in Tbilisi and counterparts in Moscow; PM, NSA, MFA and SMEI begin contacts with OSCE/ EU member states
4. Begin the rehabilitation of basic infrastructure of conflict zone villages and provision of supplies for winter (intended as a signal of good will to
Ossetian villages, which will be offered the same.)




2005

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Nov


1. Partners continue to urge parties for cooperation with
Georgian initiatives.
2. Partners continue
supporting Georgian
intervention at OSCE high- level meeting.


1. Organize series of “Bridges of Peace”, talk-shows and interactive open discussions on
Ossetian issues on Georgian public TV/ radio, with participation of Ossetian officials and public.
2. Continue intervention at OSCE high- level
meeting in Vienna.
3. Discussion on political settlement resumes,
based on Baden package [adopted Vienna 2000]


1. In JCC, establish resumption of work of SCC. Complete ptimization of stationary police checkpoints. Make concrete
proposals for joint policing activities.

1. Continue progress on restitution law, including discussions with North Ossetian side.
2. Continuation of meetings on
cooperation with OSCE- led needs assessment.



2005

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Nov- Dec


1. Partners express public
support for restitution law and
full- scale settlement of the
conflict.


1. Continue meetings on cooperation and CBMs; Special
focus on provisions of Strasbourg initiatives: official language, representation in Parliament, Government and Judiciary.
2. In OSCE high level meetings and capitals, highlight law on restitution, repeat appeals for support of peace process.


1. Continue discussions on joint
policing; begin to operationalize ideas.
2. In coordination with JCC, strengthen Georgian JPKF to agreed number.
3. Coordinator- Kokoity meeting.


1. Adopt law on restitution. Public roll- out, including invitation to South Ossetians to direct dialogue on implementation and invitation to South Ossetians to return.
2. Continue cooperation with OSCE- led needs assessment.
3. Continue assistance to villages in conflict zone with basic infrastructure, medical service
(ambulance) and winter supplies.






2005

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated  actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Dec


1. Partners support Georgia at Ljubljana ministerial.
2. Partners support status talks in new framework


1. Ljubljana meeting. Seek positive statement on
outcome as stand- alone declaration of OSCE ministerial.
2. Propose 2006 date for first meeting of South Ossetia status talks in new framework. Seek pledges of international assistance for implementation of projects identified in needs assessment.
3. Continue GoG outreach to improve social
conditions of residents of South Ossetia
4. Post- Ljubljana Coordinator- Kokoity meeting.



1. Begin implementation of projects discussed through dialogue on cooperation and CBMs.
2. Conclusion of OSCE- led needs assessment.


1. Conduct evaluation for potential pension distribution system. Georgia allocates funds in budget for pensions.
2. Encourage and coordinate direct contacts between Georgian Government institutions and
line ministries with their counterparts in South Ossetia.
3. Encourage greater NGO contacts.



2006
Goals & Objectives: Further advance process of full- scale political settlement and civil integration of the region into Georgian state;
Ensure rule of law, democratic development and economic revival of the region
Date
International actions
Operational activities
Negotiated actions
Georgian unilateral actions

Jan-Feb


1. Partners provide
expert assistance on
free trade zones.
2. Partners make a
statement in support of  Joint  Rehabilitation Fund


1. Approach partners for support for work identified in OSCE needs assessment; request support at OSCE PC.
2. First round of South Ossetia talks in
new framework.
3. Coordinator- Kokoity meetings
concerning new framework.
4. Propose informal meetings of Georgian and South Ossetian NGOs and policy makers.
5. Enhance scope of CBMs conducted
outside JCC format.


1. In JCC, continue discussions of joint policing/ law enforcement.
2. Continue development and implementation of CBMs (e. g. joint
reopening of regulated Ergneti market
based on joint control of Roki tunnel).
3. Begin direct dialogue with South Ossetia on implementation of restitution law and returns.
4. Discuss possibility of Georgian co-
funding of projects identified by OSCE needs assessment.
5. Ensure demilitarization process
starting from conflict zone with further spreading throughout entire region.
6. Establishment of Joint Rehabilitation Fund offices in Tbilisi
and Tskhinvali.


1. Propose informal meetings of Georgian and
South Ossetian NGOs and policy makers.
2. Engage international organizations i. e. EU,
UNHCR, OSCE to assist with the
implementation of restitution law.
3. Request US assistance on creation free
trade zone contingent upon enhanced border
control (Roki tunnel) and progress in political
settlement.
4. Enhance contacts between Georgian
Government institutions and line ministries
with their counterparts in South Ossetia on
specific initiatives.
5. Create a Joint Geo- Ossetian Rehabilitation
Fund with (EU, RUS, US) donors support.


                                                                 


2006

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Feb-Mar


1. Partners support
South Ossetia economic, social and
infrastructure
reconstruction projects.


1. Host an assistance
caucus for projects
identified by OSCE
needs assessment.


1. Continue development and implementation of CBMs (e. g. discussions on creation of special trade zone).
2. Through JCC, strengthen joint policing/ law
enforcement and introduce joint police training.
3. Continue direct dialogue on implementation of restitution and returns.
4. In cooperation with OSCE and donors, begin to move forward with projects identified by needs assessment.
5. Reach agreement on restitution/ returns and timetable.
6. In JCC, propose extension of joint policing/ law enforcement to monitoring of Roki tunnel.


1. Start registration of pensioners of the region.
2. Continue implementation of restitution law in coordination with North Ossetian authorities and respective international organizations.
3. Regularize contacts between Georgian
Government institutions and line ministries and NGOs with their counterparts in South Ossetia on specific initiatives.
4. Propose a meeting between the representatives of Georgian and South Ossetian legislative branches.
5. Continuation of targeted small- scale assistance to conflict zone villages based on need and interest.













2006

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Apr-Jun


1. Partners continue
diplomatic dialogue in
support of peace process.
2. Partners provide
funding for implementation of OSCE needs assessment and other projects.


1. Continue South Ossetia talks at one/ two month intervals, expert- level subgroups negotiate details more frequently, consultations with Venice Commission. Work toward draft agreement on South Ossetia's status.
2. Continue highlighting in Presidential speeches and in international arena commitment to peaceful process.
3. Continue intense diplomatic contacts with
Russia, U. S., EU, and OSCE CiO (Belgium) for support.
4. Expand joint bilateral police training and
policing in the region.


1. Continue implementation of
projects identified by needs
assessment.
2. Continue to work through JCC to reduce to minimum risks of provocation. Establish joint commission to begin investigation of most severe crimes committed during 1991-92 conflict.
3. Begin restitution and return of refugees/ IDPs according to agreed timetable.


1. Continue highlighting in Presidential
speeches and in international arena
commitment to peaceful process.
2. Strengthen contacts between Georgian
Government institutions and line ministries and NGOs with their counterparts in South Ossetia on specific initiatives.
3. Continue informal meetings of Georgian and South Ossetian NGOs and policy makers.
4. First disbursement of pensions.









                                                                                                     2006

Date

International actions

Operational activities

Negotiated actions

Georgian unilateral actions

Jul- Sep


1. Brussels conference:
Partners continue
diplomatic support

1. Conference before/ after OSCE ministerial in Brussels to conclude agreement.


1. Begin dialogue on transformation of JCC into joint body for implementation of the agreement on South Ossetia's status.


1. Reinforce cultural and ethnic heritage of
South Ossetia through various
celebrations, public holidays etc.
2. Establish Georgian passport distribution
office in the region.
3. Provide incentives for businesses to
invest in the region.



8 November 2005
(www.uno.org. Archive of Parliament of Georgia)


SENATE RESOLUTION 344 Expressing Support for the Government of Georgia’s South Ossetian Peace Plan and the Successful and Peaceful Reintegration of the Region into Georgia
December 21, 2005
Whereas during December 1991, Georgia was internationally recognized as an independent and sovereign country following the formal dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
Whereas the United States supports the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and ongoing democratic reform process in Georgia;
Whereas the United States reaffirms its support for the peaceful resolution of the conflict in Adjara and the restoration of democracy and political stability in that region of Georgia;
Whereas as a result of a conflict from 1991 to 1992, a separatist regime has enforced its rule in the Georgia territory of South Ossetia, impoverishing the people living in South Ossetia, militarizing the area, allowing organized crime to flourish, and posing a threat to the peace and security in the region;
Whereas the Government of Georgia has announced a peace plan to reach a full political settlement to the South Ossetian conflict;
Whereas the Government of Georgia has acknowledged that mistakes were made in its past efforts in dealing with the region of South Ossetia;
Whereas at the 59th meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili outlined specific components of a peace initiative that includes demilitarization, confidence building measures, and economic, social, cultural, and political steps to protect the South Ossetian people and their rights while reintegrating the region, with significant autonomy, into Georgia;
Whereas President Saakashvili reaffirmed the main principles of the peace agreement at the Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe in January, 2005, held in Strasbourg, France;
Whereas a formal comprehensive peace proposal based on the Strasbourg principles was formally proposed on October 27, 2005, at the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe; and
Whereas on December 6, 2005, at their 13th Ministerial Council Meeting in Ljubljana, Slovenia, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe endorsed the Government of Georgia’s peace plan, stating, ”We welcome the steps taken by the Georgian side to address the peaceful resolution of the conflict and believe that the recent proposals, in particular the Peace Plan built upon the initiatives of the President of Georgia presented at the 59th United Nations General Assembly and supported by the sides, will serve as a basis for the peaceful settlement of the conflict”: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate –
(1) commends the Government of Georgia for its vision and determination in its efforts to resolve peacefully the conflict in South Ossetia;
(2) supports the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of the democratic Government of Georgia;
(3) urges all Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe participating States to respect fully the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity of Georgia, refraining from any acts constituting a threat of or use of force, direct or indirect, and abiding by the principle of the inviolability of frontiers;
(4) expresses its support for the Government of Georgia’s plan to control peacefully and reestablish authority in the region of South Ossetia, viewing it as an opportunity to restore the territorial integrity of the country and to protect the individual rights and democratic liberties of those living in South Ossetia;
            (5) urges the United States to increase its efforts in support of the peaceful reincorporation of South Ossetia to Georgia, including efforts to support the greater involvement of the international community, including the Russian Federation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, and international organizations in the peaceful settlement of the South Ossetian conflict;
(6) supports the ongoing democratic transformation in Georgia and will continue to monitor closely the peace process in South Ossetia, including the implementation by all sides of their obligations under the peace plan if it is accepted.
(www.mfa.gov.ge)


RESOLUTION 1656 (2006) ADOPTED BY THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL
31 January 2006
The Security Council,
Recalling its relevant resolutions on the issue and in particular resolution 1615 (2005) of 29 July 2005,
Taking note of the scheduled meeting of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General on Georgia in Geneva on 2 and 3 February 2006,
1. Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 31 March 2006;
2. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
(www.un.org/docs)


RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the Current Situation in the Former Autonomous District of South Ossetia and Ongoing Peace Process
In accordance with paragraph 2 of the resolution No 1927-II s of the Parliament of Georgia on the "Current Situation in the Conflict Regions on the Territory of Georgia and Ongoing Peace Operations”, adopted on 11 October 2005, the Parliament of Georgia heard the report of the Government of Georgia on the current situation in the former Autonomous District of South Ossetia and fulfillment of commitments undertaken by the Peace-keeping forces dislocated there.
 Proceeding from the aforementioned report, the Parliament of Georgia resolves:
1. To assess the activity and fulfillment of the obligations within the current mandate of the peace-keeping forces dislocated in the former Autonomous District of South Ossetia as extremely negative, and actions of the Russian Federation as permanent efforts aimed at annexation of this region of Georgia.
2. To entrust the government of Georgia with the task of enforcing the provisions laid down in paragraphs 4 and 6  of  the resolution # 1927-IIs of the Parliament of Georgia on the "Current Situation in the Conflict Regions on the Territory of Georgia and Ongoing Peace Operations” adopted on 11 October 2005, including the Sochi Agreement of 24 June 1992, and also to take steps aimed at  replacing the peace-keeping forces of the Russian Federation dislocated in the Former Autonomous District of South Ossetia with an effective international peace-keeping operation.
3. In order to avoid further inspired destabilization of the situation on the territory of former Autonomous District of South Ossetia, to put an end to the massive violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms and to start a genuine peace process, to entrust the government of Georgia with the task of intensifying the work with international organizations and partner States aimed at working out a new format for peace process.
4. In order to secure a comprehensive, peaceful and political settlement of the conflict on the territory of former Autonomous District of South Ossetia, to entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of intensifying the work with international organizations and partner States aimed at full implementation of peace plan endorsed by the Foreign Ministers of the OSCE member states.
5. To entrust the Government of Georgia with the task of providing the existing documents to international organizations, the Russian Federation and the partner states with regard on the current situation in the former Autonomous District of South Ossetia and the failure of the peace-keeping forces to fulfill their commitments.
Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia  Nino Burjanadze
Tbilisi, 15 February 2006
(www.parliament.ge)










































CONTENT


1989
1. Decree # 343 issued by the Council of  Ministers of the Georgian SSR. 14 May 1989.
2. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of  the Abkhaz ASSR on substantive exacerbation of the inter ethnic relations in the Abkhaz ASSR on account of unlawful attempt to establish Sukhumi branch of Tbilisi State University. 15 July 1989.
3. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the USSR on events in the Abkhaz ASSR. 17 July 1989.
4. Decree issued by  the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia,  Presidium of the Supreme  Council of the Georgian SSR and the Council of Ministers of The Georgian SSR on the State Programme of the Georgian Language. 15 August 1989.
5. The State Programme of the Georgian Language.15 August 1989.
6. Decree issued by the South Ossetian Oblast Committeee of the Communist Party of Georgia and Ispolcom of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies on State Programme for Development of the Ossetian Language. 4 September 1989.
7. State programme for development of the Ossetian language. 4 September 1989.
8. Decesion of the 11th Session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the 20thconvocation on the information of the first Deputy Chairman of the South Ossetian Oblispolcom Comr. Sanakoev M.G., the chairman of the working group on summarizing the amendments, changes, proposals and remarks to be included in the laws of the Georgian SSR, the Constitution of the Georgian SSR and the  law of the Georgian SSR on election of the People’s Deputies of the Georgian SSR and the People’s Deputies of the local councils of the Georgian SSR. 26 September 1989.
9. Decree issued by the Oblast Committee of Abkhazia, Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR and the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz on the State Programme for Development of the Abkhaz language. 10 October 1989.
10. State programme on Development of the Abkhaz Language. 10 October 1989.
11. Decree # 515 issued by the Council of Ministers of The Georgian SSR on Joint Appeal of A. Gorky Abkhaz State University and the Sukhumi Branch of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. 20 October 1989.
12. Decision  taken by the 12th Extraordinary Session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation on raising the status of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. 10 November 1989.
13. Decision  taken by the 12th extraordinary Session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation on changes to Paragraph 1 of the Decision of 11th Session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation of 26 September 1989 “on State Programme for Development of the Ossetian language”. 10 November 1989.
14. Decree issued by  the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on the Decisions made at the 12th Extraordinary Session of the Council of People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation of the  Autonomous Oblast of the South Ossetia. 16 November 1989.
15. Law of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on changes and amendments to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Georgian SSR. 18 November 1989.
16. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on Conclusions of the Special Commission on Political and Legal Assessment of Violation of the Georgian Russian Treaty of 7 May 1920. 18 November 1989.
17. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on election of the Commission of the  Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR to study the issues relating to the Status of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. 18 November 1989.

1990
18. Decree issued at the13th extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the 11th Convocation of the  Georgian  SSR on Guarantees for Protection of State Sovereignty of Georgia.  9 March 1990.
19. Law of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the issues relating to the secession of the Union  Republic from the USSR. 3 April 1990.
20. Law of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the economic relations between the USSR, Union  and Autonomous Republics. 10 April 1990.
21. Law of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on Separation of Authorities Between the USSR and  the Subjects to the Federation. 26 April 1990.
22. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on introduction of amendments to the decree  issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on March 9, 1990  “Guaranties for Protection of State Sovereignty of Georgia”. 20 June 1990.
23. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on Creation of Legal Mechanism Aimed at Restoration of Independence of Georgia. 20 June 1990.
24. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on Evaluation of a Number of the USSR Laws, Based on Article 77 of the Georgian SSR. 20 June 1990.
25. Decision issued by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on Creation of Special Commission on Study the Issues in the Abkhaz ASSR. 26 July 1990.
26. Decision  taken by the 13th  Session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation on the information of the commission on study of conduct of soviet, law-enforcement agencies and state officials during the difficult public and political situation in the South Ossetian  Autonomous Oblast in 1989-1990. 10 August 1990.
27. Decision of the Ispolcom of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on
      Establishment of the Commission on study and elaboration of proposals to respond the statements and Complaints of the citizens demanding resettlement from other cities and regions to the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and, also on the problems of refugees. 23 August 1990.
28. Declaration adopted at the Meeting of All-Level Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the issues discussed at the 10th Session of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 23 August 1990.
29. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Legal Guarantees of Protection of the Statehood of Abkhazia. 25 August 1990.
30. Declaration of the State Sovereignty of the Abkhaz Soviet Socialist Republic. 25 August 1990.
31. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on the Decision Taken by  the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on 25 August 1990. 26 August 1990.
32. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the 10th Session of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR of the 11th Convocation. 31 August 1990.
33. Decision taken by the 14th Session of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian  Autonomous Oblast of the 20th Convocation on reorganization of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast  into the Soviet Democratic Republic of South Ossetia. 20 September 1990.
34. Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Soviet Democratic Republic of South Ossetia. 20 September 1990.
35. Decision taken by the 14th Session of the Oblast Council  of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast of the 20th Convocation   on the laws valid in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. 20 September 1990.
36. Extract from the Decision of the 14th Session of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast of the 20th Convocation on Moratorium of Purchasing and Selling the Houses  and on “propiska” Procedures on the Territory of the Oblast. 20 September 1990.
37. Decision taken by the 14th Session of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast of the 20th Convocation on Declaration the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast as a Free Zone of Economy. 20 September 1990.
38. Decision taken by the 14th Session of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian  Autonomous Oblast of the 20th Convocation on performance of military service in the Soviet Army by the conscripts from the South Ossetia. 20 September 1990.
39. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on Decision Taken on 20 September 1990 by the Oblast Council of the Peoples’ Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of the
      South Ossetia. 21 September 1990.
40. Decree issued by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on Consultations and Drafting of the Concept
of the new Union Treaty. 1 October 1990
41. Decision taken by the 15th (1) Session of the Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic concerning the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR of 21 September 1990. 16 October 1990.
42. Decision taken by the 15th (1) Session of the Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic on the Law of the USSR “on Property in the USSR”. 16 October 1990.
43. Decision taken by the 15th Session of the Council of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic on the attitude towards the election of Deputies to the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR. 16 October 1990.
44. Decision taken by the 15th Session of the Council of the Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies of the  South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic on the letter of 9th session of the South Ossetian Oblast Council of 6 May 1989 regarding the condemnation of the authors of “The Letter to Abkhaz Friends”.  16 October 1990.
45. Decree issued by the the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR on the Decision to change the status of the Oblast taken by the Oblast Council of the Peoples’ Deputies of the Autonomous Oblast of the South Ossetia. 22 November 1990.
46. Decision taken by the 16th Session of the Council   of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic to Rename the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic as the South Ossetian Soviet Republic. 28 November 1990.
47. Decision taken by the 16th (2) Session of the Council   of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic on the status of the South Ossetian Soviet Republic. 28 November 1990.
48. Decision taken by the 16th (2) Session of the Council   of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian  Soviet Democratic Republic on changes of the title of the Interim Executive Council of the People’s  Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic. 28 November 1990.
49. Decision taken by the 16th (2) Session of the Council of the People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic on the attitude towards the Resolution issued on 22 November 1990 by the Newly elected Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia “On Decision of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on changing the status of the Oblast”. 28 November 1990.
50. Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on changes and amendments to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Abkhaz ASSR. 4 December 1990.
51. Law of the Republic of Georgia on Abolition of the Autonomous Oblast of the South Ossetia.  11 December 1990.
52. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Introduction of  State of Emergency on the territory of town of Tskhinvali and the Java District. 12  December 1990.
53. Decision taken by the first Session of the Supreme Council of the South Ossetian Soviet Republic on validity of the Constitution (Organic Law) on the territory of the South Ossetia. 13 December 1990.
54. Resolution issued by the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR on general concept of the new Union Treaty and procedures of its conclusion. 25 December 1990.

1991
55. Decree issued by the President of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Legal Acts Adopted in 1990 by the Republic of Georgia. 7 January 1991.
56. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of Georgia on the Decree issued by the President of the USSR on 7 January 1991. 9 January 1991.
57. Resolution of the Joint Session of the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian Soviet Socialist Republic and Vladikavkaz City Council of the People’s Deputies. 10 January 1991.
58 Decree issued by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on organization and measures for holding the Referendum of the USSR on the issue of preserving the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 16 January 199.
59. Decree issued by  the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR on Information of the Group of People’s Deputies Visiting the Georgian SSR and the South Ossetia. 22 January 1991.
60. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the republic of Georgia on Conscription of Draftees for the  Service in the Interior Troops-National Guard in 1991. 29 January 1991.
61. Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Local self-government in the Transitional Period. 29 January 1991.
62. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Certain Laws and  Decrees, issued on 29 January 1991 by the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR. 7 February 1991.
63. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on Immediate assistance to the population of the North Ossetia in connection with the events in the Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia. 8 February 1991.
64. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on dismissal of  R. Z. Shonia from the post of Chairman of Executive Committee of the People’s Deputies Regional Council of Gali District. 11 February 1991.
65. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on appointment of E. K. Janjulia on the Post of Prefect of the Gali District. 11 February 1991.
66. Decree issued by  the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme council of the Republic of Georgia of 11 February 1991 concerning the dismissal of the Chairman of the Ispolcom of the Council of People’s Deputies of the Gali District. 13 February 1991.
67. Decision issued by the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on Results of Visit of the People’s Deputies in Georgia due to the Events in the South Ossetia. 14 February 1991.
68. Decree issued by Supreme Council of the USSR on Situation in the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast And the Measures for Stabilization of the Situation in the Region. 20 February 1991.
69. Resolution of the first Session of the South Ossetian Council of People’s Deputies of the first convocation on Preparation for and Holding of Referendum of the USSR on 17 March 1991. 26 February 1991.
70. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Elections to the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 27 February 1991.
71. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Decree “Organization and holding the Referendum on Preservation of the USSR” issued by the Supreme Council of the USSR. 28 February 1991.
72. Resolution on interpretation of section five, of paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the law of the Republic of Georgia ‘on the Local Self-governance in the Period of Transition’ issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. 27 February 1991.
73. Statement of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. 27 February, 1991  
74. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on prolongation the term of authority to the deputies of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 28 February 1991.
75. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on holding All Union referendum in the Abkhaz ASSR. 28 February 1991.
76. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on enactment of the law of the Abkhaz
      ASSR “On the Central Bank of the Abkhaz ASSR” and “The Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on the Banks and
      Banking Activity in the Abkhaz ASSR”. 28 February 1991.
77. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the USSR on the results of the referendum of the USSR of
      17 March 1991.  21 March 1991.
78. Information of the Central State Commission of the Abkhaz ASSR on holding the referendum of the
      USSR and the information of the District Commission on election of the deputy of the USSR at the 669
      Sukhumi territorial electoral district. 22 March 1991.
79. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on the Fact of
      holding the USSR Referendum on the Territory of the Republic of Georgia and on Election of a Deputy
      To the Peoples’ Deputies of the USSR in the # 669 Sukhumi constituency. 22 March 1991.
80. Decision of the Joint Meeting of the All-Level People’s Deputies of the South Ossetia and Public
      representatives on setting up of the Committee on stabilization of the situation in the South Ossetia
      23 March 1991.
81. Protocol of the negotiation between the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and the
      Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. 23 March 1991.
82. Resolution issued by the congress of the People’s Deputies of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist
      Republic  on the Situation in the South Ossetia. 31 March 1991.
83. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the USSR on the situation in the South Ossetian Autonomous
      Oblast. 1 April 1991.
84. The Act of Restoration of Statehood Independence of Georgia, adopted at the extraordinary session of the Supreme Council of Georgia. 9 April 1991
85. Decree issued by the President of the Republic of Georgia on Nation wide National and Civil
      Disobedience. 15 April 1991.
86. Decree issued by the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the USSR on proposals aimed at
      normalization of the situation in the South Ossetia and its neighbouring area. 24 April 1991.
87. The Law of Georiga on Abolishing Tskhinvali and Khornisi Districts (rayons). 27 April 1991
88. Decree   of the Supreme Council of the Republic Of Georgia on Separation from Java District the Village Councils of Sinaguri, Kirov and Chasavali. 27 April 1991
89. Decision of the Meeting of Deputies of the Oblast, City, District, Settlement and Village Councils of the
      South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on implementation of the Decree of the President of the USSR of
      7 January 1991 and the Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the USSR of 1 April 1991. 4 May 1991.
90. Decree issued by  the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on decree issued on 4
      May 1991 by the Oblast Council of People’s Deputies of the former Autonomous Oblast of South       Ossetia. 7 May 1991.
91. Decree issued by of the Supreme Council of the USSR on decision of the Meeting of Deputies of the
      Oblast, City, District, Settlement and Village Councils of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on
      “Implementation of the Decree of the President of the USSR of 7 January 1991 and the Decree issued by
      the Supreme Council of the USSR of 1 April 1991”. 12 May 1991.
92. Statement of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. 14 May 1991
93. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR on the work of the interstate
      Commission on normalization of the situation in the South Ossetia and its neighbouring area. 25 June
     1991.
94. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the law of Georgia on
      “Creation of the Interior Troops - the National Guard of the Republic of Georgia”. 2 July 1991.
95. Decree # 288 issued by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Georgia. 5 July 1991.
96. Law of the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on Changes and Amendments to the
      Constitution (Organic Law) of the Abkhaz ASSR. 9 July 1991.
97. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Establishment of the
      Central Electoral Commission on election of the Deputies to the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR.
      20 July 1991.
98. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Establishment of Interim Organs of
      Governance and Fixing the Date of Elections to Sakrebulos  on the Territory of the Former Tskhinvali
      District. 25 July 1991.
99. Law of the Republic of Georgia  on Changes and Amendments to the Constitution. 25 July 1991..........
100. Decree # 342 issued by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Georgia on Regulation of Enrolment
      in Pre-School Establishment and First Classes of Secondary Schools. 31 July 1991.
101. Decree issued by  the President of the Republic of Georgia  on Stay of Execution of Law of the Abkhaz
      ASSR Adopted on 9 July 1991 on Introduction of Amendments to Paragraph 14 of Article 92 and Article
      156 of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR. 5 August 1991.
102. Decree issued by  the President of the Republic of Georgia  on Stay of Execution of the decree issued on  
      20 July 1991 by the Presidium of Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 5 August 1991.
103. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Activities Carried Out during the
      events of 19-21 of August by the Bureau of the Central Committee of Communist Party (CP) of Georgia,
      the Republican Committee of CP of Abkhazia, the Oblast Committee of CP of the former South Ossetia
      and the self-imposed Executive Committee of the Council of People’s Deputies of so called South
      Ossetia. 26 August 1991.
104. Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on amendments to the Constitution (Organic Law) of the Abkhaz  ASSR.
     27 August 1991.
105. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on implementation of the law of the Abkhaz
      ASSR of 27 August 1991 “on amendments to the Constitution (Organic Law) of the Abkhaz ASSR”.
      7 August 1991.
106. Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on changes to the law of the Abkhaz ASSR “on Public Referendum in the
      Abkhaz ASSR”. 27 August 1991.
107. Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on changes to the law of the Abkhaz ASSR “on election of the Deputies to the
      Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR”. 27 August 1991.
108. Temporary Law of the Abkhaz ASSR on Rules of Election and Appointment of Officials by the
        Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 27 August 1991.
109. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Bringing into Effect the Temporary Law
        of the Abkhaz ASSR on “Rules of Election and Appointment of Officials by the Supreme Council of the
        Abkhaz ASSR”. 27 August 1991.
110. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on termination of activity of the Abkhaz
        Republican Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia. 27 August 1991.
111. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the Law of the Republic of Georgia
        “On Introduction of Changes and Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia”.
   27 August 1991.
112. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Decree Issued by the President of the
        Republic of Georgia on “Suspension of the Law of Abkhazian ASSR of 9 July 1991 on Introduction of
        Amendments and Changes to Paragraph 14 of Article 92 and Article 156 of the Constitution of the
        Abkhaz ASSR”. 27 August 1991.
113. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the laws of the
        Republic of Georgia “on Monetary Regulation in the Republic of Georgia”,  “on the National Bank of
        the Republic of Georgia” and “on the Banks and Banking Activity”. 30 August 1991.
114. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Certain Acts Issued by
        the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Georgia. 27 September 1991.
115. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on securing the economic
        basis for the sovereignty of Abkhazia. 27  September 1991.
116. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Creation of the State
        Customs Service of the Republic of Abkhazia. 27  September 1991.
117. Decree issued by the President of the Republic of  Georgia on Suspension of Effect of the Decree issued
        on 27 September 1991 by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR “on Creation of
        the State Customs Service of the Republic of Abkhazia”. 8 October 1991.
118. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on the Decree issued on
        27 September 1991 by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR “on Creation of the
        state Customs Service of the Republic of Abkhazia”. 8 October 1991.
119. Decree issued by the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on Situation
        Established in the North Ossetian SSR. 16 October 1991.
120. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR on Appeal of the Session of the South
        Ossetian Oblast Council of the People’s Deputies to the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR.
        22 October 1991.
121. Decree issued by the President of the Republic of  Georgia on suspension of implementation of the
        Decree issued by the Supreme Council of Abkhazian ASSR on “Securing Economic Bases of
        Sovereignty of Abkhazia” and the Decree issued on 22 October 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the
        Abkhaz ASSR on “Subordination to Jurisdiction of the Abkhaz ASSR of all Enterprises and
        Organizations that have previously been under the Union and Republican Jurisdiction”. 24 October
        1991.
122. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on the Situation in the North Ossetian SSR.
        25 October 1991.
123. Resolution of the Congress of the People’s Deputies of the RSFSR  on the course of implementation of
        the Resolution of the 3rd Extraordinary Congress of the People’s Deputies of the RSFSR “on the
        situation in the South Ossetia”. 1 November 1991.
124. Statement of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. 5 November 1991
125. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Abolishment of the State of
        Emergency on the Territories of City of Tskhinvali and Java District. 25 November 1991.
126. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on the Current Situation of
        Mobilization Reserves and Conscription to the Active Military Service. 27 November 1991.
127. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Creation of the State
        Security Service of Abkhazia. 27 November 1991.
128. Decree issued by the President of the Republic of Georgia on Current Situation in Shida Kartli.
        2 December 1991.
129. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Current Situation in Shida Kartli.
        3 December 1991.
130. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on Decree Issued on 26 November
        1991 by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 3 December 1991.
131. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of the RSFSR on the course of implementation of
        Decree issued by the 5th Extraordinary Congress of the People’s Deputies of the RSFSR “on the situation in the South Ossetia”. 12 December 1991.
132. Resolution on Denunciation of the Treaty on Establishing the USSR. 12 December 1991  
133. Alma-Ata Declaration. 21 December 1991
134. Declaration of the First Congress of the Ossetian People on Restoration of National-political and Territorial Integrity of Ossetia. 13-14 December 1991.
135. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia on Dislocation of the Military Units, Establishments of Border-guard and Internal Forces, and Navy Forces and on Changes of Order of Their Functioning on the Territory of Abkhazia. 29 December 1991.
136. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Establishment
under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia the Interim Council on Coordination of the
 Activity and Re-subordination of the Military and Militia Units Dislocated on the Territory of Abkhazia.
  29 December 1991.

1992
137. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of South Ossetia on holding the public
        referendum of the Republic of South Ossetia. 3 January 1992.
138. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on measures for maintaining the public
        order and lawfulness in Abkhazia. 13 January 1992.
139. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on Additional
        Measures for Regulation the Public Order and Securing the Lawfulness in Abkhazia. 20 January 1992.
140. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Transferring of the agencies of
        Procuracy and the Ministry of Interior under the Jurisdiction of Abkhazia. 24 January 1992.
141. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Re-subordination of the
        Environment Procuracy and the Transport Procuracy under the Procuracy of the Abkhaz ASSR.
        24 January 1992.
142. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on Endorsement
        of the Provisions of the Interim Council on Coordination of Activities and Re-subordination of Military
        and Police Forces Attached to the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia. 13 February 1992.
143. Regulations of the Interim Council on Coordination of Activities and Re-subordination of Military and
        Police Forces Attached to the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia. 13 February 1992.
144. Declaration of the Military Council of the Republic of Georgia. 21 February 1992.
145. Decree issued by the Military Council of the Republic of Georgia on Action of Legislation in the
        Republic of Georgia. 24 February 1992.
146. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Re
        subordination of the Military Commissariats of Abkhazia. 25 February 1992.
147. Law of  Abkhazia on amendments to the law “on Legal Regime of the State of Emergency in the
        Abkhaz ASSR”. 26 February 1992.
148. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Additional Measures for
        Regulation the Public Order and Securing the Lawfulness in Abkhazia. 26 February 1992.
149. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of Abkhazia on Announcement the Special Regime of Conduct
        of the citizens on the Territory of Abkhazia. 26 February 1992.
150. Law of Abkhazia on Subordination of Certain State Management Organs. 5 March 1992.
151. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Creation under the Chairman of
        the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia of the Interim Council on Coordination of activity of
       military units dislocated on the territory of Abkhazia. 6 March 1992.
152. Decree # 291 issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Georgia on the Decree #255  on
        ”Transfer of Some Enterprises and Organizations under the Jurisdiction of the Ministry of Trade of the
        Abkhaz ASSR” issued by the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR on 26 November  1991.
        10 March 1992.
153. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Procedures of
        Appointment of the Leading Personnel within the System of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of
        Abkhazia. 17 March 1992.
154. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Endorsement of
        the Military Oath. 17 March 1992.
155. Oath of Allegiance. 17 March 1992.
156. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Temporary
        Procedure of “propiska” of the Citizens on the Territory of the Republic of Abkhazia. 24 March 1992.
157. Decree issued by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Abkhazia on Taking under Jurisdiction
        and State Management of the Republic of Abkhazia the Enterprises, Organizations and Agencies of the
        Union and Union-republic Subordination Located on the Territory of Abkhazia. 24 March 1992.
158. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Recruitment
        into the Active Military Service and Measures for Observance the law “On General Obligatory Military
         Service”. 31 March 1992.
159. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on changes to the Decree by the
        Supreme Council of Abkhazia “On Introduction of Special Regime of Conduct of the Citizens on the
        10 April 1992.
160. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Adding to the
        list of the Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia “On Securing
        the Economic Basis of the Sovereignty of Abkhazia”. 28 April 1992.
161. Decree issued by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Abkhaz ASSR on Conscription in April
        June of 1992 to the active military service the Citizens born in 1965-1974. 30 April 1992.
162. Decree issued by the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on Solution of the Complex Problems
        Related to Formation and Functioning of Border Zone of the Republic of Georgia. 7 May 1992.
163. Decree issued by the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on the Decree # 46 issued on 24 March
        1992 by the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR on “Transfer Under the Jurisdiction of the
        Republic of Abkhazia the Enterprises, Agencies and Organizations of the Union and Union-Republic
        Subordination Located on the Territory of Abkhazia”.19  May 1992.
164. Resolution issued by the Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR.
        21 May 1992.
165. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on Permission to
        Change the Last Name and Biographical Particulars on National Affiliation upon Request of Citizens.
        26 May 1992.
166. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on Entering on the Agenda of the Forth
        Session of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation the issue “on the Situation in the North and
        South Ossetia”. 28  May 1992.
167. Declaration of Independence of the Republic of South Ossetia. 29 May 1992.
168. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Decree issued by the State
        council of Georgia “on Regulation of Problems on Formation and Operation of the Border zone of the
        Republic of Georgia”. 3 June 1992.
169. Decision taken by the Joint Session of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR
        and the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the South Ossetia. 8 June 1992.
170. Protocol of the Meeting between the Cheirmen of the State Council of the Republic of Georgia E. A.
        Shevardnadze and the Cheirman of the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR A. Kh. Galasov.
        10 June 1992.
171. Agreement on Principles of Settement of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 24 June 1992.
172. Decree issued by the Presidium of the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on the Current Situation
        in Abkhazia. (2 July 1992.).
173. Protocol of the Meeting of representatives of the Parties on the Implementation of the Agreement on
        Principles of Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 4 July 1992.
174. Protocol #1 of the Session of the Joint Control Commission (JCC). 4 July 1992.
175. Decision #1 of the Session of  Joint Control Commission (JCC). 4 July  1992
176. Decision #2 of the Session of Joint Control Commission (JCC) on Establishment of Joint Group of Observers. 4 July  1992
177. Decision #3 of the Session of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) on Establishment of Multilateral Press Centers. 4 July 1992
178. Protocol #2 of the Meeting of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the   Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement, 6 July 1992
179. Annex 1 To Protocol #2 of the JCC Session. DECISION On establishment of the headquarters
(staff) of joint forces for keeping law and order in the zone of conflict and approving of the
composition of subdivisions for active service and securing the rear. 6 July 1992
180. Annex 2 To Protocol #2 of the JCC Session Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 6 July 1992
181. Protocol #3 of the Meeting of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 12July 1992.
182. Annex 1 To Protocol #3 of the  JCC Session. Provision On Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF) and Law and Order Keeping Forces (LOKF) in the Zone of Conflict. 12July 1992
183. Decree # 753 issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Georgia on Abrogation of Decrees of
        the government of Georgia related to Allocation of lands for Airdromes located in the village of Nikozi
        and for the Infantry Regiment Located in Tskhinvali. 23 July 1992.
184. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on changes to the Regulations of
        the Supreme Council of Abkhazia of the 12th convocation. 23 July 1992.
185. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Secession of the Legal Effect of
        the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR of 1978. 23 July 1992.
186. Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia of 1 April 1925.
187. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on changing the name of the Soviet
        Socialist Republic of Abkhazia. 23 July 1992.
188. Law of the Republic of Abkhazia on new symbolics of the Republic of Abkhazia. 23 July 1992.
189. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia  on draft-agreement between the
       Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of Georgia. 23 July 1992.
190. Law of the Republic of Abkhazia on Transit Duties. 23 July 1992.
191. Decree issued by the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on decree issued on 23 July 1992 by the
       Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on “Cessation of Legal Effect of the Constitution of the Abkhaz
        ASSR of 1978”. 25 July 1992.
192. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Further Work of Faction of Deputies
        “Democratic Abkhazia” of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR. 29 July 1992.
193. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on Political-Legal Assesment of the Decree
        issued by the First Session of the Supreme Council of the Abkhaz ASSR on “Cessation of the Legal
        Effect of the 1978 Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR and Restoration of the 1925 Constitution of the
        Abkhaz SSR”. 29 July 1992.
194. Decision of the Session of the Joint Control Commission (JCC). 3 August 1992.
195. Decree issued by the Government of the Republic of Georgia # 814 on Suspension of the Decree issued
        by the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz ASSR on 21 February 1992. 7 August 1992.
196. Decree issued by the Presidium of the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on Introduction of the
        State of Emergency on the Railway Transport. 10 August 1992.
197. Decree issued by  the State Council of the Republic of Georgia  on Decree Issued on 10 August 1992 by
        the Presidium of the State Council of the Republic of Georgia on “ Introduction of the State of
        Emergency on the Railway Transport”. 11 August 1992.
198. Decree issued by  the Presidium of  the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on Mobilization
        of Adult Citizens and Distribution of arms to the regiment of the internal troops of Abkhazia. 14 August
        1992.
199. Extract from the Resolution  of the Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of
         Kabardino-Balkaria. 17 August 1992.
200. Protocol  of consultations on the regulation of the conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia. 29 August
        1992.
201. Memorandum On Boarders of South Ossetia. 31 August 1992
202. Final Document of the Moscow meeting. 3 September 1992.
203. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia. 16 September 1992.
204. Decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazi. 16 September 1992.
205. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on the Situation in the North Caucasus
        in the Light of Events in Abkhazia. 25 September 1992.
206. Decree # 965 issued by the Government of the Republic of Georgia on Transferring the Sanatoriums, Recreation Houses and Summer Cottages under former Soviet and Soviet-Republican  Subordination to the State Chancellery of the Government of the Republic of Georgia. 30 September 1992.
207. 184. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on  the issue of Abkhazia. 26 November 1992.
208. Decree on restoration of certain original place-names of residential settlements of the Republic of Abkhazia, issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia. 4 December 1992.
209. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on Implementation of the Decree
        issued by the Supreme Council of Russian Federation “on Situation in the North Caucasus in the Light
        of Events in Abkhazia” of 25 September 1992. 25 December 1992.

1993
210. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR On Appeal  of the Supreme Council of the Republic of South Ossetia to the People’s Deputies of the North Ossetia. 13 January 1993.
211. Communique on the Results of Working Visit of the Chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the
        Supreme Council of the Russian Federation Abdulatipov R. G. and the Deputy Chairman of the
        Government of the Russian Federation Shakhrai S. M. in the Republic of Georgia. 18 February 1993.
212. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on the Presence of Russian Military Units on the Territory
        of Abkhazia. 25  February 1993.
213. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Communique “Results of Working Visit of Chairman of
        the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation Abdulatipov R. G. and
        the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Shakhrai S. M. in the Republic of
        Georgia” signed on 18 February 1993. 4 March 1993.
214. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the North Ossetian SSR on Recognition of the Republic of
        South Ossetia. 6 March 1993.
215. Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on Decree of the Supreme Council of
        the North Ossetian SSR “on Recognition of the Republic of South Ossetia”. 22 March 1993.
216. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Necessary Measures to be Taken to Protect Life and
        Ensure Security of Peaceful Population in the Armed Conflict Zone. 1 April 1993.
217 Protocol of Negotiations between the Governmental Delegations of the Republic of Georgia and the
        Russian Federation. 9 April 1993.
218. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on withdrawal of Russian Military Units from the Conflict
        Zone in Abkhazia. 27 April 1993.
219. Decree issued by the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on
        implementation of the Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation “on the situation
        in the North Caucasus in connection with the events in Abkhazia” of 25 September 1992 and “on
        implementation of the Decree issued by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation “on the situation
        in the North Caucasus in connection with the events in Abkhazia of 25 September 1992” of 25
        December 1992. 30 April 1993.
220. Communique on Russian-Abkhaz Consultations. 6 May 1993.
221. Resolution adopted by the Second Congress of the Ossetian People. 21-22 May 1993.
222. Resolution 849 (9 July 1993) adopted by the Un Security Council.
223. Agreement on ceace-fire and the mechanisms of  its implementation in Abkhazia. 27 July 1993.
224. Decree issued by the Council of Ministers-the Government of the Russian Federation on urgent
        measures on Implementation of the Agreement on Cease-fire in Abkhazia and the Mechanisms of the
        control over its implementation of  27 July 1993. 5 August 1993.
225. Resolution 854 (6 August 1993) adopted by the UN Security Council.
226. Resolution 858 (24 August 1993) adopted by the UN Security Council.
227. Decree issued by the Council of Ministers-the Government of the Russian Federation on Further
        Measures for Regulation of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. 13 September 1993.
228. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of
        Georgia on Restoration of Economy in the Zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 14 September 1993.
229.  Resolution 876 (19 October 1993) adopted by the UN Security Council.
230. Resolution 881 (4 November 1993) adopted by the UN Security Council.
231. Memorandum of Understanding Between the Georgian and the Abkhaz Sides at the negotiations in
        Geneva. 1 December 1993.
232. Resolution 892 (22 December 1993) adopted by the UN Security Council.


1994
233. Communique on the second round of negotiations between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides in Geneva.
        13 January 1994.
234. Resolution 896 (31 January  1994) adopted by the UN Security Council.
235. Resolution 901 (4 March 1994) adopted by the UN Security Council.
236. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia  on Legislative Practice of Apartheid and Racism in the
        Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. 10 March 1994.
237. Resolution 906 (25 March  1994) adopted by the UN Security Council.
238. Quadripartite Agreement on voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons. 4 April 1994.
239. Declaration on measures for a political settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. 4 April 1994.
240. Declaration on the results of the First Meeting of the Quadripartite Commission on the issues of
        voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons. 9 April 1994.
241. Declaration on observing sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of  borders of the CIS
        member-states. 15 April 1994.
242. Declaration of the Participants of the Second Meeting of the Quadripartite commission on the issues of
        voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons. 27 April 1994.
243. Annex to the Report of the UN Secretary General on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia; Proposals for
        political and legal elements for a comprehensive settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. 3 May
        1994.
244. Protocol For The Establishment of a Coordinating Commission.  11 May 1994.
245. Agreement on a Cease-fire And Separation of  Forces. 14 May 1994.
246. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 24 May 1994.  
247. Joint Statement. 14 June 1994.
248. Resolution 934 (3 June 1994) adopted by the UN Security Council.
249. Protocol of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Georgia and the Government of
        the Russian Federation To the Agreement between thr Government of the Republic of Georgia and the
       Government of the Russian Federation on Economic Restoration of the Regions Located in the Zone of
        Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, Signed on 14 September 1993. 5 July 1994.
250. Resolution 934 (21 July 1994) adopted by the UN Security Council.
251. UNOMIG Mandate, adopted by the Security council Resolution 937 (21 July 1994).
252. Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation Between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of
        Tatarstan. 17 August 1994.
253. Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation Between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of
        Bashkortostan.  18 August 1994.
254. Decision issued of the Council of the CIS Heads of States on usage of Collective Forces to maintain
        peace in the conflict zone of Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. 22 August 1994.
255. Statement on Voluntary Return of Refugees - Internally Displaced Persons. 2 September 1994.
256. Decree on restoration of certain original names of residential settlements of the Republic of
Abkhazia, issued by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia. 9 September 1994.
257. Statement of the parliament of Georgia. 12 October 1994.
258. Decision of the Council of the CIS Heads of States on approval of the Mandate on Peace-keeping
        Operation in the Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict Zone. 21 october 1994.
259. Annex to the  Decision of the Council of the CIS Heads of States on approval of the Mandate on Peace
        keeping Operation in the Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict Zone of 21 0ctober 1994.
260. Agreement on Further Development of the Process of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian
        Conflict and the Mixed Controlling Commission. 31 October 1994.
261. Regulation on the Joint Control Commission for the Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict
31 October 1994.
262. From the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia. 12 November 1994.
263. Statement on the issue of refugees and displaced persons. 18 November 1994.
264. Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia. 26 November 1994.
265. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 1 December 1994.
266. From the Resolution of the OSCE Budapest Summit. 6  Desember 1994.
267. Protocol 3 of the Meeting of the Joint Control Commission for the Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict 6 December 1994
268. Decision of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict On economic rehabilitation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 6 December 1994.
269. Decision of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict On measures for the resolution of the problem of refugees from internal districts of the Republic of Georgia who are now residing on territory of the Republic of North Ossetia. 6 December 1994.
270. Decision of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict On the Forces for the Support of Peace.  6 December 1994.
271. Decision of the Joint Control Commission for the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 6 December 1994.
272. Annex # 1 to JCC  Decission.  Regulation Concerning the Basic principles of Operation of the Military Contingents and of the Groups of Military Observers Designated for the Normalization of the Situation In the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 6 December 1994.
273. Annex № 1 to the Regulation concerning the Basic Principles of Operation of the Military Contingents and of the Military Observers Designated for the Normalization of the Situation in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. Rights and Obligations of the Commander of the Joint Forces for the Maintenance of Peace in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 6 December 1994.
274. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on the measures of temporary restriction of
        crossing state borders between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic
        of Georgia. 19 December 1994.
275. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on lifting certain restrictions established by
        the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 #1394 on the measures
       of temporary restriction of crossing state borders between the Russian Federation and the Republic of
       Azerbaijan and the Republic of Georgia. 27 December 1994.

1995
276. Resolution 971 (12 Januay 1995) adopted by the UN Security Council.
277. Memorandum by the Heads of the Commonwealth of Independent States on Maintaining the Peace and
        Stability in the Commonwealth of  Independent States. 10 February 1995.
278. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Supreme Authority of the Autonomous Republic of
        Abkhazia. 24 February 1995.
279. Decree issued by the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Humane Treatment
        of the Needs of the Population of Abkhazia. 24 February 1995.
280. Working Protocol of the Talks on the Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict Settlement. 6 May 1995.
281. Resolution 993 (12 May 1995) adopted by the UN Security Council.
282. Agreement  on Friendship and Cooperation Between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of
        Kabardino-Balkharia. 19 May 1995.
283. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on Partial Changes in the Decree issued by
        the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 #1394 “On temporary Restrictions of
        Crossing the Border of the Russian Federation with the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of
        Georgia”.  24 May 1995.
284. Decision issued by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States  on
        Specification to and Extension of the Mandate of the Collective Force on Maintaining the Peace in the
        conflict Zone in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia. 26 May 1995.
285. Annex to the Decision adopted on 26 May 1995 by the  Council of the Heads of States  of the
       Commonwealth of Independent States on Specification to and Extension of the Mandate of the Collective
        Force on Maintaining the Peace in the Conflict Zone of Abkhazia. 26 May 1995.
286. Decision issued by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States on
        proposals on reconciled operations for the conflict settlement in Abkhazia, Georgia. 26 May 1995.
287. Annex 1 to the Decision  of he Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwalth of Independent
        States of 26 May 1995 on Possible Political Measures for Regulation of the Conflict in Abkhazia,
        Georgia 26 May 1995.
288. Protocol # 4 of the meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 9 June 1995.
289. Annex 1 To protocol # 4 of the JCC session Decision On the Process of Construction and Rehabilitation Works in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.. 9 June 1995
290. Annex 2 To Protocol # 4 of the JCC Session. Decision on Implementing Decision of the JCC on the JPKF. 9 June 1995.
291. Annex 3 To Protocol # 4 of the JCC Session. Decision On Developing Actions for Return of Refugees from North Ossetia – Alania to Internal regions of Georgia in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 9 June 1995.
292. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Admitting Members of the Parliament of Georgia elected
        in Abkhazia to the membership of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia. 14 June 1995.
293. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on removal of certain restrictions of
        Russian-Georgian border crossing within the frontiers of Krasnodar Region established by the Decree of
        the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 # 1394. 7 July 1995.
294. Decree issued by the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation  on assistance to the
        population of Abkhazia. 14 July 1995.
295 Protocol #5 of the meeting of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 19-20 July 1995.
296. Annex 1 To Protocol # 5 of the JCC Session  Decision On the Process of Construction and Rehabilitation Works in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 19 July 1995.
297 Annex 2 To Protocol # 5 of the JCC Session Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 19 July 1995.
298. Enclosure to Annex 2 of Protocol #5 of the JCC Session On Widening the Scope of Activities of Economic Workgroup of the JCC with regard to the Territories that were involved in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 19 July 1995.
299. Annex 3 To Protocol #5 of the JCC Session Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On the Actions to be taken for Activating the Return of Refugees from North Ossetia –Alania to Internal Regions of Georgia. 19 July 1995.
300. Annex 4 To Protocol # 5 of the JCC Session Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On Implementing Decision of the JCC on the JPKF. 19 July 1995.
301. Annex 5 To Protocol # 5 of the JCC Session Statement Of Georgian and Russian Parties on Further Development of the Process of Peaceful Settlement of the Conflict. 19 July 1995.
302. Protocol on Georgian-Abkhaz conflict settlement (draft). 24 July 1995.
303. Constitution of Georgia. 24 August 1995.
304. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on partial changes to the Decree issued by
        the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 # 1394 “on temporary measures of
        restriction of border crossing of the Russian Federation with the Republic of Azerbaijan and the
        Republic of Georgia”. 26 August 1995.
305. Law of the Republic of Georgia. 1 September 1995.
306. Protocol of the Meeting of Representatives of Georgia, South Ossetia, The Russian Federation and
        North Ossetia with Participation of the OSCE on Comprehensive Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian
        Conflict. 30 October 1995.
307. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Acknowledgment of Mandates of Members of the
        Parliament. 25 November 1995.

1996
308. Resolution 1036 (12 January 1996) adopted by the UN Security Council.
309. Decision  taken by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States on
        Measures for Settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. 19 January 1996.
310. Annex to the  Decision  taken  by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of
        Independent States on Approval of the Regulations of the Collective Peacekeeping Force in the
        Commonwealth of Independent States of 19 January 1996.
311. Resolution of the Council of the Interparliamentary Assambly of the Member States of the
        Commonwealth of independent States on the Statement of the Parliamentary Delegation of Georgia
        Regarding Peaceful Settlement of Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. 17 Febriary 1996.
312. Proposals of Georgia on the status of Abkhazia, Georgia. 5 March 1996.
313. Resolution adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Legal Effect for the Russian Federation of the Results of the USSR Referendum of 17 March of
1991 on the issue of Keeping the USSR. 15 March 1996.
314. Resolution adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on strengthening the integration of the peoples united within the USSR and annulment of the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 12 December 1991 ‘on Denunciation of the Treaty of Establishing the USSR’.15 March 1996.
315. Resolution of  the Parliament of Georgia on measures of conflict settlement in Abkhazia. 17 April 1996.
316. Memorandum on Necessary Measures to be undertaken in order to Ensure Security and Strengthening of
        Mutual Trust Between the Parties to the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 16 May 1996..........................
317. Decision  taken by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States  on
        Presence of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Conflict Zone of Abkhazia, Georgia. 17 May
       1996.
318. Resolution 1065 (12 July 1996) adopted by the UN Security Council.
319. Protocol # 6 meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. July 23-24, 1996.
320. Annex 1 To Protocol #6 of the JCC Session. Decision on Activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 23 July 1996.
321. Enclosure to Annex 1 of Protocol # 6 of the JCC Session. 23 July 1996.
322. Annex 2 To Protocol # 6 of the JCC Session. Decision on Providing the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict with Power. 23 July 1996.
323 Annex 3 To protocol # 6 of the JCC session. Decision on Providing the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict with Natural Gas. 23 July 1996./
324 Annex 4 to Protocol # 6 of the JCC Session. Decision on Construction and Rehabilitation Works in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 23 July 1996.
325. Statement on Results of the Meeting between E. A. Shevardnadze and L. A. Chibirov in Vladikavkaz.
        27 August 1996.
326. Protocol of  the Talks on the Regulation of Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict. 12 September 1996.
327. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia  on Implementation of the Decree Issued by the Parliament
        of Georgia on 17 April 1996 “On Measures for Conflict Settlement in Abkhazia”. 2 October 1996.
328. Resolution by the Parliament of Georgia on Measures for Settlement the Critical Situation evoked by the
        Unlawful Declaration to Schedule Elections Made by the Abkhaz Separatist Regime. 2 October 1996.
329. Decision  taken by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States on
        Extension of the term of presence and additions to the Mandate of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in
        the conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia. 17 October 1996.
330. Resolution 1077 (22 October 1996) adopted by the UN Security Council.
331. Decree issued by the President of Georgia on Holding of Nation-Wide Plebiscite among Electors –
        Internally Displaced Persons and Refugees from Abkhazia. 31 October 1996.
332. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Government of the
        Republic of North Ossetia on social-economic, scientific-technical and cultural cooperation. 9
        November 1996.
333. Resolution issued by the European Parliament. 12 November 1996.
334. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on the so-called Presidential Elections on the Part of
        Territory of the Tskhinvali Region Held on 10 November 1996. 26 November 1996.
335. The Central Electoral Commission of Georgia. Final Protocol on Results of Referendum among the
        Internally Displaced Persons and Refugees from the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. 28 November
        1996.
336. From the Lisbon Summit Declaration of the OSCE. 2-3 December 1996.
337. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Expanding the Mandate of the Supreme Council of the
        Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. 25 December 1996.

1997
338. Resolution 993 adopted by the UN Security Council. 30 January 1997
339. Protocol # 7 of the meeting of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian Ossetian conflict settlement. 13February 1997.
340 Annex 2 To Protocol #7 of the JCC Session Decision on Return of Refugees and IDPs as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict to the Places of their Permanent Residence. 13 February 1997.
341. Annex 3 to Protocol #7 of the JCC Session. Procedure OF voluntary return of refugees and idps as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict to the places of their permanent residence. 13 February 1997
342. Annex 4 To Protocol #7 of the JCC Session Decision on the process of implementing the “agreement between the government of russia and georgia on economic rehabilitation of regions in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict” (1993, moscow). 13 February 1997.
343. Protocol of the Meeting devoted to the Issues of Comprehensive Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian
        Conflict. 5 March 1997.
344. Annex 2. Procedure of Activities of the Authorized Delegations on the Negotiations on Full-Scale Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 5 March 1997.
345. Joint Declaration on Further Measures aimed at Restoration of Economy and Developments in the
        course of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.  5 March 1997.
246. Decree issued by the Government of Russian Federation on Removal of restrictions set out in the Decree
        issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on 19 December 1994 #1394 “On Measures for
        Temporary Restrictions of Border-Crossing Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of
        Azerbaijan and the Republic of Georgia”. 14 March 1997.
347. Decision  taken by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwalth of Independent States on
        Implementation of the Measures for Conflict Settlement in Abkhazia, Georgia. 28 March 1997.
348. Decision  taken by the Council of the Heads of States  of the Commonwealth of Independent States on
        Support to the Peacekeeping Operations in the Conflict Zone of Abkhazia, Georgia. 28 March 1997.
349. Decree issued by the People’s Assembly-The Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia on the Decision
        Taken by the heads of States of the Commonwealth of independent states of 28 march 1997 “on Support
        the Peacekeeping Operations in the Conflict Zone of Abkhazia, Georgia”. 1 April 1997.
350. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Resolution 119 (1997) 1 on the conflicts in
        Transcaucasia. 22 April 1997.
351. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Further Presence of Armed Forces of the Russian
        Federati­­on de­­ployed in the zone of Abkhaz Conflict under the Auspices of the Commonwealth of
        Independent States. 30 May 1997.
352. Resolution issued by the Council of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Member-States of the
        Commonwealth of independent States on Peaceful Regulation of the Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia.
        8 June 1997.
353. Resolution on Extension of the Mandate of the Collective Peace-keeping Forces in the Conflict Zone of Abkhazia, Georgia, adopted by the state Duma of the Russian federation. 23 June 1997.
354. Decree issued by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation  on the statement of
        the state DUMA on the impermissibility of violating the universal principles and norms of International humanitarian law with regard to the impoverished population of Abkhazia. 24 June 1997.
355. Federal Assembly - Parliament of the Russian Federation Statement of the State Duma "On the impermissibility of violating universal principles and norms of international humanitarian law with regard to the impoverished population of Abkhazia". 24 June 1997.
356. Resolution on conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, adopted  by the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. 8 July         1997.
357. Annex 1 to Protocol #7 of the JCC Session. Decision settlement On Activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 13 July 1997.
358. Resolution 1124 (31 July 1997) adopted by the UN Security Council.
359. Statement on the Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides. 14 August 1997.
360. Protocol # 8 of the meeting of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 26 September 1997.
361. Annex 1 To Protocol #8 of the JCC Session. Decision on Activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 26 September 1997.
362. Annex 2 To Protocol #8 of the JCC Session. Decision on the process of implementation of the Procedure on Voluntary Return of Refugees and IDPs to the Places of their Permanent Residence, and Approval of the draft procedure on ad hoc committee for supporting the voluntary return of refugees and IDPs to the places of their permanent residence. 26 September 1997
363. Annex 3 To Protocol #8 of the JCC Session .Decision on results of implementing the agreement concluded between the governments of Russia and Georgia on economic rehabilitation of the regions in the zone of conflict (1993, Moscow) and the proposals on new principles and forms of further liquidation of social and economic consequences of the conflict. 26 September 1997.
364. Resolution of the People’s Assembly - Parliament of Abkhazia on Deportation of Abkhazs (Abazs) in the 19th Century. 15 October 1997.
365. Resolution of the People’s Assembly-the Parliament of the republic of Abkhazia on condemnation of
        genocide, ethnic cleansing and other crimes committed by the military-political authorities of Georgia
        against the population of Abkhazia during the Georgian-Abkhazian war of 1992-1993. 15 October 1997.
366. Resolution of the People’s Assembly – the Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia. on Condemning the Genocide and other Repressive Measures against the Abkhaz People and representatives of other Nations residing in Abkhazia, resorted by the government of the Georgian Democratic Republic and the Soviet Georgia, and on Overcoming of their Aftermath. 15 October 1997.
367. Resolution of the People's Assembly Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia On condemnation of facts of high treason and collaboration with the occupational authorities during the Georgian-Abkhazian war of 1992-1993. 20 October 1997.
368. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on Importing of Citrus and Some Other
        Agricultural Products to the Russian Federation. 7 November 1997.
369. Statement on Results of the Meeting between E. A. Shevardnadze and L. A. Chibirov. 14 November
        1997.
370. Final Statement on the results of the resumed meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides held in
        Geneva from 17 to 19 November 1997.
371. Protocol of the First Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides.
        18 December 1997.
372. Statute (regulations) of the Coordinating Council. 18 December 1997.

1998
373. Protocol of the First Special Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides.
   22 January 1998.
374. Record of the Second Session of  Working Group I, of the of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian
        and Abkhazian Parties  on issues related to the lasting non resumption of hostilities and to security
        problems. 22 Ja­­nuary 1998.
375. Resolution 1150 (30 January 1995) adopted by the UN Security Council.
376. Decision Taken by the Council of the Inter-parliamentary Assembly of the Member-States  of  the
        Commo­n­­­­wealth of independent States  on the situation of conflict settlement in Abkhazia, Georgia.
        28 February 1998.
377. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 6 March 1998
378 Protocol of the third Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
        31 March 1998.
379. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 1 April 1998.
380. Decision Taken by the Council of the heads of States of the Commonwealth of independent States on       
        Additional Measures for the Conflict Settlement in Abkhazia, Georgia. 28 April 1998.
381. Protocol of the fourth (second special) Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz
        Sides. 22 May 1998.
382. Protocol on Cease-fire, Separation of Armed Formations and Guarantees on Inadmissibility of       Forcible Activities. 25 May 1998.
383. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 27 May 1998.
384. Statement on Results of Meeting Between E. Shevardnadze and L. Chibirov. 20 June 1998.
385. Decree issued by the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Normalization of   
        Border and Customs Regimes along the Abkhaz Portion of the Border of the Russian Federation.
       24 June 1998.
386. Resolution of the European Parliament on the situation in Georgia. 17 July 1998.
387. Concluding Statement on the Results of the second Meetings of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides held in
        Geneva from  23 to 25 July 1998.
388. Resolution 1187 (30 July 1998) adopted by the UN Security Council.
389. Protocol of the fifth Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides.
        2 September 1998.
390. Protocol of  the Meeting of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides on issues of stabilization of the situation
        on the line dividing the sides. 24 September 1998..
391. Athens Meeting of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides on Confidence-Building Measures. 18 October 1998.
392. Decree issued by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Measures to
        Assist with Energy Supply the Economy of the South Ossetia, Georgia. 11 November 1998.
393. Decision of the Oslo OSCE Ministerial Council Meeting  on Georgia. 1 December 1998.
394. Protocol of the sixth special Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
        18 December 1998.
395. Protocol on the Meeting of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 21 December 1998.

1999
396. Resolution 1225 adopted by the UN Security Council. 28 January 1999.
397. Protocol of the seventh Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 11 Fabruary 1999.
398. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 5 March 1999.
399. Protocol # 9 of the session of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 31 March  1999.
400. Annex 2 To Protocol # 9 of  the JCC Session. Decision On Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 31 March  1999.
401. Decision taken by the Council of the heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States on   
        Further Steps towards the settlement of the Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. 2 April 1999.
402. Protocol of the eights  Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
        29 April 1999.
403. Statement  of the Parliament of Georgia. 11 May 1999.
404. Istanbul Statement of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides on Confindence-Building Measures 7-9 June   
        1999.
405. Basic principles for determining the status of Abkhazia within the new State structure of Georgia. 23 July 1999.
406. Protocol # 10 of the session of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 23 July 1999.
407. Annex 1 To Protocol # 10 of  the JCC Session. Decision on the Activities of the JPKF. On Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Organs of the Parties to the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 23 July 1999.
408. Annex 2 to Protocol # 10 of  the JCC Session. Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement on Rehabilitation. 23 July 1999.
409  Annex 3 to the protocol # 10 of the JCC Session. Decision Concerning the Return of Refugees. 23 July 1999.
410 Annex 4 to Protocol # 10 of  the JCC Session. Decision On Participation of Representatives of the European Commission in the Works of the JCC in the Form of Observers During the Discussions about the Economic Issues. 23 July 1999.
411. Annex 5 to Protocol # 10 of the JCC Session. Decision on Indexation and Payment of Deposits to the Population of the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 23 July 1999.
412. Annex  to Protocol # 10 of the JCC Session. Decision on establishment of the workgroup on settlement the problem of land-utilization on contiguous territories in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 23 July 1999.
413. Annex 7 to Protocol # 10 of the JCC Session. Decision on cargo transportation  through itineraries between inhabited localities on the South Ossetian territory. 23 July 1999.
414. Resolution 1250 adopted by the UN Security Council. 30 July 1999.
415. Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation on declaring certain earlier Decrees of the
        Government of the Russian Federation no longer valid. 9 September 1999.
416. List of Decrees issued by the Government of the Russian Federation no longer Valid. 9 September 1999.
417. Act on the National Independence of the Republic of Abkhazia. 12 October 1999.
418. Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and Georgia. 17 November 1999.
419. From the Declaration of the OSCE Istanbul Summit. 17-18 November 1999.
420. Decree issued by the Parliament of Georgia on Recognition of the Mandate of the Members of the
        Parliament of Georgia. 20 November 1999.
421. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 24 December 1999.

2000
422. Protocol of the 9th Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
       18-19 January 2000.
423. Protocol of the Joint Group (JG) on detection and investigation of the facts of violation of the Moscow
        Agreement of 14 May 1994 and on the politically motivated unlawful activities. 19 January 2003.
424. Statement of the State Commissions of Abkhazia and Georgia on Search for those Persons Missing without Missing. 19 January 2000
425. Resolution 1287 adopted by the UN Security Council. 31 January 2000.
426. Protocol of the Sukhumi Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides  on the Implementation of
        the Protocol of  24 September 1998 and Other Measures Aimed at Stabilization of the Situation in the
        Security zones and Limited Weaponry. 3 February 2000.
427. Protocol of Consultative Meeting of Experts of Georgian and Russian Sides on Introduction of Visa
        Regime between Georgia and the Russian Federation. 20 April 2000.
428 Protocol of the fourth Meeting of Experts' Groups of authorized delegations of the sides within the Framework of the Negotiation Process on a Full Scale Resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 7 July  2000
429.  Protocol of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides on the issues of stabilization of
        the situation in the security. 11 July 2000.
430. Protocol of the 10th Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 11 July
        2000.
431. Statement of the State Commission of Abkhazia and Georgia on Search for the persons Missing without Trace. 11 July 2000.
432. Resolution 1311 (28 July 2000) adopted by the UN Security Council.
433. Joint Statement of the Forth Session of the working Group I. 20 August 2000.
434. Joint Statement of the Fifth Session of the working Group I. 4 October 2000.
435. Protocol of the Eleventh Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
        24 October 2000.
436. The Statement of the Parliament of Georgia on introduction of visa regime between Russia and Georgia.
24 November 2000
437. Order by the Government of the Russian Federation. 30 November 2000
438. Decree issued by the Government of Russian Federation. 30 November 2000.
439. Joint Statement of the Sixth  Session of the working Group I. 13 December   2000.
440. Agreement between the Government of Georgia and the Government of the Russian Federation  on
        Cooperation in Restoration of Economy in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone and Return of
        Refugees. 23 December 2000.

2001
441. Resolution of the European Parliament on the visa regime imposed by the Russian Federation on
        Georgia. 18 January 2001.
442. Protocol of the Twelfth Session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.
        23 January 2001.
443. Resolution 1339 adopted by the UN Security Council. 31 January 2001.
444. Declaration of the Parliament of Georgia on the so-colled Local Self-governance Elections to be held on 10th March 2001, Organized by the Sukhumi Separatist Regime. 2 March 2001.
445. Yalta Declaration of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides. 15-16 March 2001.
446. Appendix to the Programme of Action on Confidence-building between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides.
        15-16 March 2001.
447. Annex to the Programme of Action on Confidence-building between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides.   15-16 March 2001.
448 Statement of the Parliament of Georgia  on the planed so called referendum elections of the separatist regime of Tskhinvali on 8 April  200. 30 March 2001.
449. The Constitution (Organ Law) of the Republic of South Ossetia. 8 April 2001.
450. Protocol of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 16 April 2001.
451. Protocol # 11 meetings of Cochairmen of the JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 21 April 2001.
452. Annex 1 To Protocol # 11 of the JCC Session. Decision on Activities of the JPKF and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Organs of the Parties for Fighting with Crime in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 21 April 2001.
453. Annex 2 To Protocol # 11 of the JCC Session. Decision the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 21 April 2001.
454. Annex 3 To Protocol # 11 of  the JCC Session. Decision on the Process of Return of Refugees. 21 April 2001.
455. Annex 4 To Protocol # 11 of the JCC Session. Decision on the Actions to be taken for Improvement of the Activities of the JCC. 21 April 2001.
456. Annex to Protocol # 11 of the  JCC Session. Provision On Special Coordinating Center (the SCC) under the JCC for Mutual Activities of Law Enforcement Organs in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 21 April 2001.
457. Protocol of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides. 11 May 2001.
458. Memorandum on the Meeting between L. A. Chibirov and Y. M. Luzhkov. 21 May 2001
459. Law of the Republic of Abkhazia on Enactment of the Basics of the Civil Legislation of the USSR and Republics. 15 June 2001.
460. Protocol # 2 on results of the meeting of Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 3 July 2001.
461. Annex 1 To Protocol # 2 of  the meeting of  Cochairmen of the JCC. decision on activities of the JPKF. 3 July 2001.
462. Annex 2 To Protocol # 2 of the  meeting of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision on measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 3 July 2001.
463. Annex 2 To Protocol # 2 of Session of  Cochairmen of the JCC
Decision of the meeting of Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 3 July 2001.
464. Annex 3 To Protocol # 2 of Session of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision on Return of Refugees. 3 July 2001.
465. Annex 4 To Protocol # 2 of Session of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision on proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission. 3 July 2001.
466. Joint Statement of the Seventh  Session of the working Group one. 10 July 2001.
467. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia  on Non-Implementation by the Russian Federation of the Joint
 Statement Adopted at the Istanbul OSCE Summit in 1999. 18 July 2001.
468. Resolution 1364 (31 July 2001) adopted by the UN Security Council.
469 Protocol # 3 of the meeting of Cochairmen of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 2 August 2001.
470. Annex 1 To Protocol # 3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision On activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties for fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 2 August 2001.
471. Annex 2 To Protocol # 3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC.  Decision of the meeting of Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 2 August 2001.
472. Annex 3 To Protocol # 3 of Session of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision on Return of Refugees. 2 August 2001.
473. Annex 4 To Protocol # 3 of Session of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision On Proposals of Acting Chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission. 2 August 2001.
474. Аnnex  to the Protocol of 14 August 2001. List of Unlawfully Detained People
475. Protocol of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 14 August 2001.
476. Joint Statement of the Eighth Session of the Working Group One. 11 September 2001.
477. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the situation in the territory of Abkhazia. 11 October 2001
478. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 27 September 2001.
479. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 27 September 2001.
480. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia Concerning the situation on the territory of Abkhazia. 11October 2001.
481. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia Regarding the Statement of the Duma of the Russian Federation. 12October 2001.
482. Protocol # 4 of the meeting of Cochairmen of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 25 October 2001.
483. Annex 1 To protocol # 4 of session of  Cochairmen of the JCC. Decision on some organizational issues of the process of negotiations on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and funding thereof.25 October 2001.
484. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 10 November 2001.

2002
485. Protocol of the Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides on the Issue of Stabilization of the Situation in the Zone of Conflict. 17 January 2002.
486. Resolution 1393 (31 January 2002) adopted by the UN Security Council.
487. Protocol of the Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides. 11 February 2002.
488. Protocol #5 meetings of Co-chairmen of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. February 28 – March 1, 2002.
489. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 28 February 2002
490. From the Statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Situation in Georgia with regard of military presence of the USA on its territory. 6 March 2002.
491. Protocol of the Meeting between the Minister of Education of Georgia Mr. Al. Kartozia and De-facto
        Minister of Education of Abkhazia Mr. B. Dbar . 11 March 2002.
492. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the situation in Abkhazia. 20 March 2002.
493. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the Unlawful Misappropriation of State Property and
        Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons’ Private Property in Abkhazia. 20 March 2002.
494. Decree issued by the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Ever Increasing
        Tension around Abkhazia and South Ossetia. 22 March 2002.
495. Decision  of the Council of the CIS Heads of States on the presence of Collective Peace Keeping Forces in the Conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia. 22 March 2002.
496. Protocol of the Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides on 29 March 2002 in Sukhumi.
497. Protocol # 6 of the  meeting of the co-Chairmen of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 14-16 May 2002.
498 Annex 1 To Protocol #6 of the Meeting of Co-Chairmen of the JCC. Decision settlement On Arrangements Dedicated to the 10th Anniversary of Signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on 504. Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Starting the Activities of the JPKF. 16 May 2002.
499. Annex 2 to Protocol No 6 of the JCC Co-chairmen meeting. Decision of the co-Chairmen of the Joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlenment On Interaction in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Georgia-Ossetian Conflict Zone. 16 May 2002.
500. Annex 3 To Protocol #6 of the Meeting of  Co-Chairmen of the JCC Decision settlement on the Status of Return of Refugees. 16 May 2002.
501. Joint Statement by President George W. Bush and President Vladimir V. Putin  on Counterterroris
Cooperation. 24 May 2002.
502. Joint Declaration on New U.S.-Russia Relationship. 24 May 2002.
503. Law of the Russian Federation  on Citizenship of the Russian Federation. 31 May 2002.
504. Protocol # 7 meetings of co-Chairmen of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 5 June 2002.
505. Annex 1 To protocol # 7 of the JCC session. Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities. 5 June 2002.
506. Annex 2 To Protocol #7 of the JCC Session. Decision of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On preparation of meetings of Co-Chairmen of the JCC and session of a workgroup on economic issues in Moscow. 5 June 2002.
507. Protocol # 23 of the meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 9 July 2002.
508. Annex 1 To Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control  Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement Decision on Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 9 July 2002.
509. Annex 2 To Protocol #23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. Decision on Draft Russia-Georgia Interstate Project on Return, Development, Integration and Re-Integration of Refugees, IDPs and other Persons Suffered as a Result of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 9 July 2002.
510. Annex 3 To Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. Decision on Regulating a Registration of the JCC Meetings of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 9 July 2002.
511. Annex 4 to Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. Decision on Proposal of the European Commission. 9 July 2002.
512. Address of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement to the European Commission (EC).  9 July 2002.
513. Protocol of the meeting of the Working Group Three. 25 June 2002.
514. Joint Statement of the Twelfth Session of the Working Group One. 20 July 2002.
515. Resolution 1427 (29 July  2002) adopted by the UN Security Council.
516. Protocol of the Working Group 2 of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides. 20 July 2002.
517. Protocol # 24 of the meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 30 July 2002.
518. Annex 1 To Protocol # 24 of  the JCC Session Decision on the facts of violation of the management system of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the measures to be taken for providing efficient functioning thereof. 30 July 2002.
519. Annex 2 To Protocol # 24 of  the JCC Session. Decision on non-sanctioned flight of aircrafts over the territory of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF. 30 July 2002.
520. Statement On the Facts of Violation of The Management System of the JPKF in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and the Measures to be Taken for Providing Efficient Functioning Thereof. 30 July 2002.
521. Joint Statement of the Georgian and Abkhaz  Sides.  4 August 2002.
522. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the Fact of Bombing of the Territory of Georgia by the
        Military Forces of the Russian Federation. 26 August 2002.
523. Rezolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the fact of bombing the territory of Georgia by the military forces of the Russian federation. 26 August 2002.
524. Protocol # 25 of the session of  Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 3-4 October 2002.
525. Law of Georgia on changes and amendments to the constitution of Georgia. 10 October 2002.
526. Protocol of the meeting of the Working Group Three. 14 November 2002.

2003
526. Resolution 1462 (2003) adopted by the United Nations Security Council, 30 January 2003
527. Statement of the Parliament of Georgia. 30 January 2003.
528. Protocol # 26 of the session of the  Joint Control Commission for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 9-10 February 2003.
529. Attachment 2 To the Protocol #26 of the JCC of  Decision on the Activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces and the Interaction between the Sides’ Law Enforcement Bodies in the Zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 10 February 2003.
530. Attachment 3 To the Protocol #26 of the JCC. Decision on the information of the EC Delegation to Georgia about the EC plans for the year 2003 on implementation of rehabilitation projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 10 February 2003.
531. Attachment 4  To the Protocol #26 of the JCC. Decision on the implementation of recommendations of the VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups within the frames of the negotiation process for the full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 10 February 2003.
532. Attachment 5 To the Protocol # 26 of the JCC. Decision  of the  Joint Control Commission for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict On some organizational issues of the negotiation process on the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and their financial provision. 10 February 2003.
533. Concluding Statement  on the meetings between Mr. Vladimir Putin-President of the Russian Federation and Mr. Eduard Shevardnadze-President of Georgia. 6-7 March 2003.
534. The principles for division of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi (Boden Document). March 2003
535. Protocol # 27 meetings of Cochairmen of the JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 14-16 May 2003.
536. Annex 1 To Protocol # 27 of  the JCC Session. Decision the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement on Actions To Be Taken For Realization Of The Agreement Between The Governments Of Russian Federation And Georgia On Mutual Cooperation And Rehabilitation Of Economy In The Zone Of The Georgian-Ossetian Conflict And Return Of Refuges Dated. 23 December  2000.
537. Annex 2 To Protocol # 27 of the JCC Session. Decision On Realization of the Rehabilitation of the EC Program. 14-16 May 2003.
538. Annex 3 To Protocol # 27 of the JCC Session. Decision the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement On activities of the JPKF and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Organs in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict. 14-16 May 2003.
539. Minutes of the meeting on the issues of rehabilitation of the electroenergetic objects Enguri Power Station. 16 May 2003.
540. Protocol #28 meetings of Cochairmen of the JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 23-26 June 2003.
541. Annex 1 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session. Decision on the draft inter-state Russian-Georgian program on return, accommodation, integration and reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and actions for rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return. 23-26 June 2003.
542. Annex 2 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session. Decision on actions to be taken for realization of the Agreement between the Government of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000.
23-26 June 2003.
543. Annex 3 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session. Decision on implementation off the decision of the JCC (Annex 2 to Protocol #27 dated May 14-16 of 2003 in Gori) “on Realization of the Rehabilitation Program of the European Commission”. 23-26 June 2003.
544. Annex 4 To Protocol # 28 of the JCC Session. Decision on fulfillment of article 4 of the Agreement between the Government of Russian federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000, and article 12.2. of the Protocol 4 of the session of the Russian-Georgian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation dated December 23, 2000. 23-26 June 2003.
545. Annex 5 To Protocol # 28 of  the JCC Session. Decision on some organizational issues of the process of negotiations for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and its funding. 23-26 June 2003.
546. Protocol # 29 meetings of Cochairmen of the JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. July 14-15 2003.
547. Resolution 1494 (2003) adopted by the United Nations Security Council, on 30 July 2003
548. Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the remedies of ensuring the implementation of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. July 16 2003.
549. Statement of the Council of the Heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 19 September 2003.
550. Protocol of the meeting of co-Chairmen of the JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. October 2 2003.
551. Gali Protocol  of 8 October 2003 on reducing the tension and improving the mechanisms for security in the conflict zone. 8 October 2003.

2004
552. Protocol on the implementation of the third EC funded rehabilitation Program in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 2004 January 30.
553. Protocol of the Gali meeting on security matters . 19 January 2004.
554. Resolution 1524 (2004) adopted by the UN Security Council. 30 January 2004.
555. Protocol # 30 meetings of Co-chairmen of The JCC for Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 16 April  2004.
556. Annex 1 To Protocol # 30 of  the JCC Session. Provision on Information Bulletin of joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 16 April  2004.
557. Statement of Cochairmen of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 16 April  2004.
558. Government of Georgia on Realization of the Agreement  between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of Conflict and return of Refugees. 16 April  2004.
559. Government of Russian Federation. On Realization of the Agreement  between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of Conflict and return of Refugees. 16 April  2004.
560. Statement  of  Parliament of Georgia. 4 June 2004
561. Resolution 1554 (2004) adopted by the United Nations Security Council. 29 July 2004.
562. Statement of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation on the Situation in the Caucasus. 5 August 2004.
563. Memorandum of understanding on the third European Commission funded rehabilitation  program in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 16 September 2004.
564 Statement on the Results of the Meeting of Z. Zhvania and E. Kokoiti. 5 November 2004.
565. Protocol the 7-th meeting of Experts’ Group of authorized delegations of the sides within the negotiation process on full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. 4 October 2004.
566. Protocol # 40 of the Meeting of Co-chairmen of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 19-20 November 2004.
567. Annex to Protocol # 40 of the JCC provision on meetings of authorized Co-chairmen of the JCC. 19-20 November 2004.
568 Protocol # 40 of the Meeting of Co-chairmen of Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 19-20 November 2004.
569. Protocol # 41 of the Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. 22-23 December 2004.
570. Annex 1 to Protocol # 41 of the JCC. Statement of Co-chairmen of the JCC for the Georgian Ossetian conflict settlement. 23 December 2004.

2005
571. Protocol on commitments. 24 January 2005.
572. Resolution 1582 (2005) adopted by the UN Security Council. 28 January 2005
573 Protocol # 42  of the Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflcit Settlement. 16-17 March 2005
574. Annex to Protocol # 42 of the meeting of the JCC Co-chairs  Decesion On Realization of Previous Decision of the Joint Control Commission on Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement and on Furthering of the Process of  Regulation. 16-17 March 2005.
575. Protocol of the high level Meeting in Gali on Security Issues, 12 May 2005
576. Protocol # 43 of the Extraordinary Meeting of the Co-chairs of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 30-31 May 2005
577. Annex #2 to the Protocol # 43 of the JCC meeting  Decesion on the Activity of the JPKF in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone and on the Interaction of the Law Enforcement Agencies of the Sides. 30-31 May 2005.
578.  Protocol # 44 Of the Extraordinary Meeting of the Co-chairs of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. 22-23 June 2005
579. Annex # 1 to the JCC Protocol. cProtocol on the Results of the Meeting of the Heads of Law Enforcement Organs of the Sides. 22-23 June 2005
580.  Resolution on the Situation in Abkhazia, Georgi. 1-5 July 2005
581. Resolution 1615 (2005) adopted by the UN Security Council. 29 July 2005.
582. Resolution Of the Parliament of Georgia Regarding the Current Situation in the Conflict October 11, 2005
583. The Georgian-South Ossetian Peace Plan, Developed by the Government of Georgia. 8 November 2005
584. Senate Resolution 344 Expressing Support for the Government of Georgia’s South Ossetian Peace Plan and the Successful and Peaceful Reintegration of the Region into Georgia. December 21, 2005
585. Resolution 1656 (2006) adopted by the United Nations Security Council. 31 January 2006
586. Resolution Of The Parliament of Georgia on the Current Situation in the Former Autonomous District of South Ossetia and Ongoing Peace Process. 15 February 2006.

Annex 2 To Protocol #10 of the JCC Session dated July 23, 1999

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

The JPKF notes that the obligations on funding the works approved in accordance with the Agreement concluded between the Governments of Russia and Georgia on economic rehabilitation of the regions in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict dated September 14, 1993 (in the total amount of 34,2 billion Rubles with the prices as of June 15, 1992) have not been fully implemented. Take into consideration the statement of the parties about the fact that the Russian party allocated 19,1 billion Rubles, which was equivalent to 4,46 billion US Dollars, while the Georgian party allocated 2,4 million lari, which was equivalent to 1,92 million US Dollars.

The JCC resolved:

1. Apply to the Governments of Russia and Georgia with the request to continue funding of the works on economic rehabilitation of the regions in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

2. Approve the text of the draft agreement concluded between the Governments of Russia and Georgia in on the rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees (attached).

3. Ask the Governments of Russia and Georgia to consider the issue regarding signing the stated agreement on the third session of the Inter-state Russian and Georgian Commissions on the issues of economic cooperation.

4. The parties shall establish a workgroup for the purpose of final agreement on the draft inter-state program of economic rehabilitation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Prior to November 10, 1999, present the above-noted draft program for approval to the heads of the parts of the JCC for the purpose of its further consideration and approval by the Governments of Russia and Georgia, in accordance with the inter-state procedures.

5. The parties shall present information on the process of implementation of the decisions of the ninth and tenth sessions of the JCC at the next session of the JCC.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 4 To Protocol #10 of the JCC Session dated July 23, 1999

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT ETTLEMENTS On Participation of Representatives of the European Commission in the Works of the JCC in the Form of Observers During the Discussions about the Economic Issues.

In connection with the proposal of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia about the participation of representatives of the European Commission in the work of the JCC in the form of observers during discussions about the economic issues,

The JCC resolved:

Agree with the proposal of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia about the participation of representatives of the European Commission in the work of the JCC in the form of observers during discussions about the economic issues.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and the UN

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 5 To Protocol #10 of the JCC Session dated July 23, 1999

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Indexation and Payment of Deposits to the Population of the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

Taking into account the hard material (financial) condition of the population in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, especially of veterans, 1st group invalids, and the situation that pursuant to the Order of President of Georgia, E. Shevardnadze, the indexation and payment to the above-noted category has already taken place in Georgia,

The JCC resolved:

Ask the Government of Georgia to find some sources for conducting indexation and payment of deposits to veterans and 1st group invalids in the zone of conflict.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex To Protocol #10 of the JCC Session dated July 23, 1999

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On establishment of the workgroup on settlement the problem of land-utilization on contiguous territories in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict

Taking into account the disagreement on the issues of land utilization on contiguous territories in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, resolution of which requires participation of relevant government organs of the parties, the JCC recommends the Georgian and South Ossetian parties, with the participation of the JPKF ad the OSCE, to establish a workgroup for settlement of the problem of land utilization on contiguous territories in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

On behalf of the Russian side On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 7 To Protocol #10 of the JCC Session dated July 23, 1999

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

On cargo transportation through itineraries between inhabited localities on the South Ossetian territory

At the present time, cargo transportation through the itineraries between inhabited localities and the South Ossetian territory is subject to customs examination and levying of other taxes at the Georgian customs posts located on the roads where cargo moves.

Taking into account the importance of cargo transportation for the life support of the inhabited localities, the JCC resoles:

Ask the Government of Georgia to consider the possibility of setting simplified regime of admission of national cargo transported between inhabited localities on the South Ossetian territory without customs examination and levying other taxes when having accompanying documents formed according to the set procedures.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1255 (30 JULY 1999) ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCEL

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1225 (1999) of 28 January 1999, and the statement of its President of 7 May 1999 (S/PRST/1999/11),

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 20 July 1999 (S/1999/805),

Noting the letter of the President of Georgia to the Secretary-General dated 19 July 1999 (S/1999/809, annex),

Stressing that, notwithstanding positive developments on some issues, the lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Deeply concerned at the continuing volatile situation in the conflict zone, welcoming in this regard the important contributions that the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) continue to make in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, noting that the working relationship between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping force has been good at all levels, and stressing the importance of continuing and increasing close cooperation and coordination between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon summit of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (S/1997/57, annex) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Reaffirming the necessity for the parties strictly to respect human rights, and expressing its support for the efforts of the Secretary-General to find ways to improve their observance as an integral part of the work towards a comprehensive political settlement,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 20 July 1999;

2. Demands that the parties to the conflict widen and deepen their commitment to the United Nations-led peace process, continue to expand their dialogue and contacts at all levels and display without delay the necessary will to achieve substantial results on the key issues of the negotiations;

3. Strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE to promote the stabilization of the situation and to give new impetus to the negotiations within the United Nations-led peace process in order to achieve a comprehensive political settlement, and commends the tireless efforts of the retiring Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Liviu Bota, in carrying out his mandate;

4. Emphasizes, in this context, that the readiness and ability of the international community to assist the parties depend on their political will to resolve the conflict through dialogue and mutual accommodation and on their acting in good faith to implement promptly concrete measures towards bringing about a comprehensive political settlement of the conflict;

5. Underlines the necessity for the parties to achieve an early and comprehensive political settlement, which includes a settlement on the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, which fully respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and supports the intention of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, in close cooperation with the Russian Federation, in its capacity as facilitator, the OSCE and the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General, to continue to submit proposals for the consideration of the parties on the distribution of constitutional competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi as part of a comprehensive settlement;

6. Considers unacceptable and illegitimate the holding of self-styled elections in Abkhazia, Georgia;

7. Expresses its continuing concern at the situation of refugees and displaced persons, in particular those resulting from the hostilities of May 1998, reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict and the imprescriptible right of all refugees and displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure conditions in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 on the voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons (S/1994/397, annex II), and calls upon the parties to address this issue urgently by agreeing and implementing effective measures to guarantee the security of those who exercise their unconditional right to return;

8. Welcomes, in this context, the efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to facilitate, as a first step, the safe return of refugees and displaced persons to the Gali region, and emphasizes, in this regard, that the lasting return of the refugees cannot be ensured without concrete results from the bilateral dialogue between the parties which produce the necessary security and legal guarantees;

9. Takes note with appreciation of the agreements reached at the meetings of 16-18 October 1998 and 7-9 June 1999, hosted respectively by the Governments of Greece and Turkey, aimed at building confidence, improving security and developing cooperation, and calls upon the parties to enhance their efforts to implement those decisions in an effective and comprehensive manner, notably at the prospective meeting in Yalta at the invitation of the Government of Ukraine;

10. Demands that both sides observe strictly the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I), and takes note with appreciation, in this context, of the substantial progress reported towards setting up a joint investigation mechanism for violations of the Agreement, as well as of the greater restraint exercised by the parties along the line of separation of forces;

11. Condemns the ongoing activities by armed groups, which endanger the civilian population, impede the work of the humanitarian organizations and seriously delay the normalization of the situation in the Gali region, reiterates its concern regarding the security of UNOMIG, welcomes the implementation of measures in this regard and requests the Secretary-General to keep the security of UNOMIG under constant review;

12. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2000, subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force;

13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

14. Expresses its intention to conduct a thorough review of the operation at the end of its current mandate, in the light of steps taken by the parties to achieve a comprehensive settlement;

15. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

DECREE ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION on declaring certain earlier Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation no longer valid

The Government of the Russian Federation hereby decrees:

1. To declare below decrees the listed of the Government of the Russian Federation no longer valid. The Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation shall notify Georgia about the adopted decision.

2. The State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation are to take appropriate measures towards preparation of checkpoints “Adler-motorway” and “Adler-railway”.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V. Putin

9 September 1999

 

List of Decrees issued by the Government of the Russian Federation no longer Valid:

1. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994, No. 1394 “On measures on temporary restriction of the crossing of the State border of the Russian Federation with the Azerbaijan Republic and the Republic of Georgia”.

2. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 27 December 1994, #1419 “On lifting ce­­rtain restrictions proposed under the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 #1394 “On measures on temporary limitation of the crossing of the State border of the Russian Federation with the Azerbaijan Republic and the Republic of Georgia”.

3. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 7 July 1995, No. 707 “On lifting certain restriction within the Krasnodar Region of crossing the State border of the Russian Federation with Georgia proposed under the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 No 1394”…

4. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 26 August 1995, No. 840 “On partial amendment of the Decree issued by the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 No 1394 “On measures on temporary restriction of the crossing of the State border of the Russian Federation with the Azerbaijan Republic and the Republic of Georgia”…

6. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 14 March 1997, No. 316 “On lifting the restrictions proposed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19 December 1994 No 1394 “On measures on temporary limitation of the crossing of the State border of the Russian Federation with the Azerbaijan Republic and the Republic of Georgia”…

9 September 1999

(Collection of the Legal Acts of the RF, M., 1999, # 38, p. 8634- 8635)

 

 

ACT on the National Independence of the Republic of Abkhazia

Abkhaz Statehood counts over 12 centuries of history. For centuries the people of Abkhazia have had to struggle to preserve their independence.

With the start of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the people of Abkhazia have intensified their struggle for the lost State independence. The adoption on 25th August 1990 of the “Declaration of State Sovereignty” by the Supreme Council of Abkhazia was a first step to its restoration. The disruption of state-legal relations between Abkhazia and Georgia initiated by the Georgian authorities and the subsequent Abkhaz-Georgian war of 1992-1993 resulted in the independence of Abkhazia both de facto and de jure.

The Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia, adopted by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia on 26th November 1994, laid the legal basis to the already established the independent State - the Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny).

On 3 October 1999 a referendum was held to determine the attitude of citizens to the current Constitution. On the day of referendum there lived 219,534 citizens on the territory of Abkhazia eligible to vote, i.e. 58.5% of the pre-war number of electors. 87.6% of the registered electors took part in the referendum, which comprised more than half of the pre-war number of electors. 97.7% of them approved the Constitution currently in force.

In accordance of the Constitution and the Law of the Republic of Abkhazia on Referendum, democratic rule shall lay the ground of the state authority in the Republic of Abkhazia; the people shall exercise their power either directly by means of referendum or through their representatives. In this way the people of Abkhazia have reaffirmed their determination to pursue to the building of a sovereign, democratic State functioning in accordance with law, a subject of international law, and to seek its recognition by the international community.

The rights and freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, On Civil and Political Rights and other universally recognized international legal acts are among the most fundamental principles of the Constitutional system of the Republic of Abkhazia.

The Republic of Abkhazia intends to build up its relations with other States on the basis of equality, peace, good-neighbourly relations, respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and other universally recognized principles of political, economic and cultural cooperation between States.

Proceeding from the aforementioned, we appeal to the UN, the OSCE, and to all States of the world to recognize the independent State established by the people of Abkhazia on the basis of the right of nations to free self-determination.

President of the Republic of Abkhazia V. Ardzinba

Speaker of the People’s Assembly of the Republic of Abkhazia S. Jinjolia

Deputies of the People’s Assembly of the Republic of Abkhazia

Sukhumi, 12 October 1999

(www.apsny.org)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND GEORGIAThe Russian Federation and Georgia,

Being guided by articles of 14.2.3 and 14.2.7 of the Decision of the Joint Consultative Group on adaptation of Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) of March 30 1999,

Reaffirming their intention to fully implement provisions stipulated in the adapted Treaty on CFE,

Seeking to promote the process of development and strengthening of cooperative relations between the Russian Federation and Georgia,

Reached an agreement on the following:

1. The Russian Federation commits itself to reduce, no later than December 31, 2000, the level of its conventional forces, deployed on the territory of Georgia, so that total number of armaments shall not exceed 153 tanks, 241 combat infantry vehicles (CIV), AND 140 artillery systems.

2. No later than December 31, 2000 the Russian Federation shall withdraw its military equipment and weaponry from the Russian military bases deployed in Vaziani, Gudauta and repair utilities located in Tbilisi.

The Russian military bases located in Gudauta and Vaziani shall be disbanded and withdrawn from the territory of Georgia no later than July 1, 2001.

Within the same time-framework, an issue related to utilization, including joint utilization of the remained military objects and infrastructure of disbanded military bases shall be resolved.

3. The Georgian Side undertakes to grant the Russian Side a right of temporary deployment of its military equipment in the military bases in Batumi and Akhalkalaki.

4. The Georgian Side shall promote the process of creation of necessary conditions for reduction and withdrawal of Russian armed forces. In this regard, the Parties express the readiness of OSCE member-States to render financial support to that process.

5. Within 2000, the Parties shall complete the negotiation process on time-terms of withdrawal and pattern of functioning of military bases located in Batumi and Akhalkalaki and other military utilities on the territory of Georgia.

Istanbul, 17 November 1999

(Abkhaz Issue in Official Documents, part II, p. 332)

 

 

FROM THE DECLARATION OF THE OSCE ISTANBUL SUMMIT

15. Reaffirming our strong support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia, we stress the need for solving the conflicts with regard to the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia and Abkhazia, Georgia, particularly by defining the political status of these regions within Georgia. Respect for human rights and development of joint democratic institutions as well as the prompt, safe and unconditional return of refugees and internally displaced persons will contribute to peaceful settlement of these conflicts. We underscore the importance of taking concrete steps in this direction. We welcome progress reached at this Summit Meeting in the Georgian-Russian negotiations on the reduction of Russian military equipment in Georgia.

16. With regard to the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia, some progress has been made towards solving the conflict. We emphasize the importance of maintaining and intensifying the dialogue, which is now under way. In light of further progress, we believe that an early meeting in Vienna, with participation of experts from this region, should be used to take decisive steps towards a solution. The establishment by the parties concerned of a legal framework for refugee and internally displaced persons housing and property restitution will facilitate the early return of refugees and internally displaced persons to the region. We also urge the early signing of the Georgian-Russian economic rehabilitation agreement and encourage further international economic assistance.

17. We continue to support the leading role of the United Nations in Abkhazia, Georgia. We emphasize the importance of breaking the current deadlock with regard to finding a peaceful solution to the conflict. In this respect we - and in particular those of us who belong to the Friends of the United Nations Secretary-General - are ready to work with the United Nations to prepare and submit a draft document addressing the distribution of constitutional competencies between the central authorities of Georgia and authorities of Abkhazia, Georgia. We reiterate our strong condemnation as formulated in the Budapest and Lisbon Summit Documents, of the “ethnic cleansing” resulting in mass destruction and forcible expulsion of predominantly Georgian population in Abkhazia, Georgia, and of the violent acts in May 1998 in the Gali region. In light of the precarious situation of the returnees, we recommend that a fact-finding mission with the participation of the OSCE and the United Nations be dispatched early next year to the Gali region to assess, inter alia, reported cases of continued “ethnic cleansing”. Such a mission would provide a basis for increased international support for the unconditional and safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons and contribute to the general stability in the area. We consider the so-called presidential elections and referendum in Abkhazia, Georgia, this year as unacceptable and illegitimate.

Istanbul, 19 November 1999

(www.osce.org)

 

 

DECREE ISSUED BY THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on Recognition of the Mandate of the Members of the Parliament of Georgia

Having discussed the motion of the Ad Hoc Mandate Commission of the Parliament of Georgia, the Parliament of Georgia decrees:

1. To recognize the mandate of 221 members of the Parliament of Georgia elected on 31 October, 7 and 14 November of 1999

2. In accordance with article 59 of the organic law of Georgia on “Elections to the Parliament of Georgia”, to endorse the mandate of members of Parliament elected from Abkhazia during the elections to the Parliament of Georgia in 1992. Within three month, the competent committee of the Parliament of Georgia must prepare draft resolution on the members of Parliament elected from Abkhazia. At the same time, in accordance with paragraph 2 of article 52 of the Constitution of Georgia, to consider valid a draft resolution of the Parliament of Georgia issued on 10 September 1999 with regard to B.Kakubava -a member of the Parliament of Georgia.

3. This Decree shall come into effect immediately upon publication.

Chairman of the first Session of the newly elected Parliament of Georgia I. Kharatishvili

20 November 1999

(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublica”, # # 316-317, November 21 1999)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

The parliament of Georgia expresses surprise and indignity with the statement made by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia on December 21, 1999. The official authorities in Moscow have already repeatedly made absolutely unjustified accusations against Georgia. hey blamed Georgia of equipping with weapons and assisting financially the Chechen side that does not correspond to the reality rementation

The Georgian side has several times confirmed its readiness to receive the observers from the Russian Federation at the Chechen stretch of the Russian-Georgian border so that Government of the Russian Federation aforementioned turned out to be unacceptable for the Russian side, as its actual goal was the usage of the territory of Georgia like the bridgehead for Georgia, as to the independent and Sovereign State. Such an action would have caused the expansion of the seat of war to the territory of Georgia and the involvement of Georgia and the whole South Caucasus in the military operations.

It’s groundless to declare that the OSCE mission has identified the presence of the Chechen fighters on the territory of Georgia. Actually none of such facts have been mentioned in the OSCE reports.

The accusation of Russia that the Representative of the Republic of Ichkerya Mr. Khizry Aldamov receives top level treatment by the Georgian Governmental officials does not answer the realty. In this regard it would be bizarre to speak about this whereas Mr. Akhba, the permanent representative of the separatist regime of Abkhazia, has regular meetings and consultations with high rank officials of the Russian Government.

Georgia recognizes the territorial integrity of Russia, does not intervene in Russia1s internal affairs and respect its sovereignty. This has been confirmed many times, in particular, by the unilateral ratification of the Framework Treaty between Russia and Georgia.

Georgia recognizes the necessity to fight against terrorism and aggressive separatism and believes that adequate measures must be taken to this purpose as it is impossible to eradicate terrorism by the full-scale military operation which brings suffering mostly to the peaceful population.

Georgia respects the fundamentals of the modern International Humanitarian Law and despite the presence of more than 300 thousand IDPs in the country, it has to receive the citizens of Russia who have fled from the conflict zone. The absolute majority of the refugees are women and children. In addition, the Georgian side suspects that Russian side artificially masterminded the flow of refugees from Chechnya in order to create an additional seat of instability in Georgia.

The Parliament of Georgia considers that the groundless mentioning of the name of the international terrorist Ben Laden in the context of Georgia is meant to mislead the world society and to create a negative public opinion about Georgia seem embarrassing, whereas Russia protects Igor Giorgadze, suspect in the terrorist attack on the President of Georgia, and systematically offers him the different means of media.

The aforementioned is one more vivid confirmation of double standards of Russian policy towards Georgia though Georgia is committed to its consistent policy towards the Russian Federation. The creation and inspiration, as well as political-military support of aggressive separatism in Abkhazia is the "best' example of double standard Russian policy.

The Parliament of Georgia considers all accusations leveled by Russia as absurd ones and remonstrates against those aggressive actions committed against Georgia under the pretext of the solution of the conflict in Chechnya-regular violation of the Georgian air space by the Russian aviation, bombing of the sovereign Georgia, anti-Georgian hysteria in Russian Mass Media-only feeds further deterioration of the Russian-Georgian relations and deepens the existing gap between Moscow and Tbilisi.

The Parliament of Georgia regards the recent anti-Georgian actions, among them the aforementioned statement made by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of Russia, as attempts to lay ground for destabilization not only in Georgia, but in the whole South Caucasus. The information available to the Georgian Government, as well as the statement of a high-rank Russian General Victor Kazantsev made on 21 December in Mozdoc about the possible terrorist acts against the top Georgian officials, leads to the same conclusion.

The Parliament of Georgia expresses its firm protest regarding the statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia and hopes that the Russian Authorities will not spare efforts to stamp out the anti-Georgian campaign, therefore making constructive and equal relationship between the two neighboring countries possible. Otherwise, the Parliament of Georgia declares that the authorities of Russian Federation will bear full responsibility for further deterioration of relations between Russia and Georgia.

Tbilisi, 24 December, 1999

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

 

 

2000

PROTOCOL OF THE 9TH SESSION OF THE COORDINATING COUNCIL OF THE GEORGIANAND ABKHAZ SIDES

9th session of the Coordinating Council, founded on the basis of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides November 1997 Geneva Meeting’s Final Declaration, took place in Tbilisi on January 18-19 2000 under the auspices of the UN Organization and Chairmanship of the special representative of the UN Secretary-General Mr. Dieter Boden and with participation of the Representatives of the Russian Federation as a facilitating side, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the states of the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General - Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and France as observers.

The Head of the Georgian delegation was Mr. Vazha Lordkipanidze.

The Head of the Abkhazian delegation was Mr. Vyacheslav Tsugba.

When opening the session, the special representative of the UN Secretary General said that the present meeting took place on the eve of such important political events as the session of the UN Security Council and the CIS Summit, where would be discussing the issues of the conflict settlement. He emphasized that the conflict settlement required permanent dialogue and effective usage of all the negotiation tools, including the Coordinating the Coordinating Council.

The following items were included in the agenda:

1. The issues on adherence to the cease-fire and problems of security.

2. Refugees and Internally Displaced People (IDPs).

3. Economic and Social Problems.

4. Miscellaneous.

The Sides adopted a declaration.

The representatives of the Russian Federation as a facilitating side, the OSCE and states, the states of the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary took part in the discussion. The information, distributed by the acting Head of the UNOMIG and the Head of the CIS Peacekeeping Forces about the situation in the conflict zone stated that the situation was relatively quiet.

During the session the sides agreed and signed the Minutes on the joint group on reveal and investigation of the facts of breach of Moscow agreement of May 1994 and other politically motivated illegal actions (attached).

The Council adopted the following decisions:

1. The sides shall discuss on 8 February 2000 and fix the specific date of re-burial of the Georgians’ remains from Babushera (statement is attached).

2. To entrust working group #1 to elaborate and submit to the Coordinating Council proposals on establishment of mechanisms for the settlement of hostage problems from both sides.

3. To approve the decision of the working group # 3 regarding the operation of Enguri power station.

4. Sides shall resume the negotiations under the UN auspices and facilitation of the Russian Federation on the projects of peace agreements and guarantees for prevention of the armed conflicts and Minutes on return of refugees to Gali region and the measures for the economic revival.

5. To confirm the deliberation for the next meeting of the sides and ask the special representative of the UN Secretary General to conduct the necessary work for the preparation of such meeting, taking into account the confidence building measures made by UNOMIG. The gratitude was expressed to the Government of Ukraine for offering Yalta as the place for such meeting.

6. To convene the next 10th session of Coordinating Council in the second half of April 2000.

18-19 January 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL ON THE JOINT GROUP (JG) on detection and investigation of the facts of violation of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 and on the politically motivated unlawful activities

1. legal basis

1. 1. Agreement on a Cease-fire and separation of Forces signed in Moscow on 14 May 1994 (Moscow Agreement)

1. 2. Decision of the 5th Session of the Coordinating Council (paragraph 2), held on 2 September 1998.

1. 3. The First Working Group of the Coordinating Council on non-resumption of armed activities and security issues is responsible to set up and run the JG, can be convened by the Head Military observer of the UNOMIG on behalf of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General.

1. 4. This Protocol is aimed at elaborating the procedures for functioning of the JG. It is meant that the basic principle will be immediate detection and investigation of the fact and circumstances of the incident.

1. 5. All members of the JG shall refrain themselves from the activity that is not in compliance with the nature and tasks of work.

2. Composition

2. 1. JG comprises of the nominated representatives of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides (3 from each) and the representatives of the UNOMIG and CPKF of the CIS.

2. 2. The verification shall be started with participation of the sides’ representatives and the representative of the side where incident took place must be present.

The refusal of the side in the process of verification shall be discussed at and adequately assessed by the session of the Coordinating Council.

2. 3. The report on the results of verification shall describe the reasons of absence of the side, which didn’t participate in the process of verification.

2. 4. The person in a highest position at the UNOMIG is the head of the JG.

3. Competences.

3. 1. The Joint Group will investigate the facts of violation of the Moscow Agreement of 14 may 1994, subversive and terrorist acts, as well as unlawful conduct against the peaceful population.

Presence of the political motivation of subversive and terrorist acts, as well as of unlawful conduct against the peaceful civilians will be determined by the JG in the report of the Principal Military observer of the UNOMIG based on the decision taken through the consensus.

3. 2. After receiving the declaration on the facts of violation of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994, the JG exercises its competences in the Security zone and in the restricted-weapon Zone, and the declaration on political motivation of the subversive and terrorist acts, as well as unlawful conduct against the peaceful civilians- in the Security Zones.

3. 3. The Joint Group submits the recommendations to the Coordinating Councel and to the Sides on possible means to prevent the further incidents.

4.Convocation.

4. 1. The Chief Military observer of the UNOMIG convenes the JG when necessary and upon the request of any side of the conflict or CPKF of the CIS.

4. 2. The member of the JG shall inform the PMO UNOMIG about the nature of the incident.

4. 3. Upon the receipt of the declaration the PMO UNOMIG, if necessary, taken measures to convene the members of the JG at the scene of incident.

5. Communication and interaction.

5. 1. The Sides-member of this Protocol shall submit the written approval on assignment of the Group members within 7 days after the signing of the protocol.

5. 2. The Sides-member of this Protocol shall nominate liaison officers to keep contact and those who could be involved in the operation of the JG.

5. 3. The law-enforcement agencies of the side where the incident took place shall protect the incident scene in coordination with the CPKF of the CIS and UNOMIG before arrival of the JG.

If the SPFK of the CIS or the UNOMIG recceive the information regarding an incident before law-enforcement agencies of the sides, they shall protect the scene of incident and

potencial evidence with further notification of local authorities.

6. Functioning of the JG

6. 1. The appointed members of the JG shall enjoy the authority on free movement to the place of incident.

6. 2. The Joint Group comes to the incident scene in order to collect the information that may include photos, drawings and interview of eyewitnesses.

6. 3. CPKF of the CIS in coordination with the representatives of the Side shall assure the security of the JG members while they are attending the incident scene.

6. 4. The UNOMIG shall provide English interpreter for the work of the JG.

6. 5. The conclusions and recommendations of the JG shall be reflected in the written report. The report shall be submitted to the UNOMIG and all the JG members approve the accuracy of the report upon its completion.

If any of the JG member doesn’t agree with the prepared report, after signing the report by other members, she/he shall give detailed written explanation of the disagreement together with alternative conclusions.

7. Conclusions

7. 1. The original of the written report shall be forwarded to the PMO UNOMIG and to the Coordinating Council for further discussion.

From the Georgian Side V. Lordkipanidze

From the Abkhaz Side V. Tsugba

From the UNOMIG D. Boden

From the CPKF of the CIS S. Korobko

19 January 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE STATE COMMISSIONS OF ABKHAZIA AND GEORGIA on Search for those Persons Missing without Missing

Expressing their readiness for close cooperation and aiming at speeding up the process of search for those persons missing without trace from both sides, representatives of the State Commissions of Abkhazia and Georgia have agreed upon the following:

1. On February 8, 2000 the Parties shall discuss and determine time-table for reburial of the remains of Georgians perished in Babushera.

2. Simultaneously with this process, the Georgian side shall submit the map of burial places of those Abkhazs missing without trace.

3. The Commissions of both parties are concerned due to the situation established around the problem of hostages, and against the background of the situation, continuation of the work of the Commissions is impossible. In this regard, the Commission appeals to the Coordination Council with a request of rendering support in terms of speedy release of the hostages.

4. With regard to the huge problems facing the Parties in identification of remains of those perished, the State Commissions appeal to the Coordination Council, to the group of friends of the UN Secretary General, as well as to the International Committee of Red Cross, to other international humanitarian organizations to render technical assistance. Solution of this extremely difficult issue would contribute to easing the pain and suffering of hundreds of mothers waiting for their sons.

On behalf of the Abkhaz Side Mr. Otar Kakalia

On behalf of the Georgian Side Mr. Avtandil Ioseliani

19 January 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1287 (31 January 2000) Adopted by the UN Security Council

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1255 (1999) of 30 July 1999, and the statement of its President of 12 November 1999 (S/PRST/1999/30),

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 19 January 2000

(S/2000/39),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Stressing that the lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Welcoming the results of the ninth session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides held under the chairmanship of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, with the participation of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator and of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, in Tbilisi on 18 and 19 January 2000, in particular the signing by the parties of the protocol establishing a mechanism for joint investigation of violations of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I) and other violent incidents in the zone of conflict, and their decision to renew negotiations under United Nations auspices and with the facilitation of the Russian Federation on the draft agreement on peace and guarantees for the prevention of armed confrontations and on the preparation of a draft of a new protocol on the return of refugees to the Gali region and measures to restore the economy,

Welcoming the decision on further measures for the settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, adopted by the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1999 (S/2000/52), 00-27043 (E),

Deeply concerned that, although currently calm, the general situation in the conflict zone remains volatile,

Welcoming and encouraging efforts by the United Nations to sensitize peacekeeping personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases in all its peacekeeping operations,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Welcoming the important contributions that the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) continue to make in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, noting that the working relationship between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping force has been good at all levels, and stressing the importance of continuing and increasing close cooperation and coordination between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 19 January 2000;

2. Encourages the parties to seize the opportunity of the appointment of a new Special Representative of the Secretary-General to renew their commitment to the peace process;

3. Strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which includes a settlement on the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

4. Reiterates its call for the parties to the conflict to deepen their commitment to the United Nations-led peace process, continue to expand their dialogue, and display without delay the necessary will to achieve substantial results on the key issues of the negotiations, in particular on the distribution of constitutional competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi as part of a comprehensive settlement, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders;

5. Reiterates also that it considers unacceptable and illegitimate the holding of self-styled elections and referendum in Abkhazia, Georgia;

6. Calls upon the parties to continue to enhance their efforts to implement fully the confidence-building measures on which they agreed at the Athens and Istanbul meetings of 16-18 October 1998 and 7-9 June 1999 respectively, and recalls the invitation of the Government of Ukraine to host a third meeting aimed at building confidence, improving security and developing cooperation between the parties;

7. Reaffirms the necessity for the parties strictly to respect human rights, and supports the efforts of the Secretary-General to find ways to improve their observance as an integral part of the work towards a comprehensive political settlement;

8. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict and the imprescriptible right of all refugees and displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II), and calls upon the parties to address this issue urgently by agreeing and implementing effective measures to guarantee the security of those who exercise their unconditional right to return, including those who have already returned;

9. Demands that both sides observe strictly the Moscow Agreement;

10. Welcomes UNOMIG keeping its security arrangements under constant review in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

11. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2000, subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force, and expresses its intention to conduct a thorough review of the operation at the end of its current mandate, in the light of stepstaken by the parties to achieve a comprehensive settlement;

12. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

13. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE SUKHUMI MEETING BETWEEN THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES on the Implementation of the Protocol of 24 September 1998 and Other Measures Aimed at Stabilization of the Situation in the Security zones and Limited Weaponry

In accordance with an Agreement of 14 May 1994, Statement of 14 August of 1997, Protocol of 25 May 1998, Protocol of 24 September 1998, and Protocol of 21 December 1998, during this period the Parties have fulfilled a number of pledged commitments.

Namely, point 2 of the Protocol of 21 September 1998 on clarification of the demarcation line in villages of Nabakevi - Khurcha and Otobaia - Gamakhuri between the armed formations of the sides to the conflict has been fulfilled.

In accordance with point 3 of this Protocol, permanent operative communication between the heads of Zugdidi and Gali Administrations are kept.

In addition, on 19 January 2000 the Sides to the conflict signed in Tbilisi a Protocol on establishment of a joint group on investigation of the politically motivated crimes. The group has started its activities.

However, the operative situation in the security zones and limited weaponry remains rather tense. There are a lot of cases of subversive activities and terrorist acts. In most cases, the victims of these illegal activities are law enforcement officers and civilian population.

The practice of taking hostages has become commonplace.

The point 1 of the Protocol of 24 September 1998, according to which the Parties were obliged to reduce their military presence in the security zones and limited weaponry to the number, laid down in the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 has not been implemented.

All the aforementioned constitute a serious threat of the resumption of confrontation between the parties.

Acting in the spirit of signed agreements on refusal to use force or threat of use of force, the Parties have agreed on the following:

1. Based on the point 1 of the Protocol of 24 January 1998, the Parties, together with the CIS Peace-Keeping Forces and the UNOMIG, commit themselves to calculate within a month the number of military personnel and weaponry in the security zones and limited weaponry and bring it down to the level agreed before and shall not allow the further exceed.

2. The Parties, together with the CIS Peace-Keeping Forces and the UNOMIG shall undertake within a month all appropriate measures to withdraw from the zones of security and limited weaponry all illegal armed groups and individuals.

3. Within two-month term the Parties shall release all the hostages taken by the armed formation from December 1999 to January 2000.

Within the same time limit the Georgian side shall transfer to the Abkhaz side the bodies the individuals perished on 25 January 2000.

4. The Parties undertake to realize the point 3 of the Protocol of 21 December 1998 on the establishment of permanent telephone “hotline” between the heads of the Gali and Zugdidi Administration and between the field commanders acting in the security zones and limited weaponry, and in conformity with the point 4 of the same Protocol to settle the issue of rotation of armed formations dislocated along the dividing line.

5. Pursuant to the Gagra Protocol of 25 May 1998 the Parties commit themselves to undertake all necessary measures to prevent penetration of criminal armed formations and individuals into the security zones and limited weaponry.

6. In order to guarantee the implementation of the provisions of this Protocol, the Parties commit themselves to maintain permanent connection and if necessary, to undertake joint measures.

From the Georgian Side Mr. V. Lordkipanidze

From the Abkhaz Side Mr. V. Tsugba

From the UN Mr. D. Boden

From the CIS Peace- Keeping Forces Mr. S. Korobko

3 February 2000

(Newspaper “Respublica Abkhazia”,# 14, 9-10 February 2000)


PROTOCOL OF CONSULTATIVE MEETENG OF EXPERTS OF GEORGIAN AND RUSSIAN SIDES on Introduction of Visa Regime between Georgia and the Russian Federation

On 18-20 April 2000 a preparatory consultative meeting between the experts of Georgian and Russian Sides on the issue of introduction between Georgia and the Russian Federation took place in Tbilisi.

During the meeting, the following issues have been discussed:

- The compliance of draft of legal acts submitted to the Georgian side “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Executive Authorities of Georgia on Mutual Trips of Citizens” and “Protocol between the Government of Russian Federation and Executive Authorities of Georgia on Simplified Patterns of the Russian-Georgian Border for Citizens Living in the Adjacent to the Border Territories” with the “Agreement on Vise-Free Movement of Citizens of the CIS Member—States on the whole Territory of Commonwealth of Independent States” - signed on 9 October 1992 in Bishkek;

- The problems related to visa provision for servicemen of the Russian Federation and members of their families temporarily residing on the territory of Georgia;

- Practical implementation of provisions of the aforementioned drafts of the Agreement and the Protocol in the zones of conflict on the territory of Georgia and in the regions of anti-terrorist operation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

As a result of exchange of points of view, the Sides fixed the following positions:

1. The Georgian Side considers that introduction of the visa regime between the two States runs counter to the “Agreement on Visa-Free Movement of Citizens of the CIS Member—States on the whole Territory of Commonwealth of Independent States” - signed on 9 October 1992 in Bishkek and the Vienna Convention “On the Right of International Agreements” and shall not contribute to development of relations between the two States and integration process within the Commonwealth of Independent States. At the same time, respecting the right of the Russian Federation to initiate this issue, the Georgian Side asks the Russian Federation to provide information with regard the legal compliance of the draft Agreement with the aforementioned international-legal documents.

The Georgian Side considers that the existing legal basis does not allow to fully implement all the necessary measures in terms of protection of legitimate rights and interests of the two States and their citizens within the framework of the visa-free regime.

The Russian Side, bearing in mind substantial violations on the part of the Georgian Side some provisions of bilateral and multi-lateral agreements and treaties, and the sheer necessity to activate anti-terrorist struggle, illegal migration and organized crime, as well as an idea of introduction of visa regime put forward by the Georgian Side (namely by Mr. R.Adamia and Mr. V. Chkeidze) insists on starting comprehensive negotiation on introduction of visa regime between the Russian Federation and Georgia. The Russian Side believes that introduction of visa regime shall contribute to positive development of bilateral relations.

The Georgian Side underlines that as a mere response on the part of Mr. R. Adamia and Mr. V. Chkeidze to a statement of Mr. Seleznev, in which he called upon the Government of the Russian Federation to close the border between the two States, neither the statement of Mr. Adamia and Mr. Chkeidze, nor statement of Mr. Seleznev, are not tantamount to the official positions of the Sides.

In addition, the Georgian Side cannot agree to allegations that it has committed any substantial violations of international law and points out that the aforementioned arguments put forward by Russian representatives, cannot be used as feasible reasons for introduction of a visa regime.

2. The Georgia Side expressed its point of view that in case of introduction of visa regime between the Sides, the Russian servicemen and members of their families must be subject to the same rules and regulations as other foreigners and doe not see any ground and rational to grant some privileges to this category of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The Russian side disagreed with the aforementioned stance of the Georgian side and based on the fact of temporary presence of this category of Russian citizens on the territory of Georgia, defined by the Agreement concluded between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Defense of Georgia in 1992 on coordination of activities aimed at guaranteeing security of military units of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Republic of Georgia, and considers it necessary to maintain non-visa regime for that category of citizens of the Russian Federation.

In case of introduction of visa regime, the pattern of entry of Russian servicemen and their family members can be regulated by the offered draft Agreement on bilateral trips of citizens of the Russian Federation and Georgia, that has been submitted to the Georgian side.

Meanwhile, the Russian Side informed that in the nearest future those Russian servicemen and their families who are on the territory of Georgia would be provided with service passports of the Russian Federation.

In case if the Georgian side insists on necessity for the Russian servicemen to get visa, the Russian side is going to review the article 3 of the draft Agreement.

3. The Georgian Side believes that the existence of only one check point along the state border between Georgia and the Russian Federation and the absence of bilateral control over zones of conflict adjacent to the state border between the Russian Federation and Georgia will not allow the Sides to fully implement goals and objectives of introduction of visa regime offered by the Russian Side.

The Russian Side declared about the possibility of securing proper control over crossing of the Georgian-Russian border by citizens of the two States in conformity with the “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Executive Authorities of Georgia on Mutual Trips of Citizens” and “Protocol between the Government of Russian Federation and Executive Authorities of Georgia on Simplified Patterns of the Russian-Georgian Border for Citizens Living in the Adjacent to the Border Territories”. In addition, the Russian Side declared its readiness to carry out negotiations on opening of additional check points in order to secure easier crossing of Georgian-Russian border by the population living in adjacent to the border territories.

The Russian Side insistently requests the Georgian Side to respond, as soon as possible, to the draft Agreement and draft Protocol that have been submitted to the Georgian Side previously.

The Consultative meeting, according to both sides, has been held in the atmosphere of frankness and good will. The Sides agreed to inform their respective State authorities, as soon as possible, about this consultative meeting and to propose the idea of continuation of consultation. Time-terms of the future meetings will be discussed separately.

In the course of the meeting, a number of consultative-legal issues have been addressed and discussed.

On behalf of the Georgian Side Z.Tinikashvili

On behalf of the Russian Side M. Torshin

20 April 2000

(Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE GALI MEETING BETWEEN THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES on the issues of stabilization of the situation in the security

As a response to the aggravating situation in the security zone, a meeting under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General, with the participation of Mr. Anis A. Bajwa, Chief Observer of the UNOMIG and Mr. Sergey Korobko, the Commander-in-Chief of the CIS Peace-Keeping Forces, took place on 3 May 2000 in Gali district.

In the course of this meeting the sides committed themselves to the principal of non-use of military force. Any disputed issues shall be solved only by peaceful means through negotiations.

Guided by the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994, the Statement of 14 August 1997, the Protocol of 24 September 1998, the Protocol of 21 December 1998, the Protocol of 19 January 2000, and the Protocol of 3 January 2000, the sides agreed on the following:

1. The sides commit themselves not to allow any propaganda of military solution of the conflict.

The sides will initiate the criminal prosecution against the individuals calling for the unlawful actions based on the political motivation.

2. Overall strength of armed formations of each side, including the police and militia, and located in the security zone, will not exceed 600 persons. The parties are allowed to exceed this limit only after giving preliminary notice of the other side to the conflict, General Headquarters of the CIS Peacekeeping Forces and the Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG.

The CIS Peace-Keeping Forces and the UNOMIG observers will carry out permanent monitoring to make sure that the manpower of the sides dislocated in the security zone does not exceed the agreed limit.

3. The sides will set up three-man groups, composed of representatives of the respective Ministries of Interior, Security and Prosecutor’s offices. These groups will carry out permanent control over the situation in the security zone and undertake all urgent measures aimed at resolution of existing conflict situations. If necessary, heads and deputies of the aforementioned law-enforcement bodies will involve themselves in the working groups.

These groups will cooperate in their struggle against illegal trafficking and other criminal offences committed by the organized criminal bands operating in the security zone.

4. The sides will exchange on regular basis list of those offenders who have committed crimes in the security zone and absconded on the territories controlled by the sides. In addition, the Parties will undertake all necessary measures to arrest and prosecute the persons involved in unlawful activities.

5. Leaderships of the Prosecutor’s offices of the sides concerned will nominate one representative each, responsible for a timely implementation of the work of investigation groups on politically motivated offences.

On Behalf of the Georgian Side G. Arsenishvili

On Behalf of the Abkhaz Side V. Tsugba

On Behalf the UN On Behalf the CIS Peace-Keeping Forces S. Korobko

11 July 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE 10TH SESSION OF THE COORDINATING COUNCIL OF GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

The 10th session of the Coordinating Council, founded on the basis of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides November 1997 Geneva Meeting’s Final Declaration, took place in Sukhumi on July 11, 2000 under the auspices of the UN Organization and Chaired by the special representative of the UN Secretary General Mr. Dieter Boden with participation of representatives of the Russian Federation as a facilitating side, the OSCE and states, included in the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and France as observers.

The Head of the Georgian delegation was Mr. Giorgi Arsenishvili.

The Head of the Abkhazian delegation was Mr. Vyacheslav Tsugba.

When opening the session the special representative of the UN Secretary General said that the meeting took place after 6 months’ break and this was an evidence of inefficient usage of Geneva peaceful process negotiation tools, aimed at the broad-scale settlement of the conflict. He stressed that the current session was an indicator of the renewal of negotiation process.

The following items were included in the agenda:

1. The issues on adherence to the cease-fire and problems of security.

2. Refugees and Internally Displaced People (IDPs).

3. Economic and Social Problems.

4. Miscellaneous.

The Representatives of the Sides made statements. The representatives of the Russian Federation as a facilitating side, the OSCE and states, included in the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General took part in the discussion. The Head of the UNOMIG and the Head of the CIS Peacekeeping Forces distributed the information about the situation in the conflict zone. The session of the Council included plenary sessions and separate bilateral meetings of working groups.

At the session the “Protocol on Gali Meeting of Georgian and Abkhaz sides on stabilization of situation in the Security Zone” was agreed and signed (attached).

The Council adopted the following decisions:

1. Within one month the sides shall conduct preparatory work for signing two documents: “Protocol on return of refugees to Gali region and measures for the revival of economy”, “Agreement on peace and guarantees for preventing armed conflicts”, taking into consideration the opinion of the representative of Russian Federation.

2. The sides took into consideration document of the UNOMIG on confidence building measures (attached). The sides committed themselves to submit to the Special Representative within two weeks their own proposals regarding the complete realization of already agreed confidence measures. The Council welcomes the invitation of the Government of Ukraine to hold the third meeting on confidence building in Yalta in autumn 2000.

3. To take into consideration issues raised by Abkhaz side about the travelling documents for people residing in Abkhazia.

4. To take immediate measures for realization of provisions of “Protocol on Gali Meeting of Georgian and Abkhaz sides on the stabilization of situation in the Security Zone”. To conduct monthly meetings of the Working group #1 under chairmanship of the Head of the UNOMIG and to hear the reports at these meetings from both sides, UNOMIG and Peacekeeping Forces on the implementation of the aforementioned Protocol. The First Session of the working group #1 shall be hold in mid August 2000.

5. To take into consideration reports of the Head of the UNOMIG and the Head of Peacekeeping Forces on security situation in the conflict zone, as well as recommendation on intensification of the performance of the joint group.

6. To continue the active cooperation within the framework of Energy Working Commission.

7. To call the sides for continuation of negotiations and achieving consensus on specific economic issues in the nearest future.

8. To welcome the agreement of PRUN on continuation of financial assistance to support the operation of Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission.

9. To approve declarations of Abkhaz and Georgian State commissions for searching the missing people (attached).

10. To welcome the initiative of the Government of Georgia, and especially of the National Library, to give Abkhaz side the books and other documents, referring Abkhazia. The Council called both sides for continuation of cooperation in this sphere and asked to UNOMIG for continuation of the support.

11. To convene 11th session of the Coordinating Council no later than in the first half of 2000.

11 July 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE STATE COMMISSION OF ABKHAZIA AND GEORGIA on Search for the persons Missing without Trace

nce more reiterating their readiness for close cooperation aimed at expediting the process of search for the persons missing without trace, representatives of state commissions from Abkhazia and Georgia have held a working meeting within the framework of the Coordination Council, in which representatives of the International Committee of Red Cross also participated.

The Commission reached an agreement to start from 20 July, 2000 real search activities in both Georgian and Abkhazian burial sites. At the same time, within the framework of the process of search for the persons missing without trace, the leaders of the commissions agreed to engage representatives of the civil society to the search process. They expressed their intentions to organize a meeting between mothers of Abkhazia and Georgia, in order to continue discussions on the issue of reburial from Babushera.

The Parties gave high estimation to the activities of ICRC, aimed at rendering maximum possible technical assistance to the commissions. Once again, representatives of the Parties asked the ICRC to continue rendering practical support to the Parties. We welcome the readiness of ICRC to provide the Parties with specialist-experts on identification from the Boston center "Doctors for Human Rights".

At the same time, representatives of the Commissions once again appeal to the Coordination Council to render rapid assistance in terms of provision of technical means, which would make it possible to expedite the process of solution of this humanitarian problem.

On behalf of Abkhaz side Otar Kakalia

On behalf of Georgian side Vladimir Doborjginidze

11 July 2000, City of Sukhum

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Informal translation

PROTOCOL OF THE FOURTH MEETING OF EXPERTS' GROUPS OF AUTHORIZED DELEGATIONS OF THE SIDES within the Framework of the Negotiation Process on a Full Scale Resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

In conformity with the OSCE Istanbul Summit Declaration, the fourth meeting of experts' groups of authorized delegations of the sides within the framework of negotiation process on a full scale resolution of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict took place in Vienna (Austria), on 10-13 July 2000, through the mediation of the Russian Federation and with the participation of the representatives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and of the OSCE (list of participants is attached).

In compliance with previously reached agreements, discussion on draft Intermediary Document on a full-scale resolution of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict was continued at this meeting. For the first time since the beginning of the experts' groups' work on this Document, the sides initiated the discussions on earlier submitted proposals on the provisions, directly related to state-legal relationship.

Considering the interrelation between reaching agreement by the sides on provisions of para 4, 5 and #2 of para. 13, the sides consider it expedient to address the mentioned provisions in a package.

The sides regard possible signing of the Intermediary Document as serious political step, and in this connection mentioned the expediency of deciding the issues, included in the above-mentioned package, on the political level.

The sides raise a proposal with the Austrian chairmanship of the OSCE to hold - together with the Russian Federation - consultations with the sides on guarantees of future agreements on the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.

The Georgian side informed the meeting participants on current review of the issue concerning handing over to the South Ossetian side of existing unused specimen of the USSR passports of 1974.

The sides stated that resolution of the mentioned issue will allow to speed-up the agreement on para 12 of the document under discussion.

The sides particularly state, that effective assistance by the Austrian Chairmanship of the OSCE in conducting the Vienna meeting had seriously contributed to reaching positive results at the fourth experts' groups meeting.

The participants of the Vienna meeting express profound gratitude to the Austrian side for organization and provision of ideal conditions for the work of delegations.

For The South Ossetian Side

For The Georgian Side

For The Russian Side

For The North Ossetian Side

For The Osce

2000 July 13

(Archive of the staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1311 (28 JULY 2000) ADOPTED BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1287 (2000) of 31 January 2000, and the statement of its President of 11 May 2000 (S/PRST/2000/16),

as well as resolution 1308 (2000) of 17 July 2000, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 21 July 2000 (S/2000/697),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, Stressing that the lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Recalling that, according to its statute, the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides should meet every two months, and welcoming, in this regard, the resumption of its work, Welcoming the results of the tenth session of the Coordinating Council in Sukhumi on 11 July 2000, in particular the signing by the two sides, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and the Commander of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) of the protocol related to the stabilization of the situation in the security zone, and the decision that the two sides would accelerate work on the draft protocol on the return of refugees to the Gali region and measures for economic rehabilitation and on the draft agreement on peace and guarantees for the prevention for the non-resumption of hostilities, Deeply concerned that, although currently relatively calm, the general situation in the conflict zone remains unstable,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Welcoming the important contributions that the United Nations Observer stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, noting that the working relationship between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping force has been excellent at all levels, stressing the importance of continuing and increasing close cooperation and coordination between them in the performance of their respective mandates, and welcoming also the decision on the extension of the stay of the CIS peacekeeping force in the conflict zone in Abkhazia, Georgia, adopted by the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 21 June 2000 (S/2000/629),

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 21 July 2000;

2. Strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which includes a settlement on the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

3. Strongly supports, also, the efforts of the Special Representative on the question of the distribution of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi, and, in particular, his intention to submit, in the near future, proposals to the parties as a basis for meaningful negotiations on that issue;

4. Underlines the responsibility of the parties to the conflict to engage in negotiations on the key outstanding issues in the United Nations-led peace process, including on the distribution of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi as part of a comprehensive settlement;

5. Welcomes the commitment of the parties not to use force for the resolution of any disputed questions, which must be addressed through negotiations and by peaceful means only, and to refrain from propaganda aimed at the solution of the conflict by force;

6. Calls on the parties to the conflict, also, to implement earlier agreed confidence-building measures and develop further measures on the basis of the relevant document signed in Sukhumi on 11 July 2000, and recalls, in this context, the invitation of the Government of Ukraine to host, in Yalta, a third meeting aimed at building confidence, improving security and developing cooperation between the parties;

7. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict and the imprescriptible right of all refugees and displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II), and calls upon the parties to address this issue urgently by agreeing and implementing effective measures to guarantee the security of those who exercise their unconditional right to return, including those who have already returned;

8. Urges the parties, in this context, to address urgently and in a concerted manner, as a first step, the undefined and insecure status of spontaneous returnees to the Gali district, including through the re-establishment of functioning local administrative structures in which the returnee population is appropriately represented;

9. Welcomes steps taken by the Government of Georgia, the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the World Bank, aiming at ensuring that the internally displaced persons enjoy their right to be treated in the same manner as all Georgian citizens with full respect, in principle and in practice, for their imprescriptible right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;

10. Deplores all violent incidents, as well as the development of criminal activities, in the conflict zone, and calls on the two sides to take urgent measures to cooperate with each other in the fight against crime of all sorts and in improving the work of their respective law enforcement organs;

11. Demands that both sides observe strictly the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);

12. Welcomes UNOMIG keeping its security arrangements under constant review in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

13. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2001, subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force, and expresses its intention to conduct a thorough review of the operation at the end of its current mandate, in the light of steps taken by the parties to achieve a comprehensive settlement;

14. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

15. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Forth Session of the Working Group I

On 20 August 2000 at Sukhumi headquarter of the UNOMIG the forth session of the Working Group I was held under the chairmanship of the Principal Military observer of the UNOMIG major-general Anis A. Badjwa with participation of the delegations from the Georgian and Abkhaz sides as well as the representatives of the PKF of the CIS.

The Group discussed the measures on implementation of the Protocol of 3 May 2000 of Gali meeting of Georgian and Abkhaz sides on stabilization of the situation in the security zone signed on 11 July 2000. The Group agreed on the following points:

1.

a. The Georgian and Abkhaz sides shall submit to the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS the list of their posts in the Security Zone by 10 September 2000 including the number of personnel at that posts, as well as the name organizations they belong to.

b. The UNOMIG and the PKF of the CIS will verify this information by 24 September 2000.

c. If one of the sides makes changes to the information submitted to the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS after 10 September 2000, that side shall expeditiously inform about it the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS by all means of communication under their disposal and after this they shall verify the changes and submit it in written to the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS.

2. The sides shall submit to the Principal Military observer the appointments of their representatives to the Group that is referred in the paragraph 3 of the Protocol signed on 11 July 2000 before the next session of the quadripartite meeting on 24 August 2000.

3. The representatives appointed by the sides to the Group referred in the paragraph 3 of the Protocol signed on 11 July 2000, will take part in quadripartite meetings from 24 August 2000 on the regular basis.

4. The Working Group I recommends to the Coordinating Council the following measures:

a) If one of the sides decides to increase the number of its personnel in the Security Zone over 600 people, as it was set up in Paragraph 2 of the Protocol signed on 11 July 2000, the Principal Military Observer shall convene extraordinary session of the Working Group to considered proposed increase in number of personnel.

b) Existence of quadripartite meetings and sessions shall be legalized by signing the Protocol from both sides, the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS.

c) Each side shall officially include their appointed representatives to the Group that is referred in Paragraph 3 of the Protocol signed on 11 July 2000 and they will participate in quadripartite meetings.

5. At the quadripartite meeting on 24 August 2000 the sides shall exchange the lists of criminals in compliance with the Article 4 of the Protocol signed in 11 July 2000.

6. At the quadripartite meeting on 24 August 2000 the sides will discuss practical and technical details on improvement of communication between the heads of local law-enforcement agencies from both sides with the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS.

7. At the next session of the Working Group I:

a) The Group will discuss the proposals as the recommendations to the coordinating Council on changes to the Protocol of the Joint Group on revealing the facts of 19 January 2000.

b) The Georgian side shall appoint representatives to the Joint Group on revealing the facts pursuant to Paragraph 2 of the Protocol of Joint Group on revealing the facts of 19 January 2000.

c) The next session of the Working Group I will be held in Tbilisi within the first week of October 2000.

From the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

From the Abkhaz Side G. Agrba

From the UNOMIG Anis Bajva

From the PKF CIS D. Bugayev

20 August 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Fifth Session of the Working Group I

On 4 October 2000 the fifth session of the Working Group I was held under the chairmanship of the Chief Military observer of the UNOMIG major-general Anis A. Badjva with participation of the delegations from the Georgian and Abkhaz sides. The PKF of the CIS didn’t participate in the session.

1. The session of the Working Group I discussed the results of implementation of the issues agreed at the Forth session of the Working Group I set out in the Joint Statement signed on 20 August 2000.

a. In compliance with the paragraph 1a the sides submitted to the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS the list of their posts in the Security Zone by 10 September 2000 including the number of personnel at that posts, as well as the name units they belong to. The agreed that it was necessary to make changes to the wording used in Paragraph 1a of Joint Statement of 20 August 2000, in particular, the word “unit” should be added to the word “posts”.

b. In compliance with Paragraph 1b the UNOMIG verified the information on the posts and personnel submitted by the sides.

c. In compliance with Paragraph 1c of the Joint Statement the UNOMIG and PKF were informed about changes of information regarding the posts and personnel done before 10 September 2000 orally, not in written.

d. In compliance with the paragraph 2 and 3 of the Joint Statement, the sides submitted to the Chief Military observer the appointments of their representatives to the Group that is referred in the paragraph 3 of the Protocol signed on 11 July 2000 before the quadripartite meeting on 24 August 2000. Those representatives have participated at the quadripartite meetings since 24 August of 2000.

e. In compliance with Paragraph 5 of the Joint Statement sides exchanged the lists of criminals pursuant to the Article 4 of the Protocol signed in 11 July 2000.

f. In compliance with Paragraph 6 of the Joint Statement, at the quadripartite meeting the sides discussed practical and technical details on improvement of communication between the heads of local law-enforcement agencies from both sides with the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS. As a result of those discussions the communication means have been installed and the work on their improvement is in progress. The Georgian and Abkhaz sides asked the UNOMIG for financial assistance in installation of more effective communication between the representatives of local authorities from the both sides.

2. The Working Group I decided to address to the Coordinating Council with recommendation to endorse the measures listed in Paragraph 4 of the Joint Statement.

3. The Working Group I decided to submit written appeal to the Chairman of the quadripartite meetings and the Commander of the PKF of the CIS regarding submission of the Protocol of Quadripartite Meeting to the sides at the earliest possibility.

4. At the Quadripartite meeting on 12 October 2000 the sides will submit to the Principal Military observer of the UNOMIG the written proposals on actions that shall be taken by the sides on the revealed facts or recommendations of Joint Groups on Reveal and investigation of the facts. The results shall be discussed at the next session of the Coordinating Council to make the final decision.

5. The Georgian side will appoint its representatives to the Joint Group on Reveal and investigation of the facts by 12 October 2000 pursuant to Paragraph 2 of the Protocol on creation of the Joint Groups on reveal and investigation of the facts of 19 January 2000.

6. The next session of the Working Group I will be held in Sukhumi at the headquarter of the UNOMIG after the earliest meeting of the Coordinating Council.

From the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

From the Abkhaz Side G. Agrba

From the UNOMIG Anis Bajva

4 October 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF COORDINATION COUNCIL OF THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

The eleventh session of the Coordination Council created pursuant to Final Statement of the Georgian and Abkhazian Sides (on 17-19 November 1997), took place on October 24, 2000 in Tbilisi under the auspices of the UN and under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden - the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and with participation of representatives of the Russian Federation as facilitator, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), member States of the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General on Georgia Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and France in their capacity as observers.

The Georgian Side was represented by a delegation under the leadership of Mr. Giorgi Arsenishvili.

The Abkhaz Side was represented by a delegation under the leadership of Mr.Viacheslav Tsugba.

Opening the session, the Special Representative of the Secretary General pointed out that recently, in spite of some stagnation in the process of comprehensive settlement of the conflict, the negotiations within the framework of Geneva peace process have become substantially more active. The regular work of the Coordination Council in general, and the working group 1, in particular, activisation of bilateral meetings, for example meetings of ministers of healthcare and education, are very telling example of the aforementioned. The very fact that, in the long run, an issue of reburial of those perished in the village of Babushera is solved and the reburial will be implemented in the nearest future, should be evaluated as positive development in right direction.

The agenda of the meeting included the following issues:

1. Issues of sustainable non resumption of hostilities and security-related issues.

2. Refugees and internally displaced persons.

3. Economic and social problems.

4. Miscellaneous.

Representatives of the Sides made statements. Representatives of the Russian Federation in their capacity as facilitators, OSCE and the Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General, Military Observers of UNOMIG and the Commander of Peace Keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States took part in the discussions on situation in the zone of conflict. Representatives of UNDP and UNHCR made statements.

The Coordinating Council Decided:

1. To endorse recommendations of the Working group 1, adopted at the fifth session on October 4 2000, that envisages the following:

If one of the Parties to the conflict deems it necessary to increase the number of its personnel in the security zone and it exceeds 600 persons, than:

a) Party, which proposes to increase the number of its personnel and it exceeds 600 persons, must notify about it, first of all the other Party, and than UNOMIG and Peace Keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

b) Upon the reception of such a notification, the Chief Military Observer of UNOMIG shall convene an extraordinary session of the Working group to discuss the issue of potential increase of the number of personnel.

2. To grant official status to the quadripartite meetings and conclude these meetings with signing protocol by representatives of Sides, UNOMIG and the Peace Keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

3. To take measures aimed at resumption of activities of the Working group 2.

4. The Sides noted a draft document on establishment and functioning of the Joint Evaluation Commission on situation in the Gali region, which is being created within the framework of the Geneva peace process under the auspices of UN, and the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General informed the Coordination Council about these developments.

5. To call upon the Sides, to continue, as soon as possible, the negotiation process and reach agreement on concrete measures of economic cooperation within the framework of the Working group 3.

6. To convene the 12th session of the Coordination Council no later than January 2001.

24 October 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

THE STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on introduction of visa regime between Russia and Georgia

The Parliament of Georgia expresses its protest on introduction of visa regime between Russia and Georgia because of Russia’s position at the negotiations.

Georgian side ones again mentions that official authority of Georgia was against introduction of visa regime and considers that this will not only serve as a stumbling block between the relation of two countries, but will have negative effect on traditional friendship of people of Russia and Georgia.

It is sovereign will of Russia to introduce visa regime with another state, but no one is entitled without a consent of Georgia to put different regions of Georgia in varied legal conditions as it is going to be unilaterally laid down by Russia in an additional protocol of visa agreement.

The Parliament of Georgia considers the abovementioned as unrespectfull step towards sovereignty and territorial supremacy of Georgia which constitutes the breach of universally recognized principles of international law and is regarded as an attempt of interference in internal affairs of Georgia as well as an extra proof of Russia’s unfair interest towards Abkhazia and so called South Osetia.

If Russian Federation Authority still remains on the proposed position of visa introduction which constitutes the grave breach of fundamental principles of international law Parliament of Georgia will consider the above-mentioned as an attempt of annexation of its territory as well as legal proof of title in regard of seized historic territories of Georgia and declares with full responsibility that Georgia will use all the necessary means recognized by international law to defend sovereignty and integrity.

24 November, 2000, Tbilisi.

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

DECREE ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

1. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation shall continue negotiations with the Georgian Side aimed at concluding the agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Executive Power of Georgia on movement of citizens and the Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Executive Power of Georgia on simplified procedures of Russian-Georgian border crossing by the resident of trans-border territories.

2. Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation shall secure the existing procedures along the portions of the by-land border with Abkhazia and South Ossetia in time of negotiations and until the special instruction.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation M. Kasyanov

30 November 2000

(Collection of the legislation of the RF, M., # 50, p. 9563)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Sixth Session of the Working Group I

On 13 December 2000 the Sixth Session of the Working Group I was held under the chairmanship of the Chief Military observer of the UNOMIG major-general Anis A. Badjva with participation of the delegations from the Georgian and Abkhaz sides and the PKF of the CIS.

The session of the Working Group I discussed the results of implementation of the issues agreed at the Fifth Session of the Working Group I set out in the Joint Statement signed on 4 October 2000. The Principal Military Observer noted that the security condition in the conflict zone had been worsened and this fact deplored participants of the session.

1. The sides agreed that there was necessity to improve effectiveness of the activity of the Joint Group set up after signing the Protocol of 3 May 2000 and the Joint Group on Reveal and Investigation the facts set up under the Protocol of 19 January 2000. All participating sides underlined the need to cooperate more closely in order to secure effectiveness of the Joint Group and Joint Group on Reveal and Investigation of Facts. Toward this end the both sides agreed to create Joint Information Center aimed at providing the information related to the criminal activity in the conflict zone.

2. In compliance with Paragraph 1, all participating sides will be meeting at the Control Post 201 on 21 December 2000 to elaborate the mechanisms for improvement of effectiveness and efficiency of the activity of the Joint Group and Joint Group on Reveal and Investigation of Facts in order to secure better combat of criminal activity. These recommendations will be submitted to the Chief Military Observer for further consideration.

3. The sides agreed that with regard of violation of Moscow Agreement during military drills in the field near Kulevi and Ochamchire, the Commander of the PKF of the CIS, by 21 December 2000, will be provided by the precision maps/schemes with indication of desired changes of borders of the Restricted-Weapon Zone. The Commander of the PKF of the CIS will submit those maps/schemes to the Chief Military Observer for further consideration.

4. The sides reaffirmed their commitment to realize the decisions of the Moscow Agreement, following agreement and protocols. In particular, all of the sides agreed that free movement of the UNOMIG and PKF was beyond any discussion.

5. The commander of the PKF of the CIS reaffirmed that the movement regime in the Zone was not changed. The residents of the Security Zone from both sides of the cease-fire line are able to cross it upon introducing the identification documents. The Commander of the PKF of the CIS informed the delegates of the session that this problem had already been discussed and decided at the meeting with Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze, Lieutenant-General S. Korobko and the Chief Military Observer.

6. The next meeting of the Working Group I will be held in the headquarter of the UNOMIG in Tbilisi after the earliest session of the Coordinating Council.

From the Georgian Side A. Ioseliani

From the Abkhaz Side G. Agrba

From the UNOMIG A. Bajva

From the PKF of the CIS S. Korobko

13 December 2000

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

AGREEMENT Between the Government of Georgia and the Government of the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Restoration of Economy in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone and Return of Refugees

The Government of Georgia (Executive Authorities of Georgia) and the Government of the Russian Federation, hereinafter refereed to as the Parties,

Pursuant to the provisions of the Agreement on Principles of Settlement of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, adopted on June 24 1992 in Sochi, the Memorandum on Measures Aimed at Guarantying Security and Strengthening Mutual Trust between the Parties in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, adopted on May 16, 1996 in Moscow, and the Protocol of the meeting devoted to comprehensive settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, held on March 5, 1997 in Moscow,

With a view of restoration and development of economy of the regions suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and in order to create conducive conditions for return of refugees and internally displaced persons to the places of their permanent residence,

Agreed on the following:

Article 1

The Parties acknowledge the necessity for further financing of restoration works in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and shall work out, in cooperation with representatives of South Ossetian and North Ossetian Sides:

- Inter-Governmental program of cooperation and restoration of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone;

- The Inter-Governmental program of repatriation, accommodation, integration and re-integration of refugees, including the measures aimed at restoration of economy in the regions where refugees and internally displaced persons will return.

The Parties shall undertake measures to secure implementation of the aforementioned programs, while inviting international organizations to participate in their implementation.

The Georgian Side, in full conformity with norms of the international law, shall secure full respect of human rights of refugees and internally displaced persons returning to their places of permanent residence.

The Parties shall contribute to endeavors undertaken by International organizations in realization of social, economic and humanitarian programs in the regions suffered as a result of the conflict.

Article 2

In order to meet the pledged commitments in full conformity with this Agreement and norms of the international law, the Parties shall make the best use of existing capabilities to attract financial and other resources, contribute to attraction of investments, favorable credits and subsides in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, including inviting international and foreign organizations, the third countries, as well as promote the creation of joint enterprises, development of direct economic ties between different forms of property ownership, including industrial cooperative enterprises located in the conflict zone.

Article 3

The Parties shall support initiatives of the administrative-territorial bodies, enterprises and organizations of Georgia and the Russian Federation on rendering support to the South Ossetian Side in the process of restoration works and promote attraction of funds in order to secure further development of the economy.

Article 4

The Parties underline the sheer necessity of settlement of the issue related to payment by the consumers, living in the conflict zone, of their debts to the Russian Joint Stock Company “EAS Russia” for provision of electricity in 1998 and the first quarter of 1999. The Georgian Side commits itself to pay back the aforementioned debt on the principles of restructuring. The timetable for clearing off the debt shall be defined in a separate protocol.

The Parties consider continuation of current provision of electricity to the conflict zone as an extremely important factor, in terms of the reconstruction process and return of refugees. The pattern of provision of electricity and clearing off the debt shall be defined in the relevant contracts.

Article 5

The current Agreement may be complemented by protocols, clarifying the mechanism of its implementation.

Control over the implementation of programs envisaged by this Agreement shall be carried out by the Joint Control Commission on Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Article 6

This Agreement shall come into effect immediately after it is signed.

Agreement signed on December 23, 2000 in Tbilisi …

On behalf of the Government of Georgia G. Arsenishvili

On behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation I. Klebanov

23 December 2000

(Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia)

 

 

2001

RESOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on the visa regime imposed by the Russian Federation on Georgia

The European Parliament,

- having regard to its previous resolutions on the situation in Georgia and Russia, and in particular its resolution of 13 December 2000,

- having regard to the declaration of the EU-Georgia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee of 9 May 2000,

- having regard to the statement by the United Nations Security Council of 14 November 2000,

- having regard to the statement by the Presidency of the European Union of 23 November 2000,

- having regard to the statement by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Georgia on 7 December 2000,

A.  noting with deep concern the continued failure to achieve a comprehensive political settlement of the internal conflicts in Georgia, in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia,

B.  recognising that unresolved conflicts in the Caucasian region impede economic development and political stability in Georgia as well as in the whole region,

C.  whereas all parties to, and mediators in, the conflicts in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia should intensify the efforts to find a political solution to the conflicts with full respect for Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity,

D.  stressing the importance of security guarantees to those refugees and internally displaced persons who exercise their unconditional right to return to their homes,

E.  regretting the situation whereby the territories of the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia are de facto outside the jurisdiction of Georgian law, and the principles of democracy, human rights and rule of law which Georgia has adhered to as a full member of the Council of Europe are not fully respected in these break-away territories,

F.  expressing in this context its concern about the security situation in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia and in particular the security of international aid workers and personnel of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),

G. welcoming the efforts of the European Commission to contribute to increasing confidence between the parties in the conflicts, in particular through the Rehabilitation Programme in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and the planned rehabilitation of the Inguri hydro power plant on the border with Abkhazia,

H. supporting all initiatives aiming at consolidating friendly and constructive neighbourly relations and regional cooperation in the Caucasian region,

I.  whereas a further rapprochement between Georgia and the European Union could make an effective contribution to the political and economic development of the country and to the stability of the entire region of the Caucasus,

J.  recalling the OSCE Istanbul Declaration of 1999 regarding conventional forces in Europe and the agreement reached on the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory of Georgia,

K.  noting with deep concern the unilateral imposition of a visa regime on Georgia by the Russian Federation which took effect on 5 December 2000, which will make the development of friendly neighbourly relations more difficult, hamper economic relations and complicate the lives of Georgian citizens living in the territory of the Russian Federation and of those Georgian citizens living in Georgia itself, who are dependent for their survival on the earnings of their relatives working in the Russian Federation,

1.  Recalls that the imposition of visas which respect international law is a matter for the sovereignty of a state, but regards the plans to exempt residents of the secessionist Georgian regions of South Ossetia/Tskhinvali and Abkhazia from the visa regime imposed on Georgian citizens as a challenge to the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Georgia which the Government of the Russian Federation officially supports, and calls on the government of the Russian Federation to reconsider these plans as they would amount to de facto annexation of these indisputably Georgian territories;

2.  Urges the government of the Russia Federation to suspend the implementation of the visa regime with Georgia given the difficulties it causes to ordinary citizens;

3.  Recalls that a decision on unilateral introduction of a simplified procedure for border-crossing for residents of South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia by the Russian Federation would compromise its role as a mediator in the conflicts;

4.  Calls on all parties to refrain from unnecessary retaliatory actions which might aggravate the precarious situation and to display the necessary political will to achieve early substantial results in the negotiations, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia;

5.  Calls on the Russian Federation as a matter of urgency to respect the commitment it made at the OSCE in Istanbul in 1999 to withdraw its troops from Georgian territory;

6.  Lends its support to the UN-led peace process in Abkhazia and to the efforts by the OSCE to increase dialogue and direct contacts between the parties to the conflict in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia;

7.  Calls on the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union to support actively all efforts to bring about a political settlement to the conflicts in the South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region and Abkhazia, and looks forward to the report of the Swedish Presidency to the Third Meeting of the European Union - Georgia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee to be held in Brussels, and asks it to submit proposals for a further rapprochement between Georgia and the European Union;

8.  Urges the Council, in this regard, to take into account the possibility of appointing a Special Envoy for the Caucasus in order to increase the visibility of the EU in the region and facilitate the dialogue between all parties to the ongoing conflicts.

9. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the OSCE and the Government and Parliament of Georgia and of the Russian Federation.

18 January 2001

(www.europa.eu.int)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF THE COORDINATING COUNCIL OF THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

The Twelfth Session of the Coordinating Council, established on the basis of the Concluding Statement on the outcome of the Geneva Meeting of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides held from 17 to 19 November 1997 took place on 23 January 2001 under the auspices of the United nations and the chairmanship of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Dieter Boden, with the participation of representatives of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the States comprising the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General - France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America - as observers.

The Georgian side was represented by a delegation headed by Mr. Giorgi Arsenishvili.

The Abkhaz side was represented by a delegation headed by Mr. Vyacheslav Tsugba.

The agenda included the following items:

1. Issues relating to the constant non- resumption of hostilities and to security problems, in particular the outcome of the meeting of Working Group 1 on 13 December 2000.

2. Refugees and internally displaces persons, in particular the outcome of the meeting of Working Group 3 on 5 December 2000.

3. Economic and social problems.

4. Other matters, including a discussion on preparation for the third meeting on confidence building, to be held in Yalta at the invitation of the Government of Ukraine.

Opening the session, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General thanked the parties for their contribution to advancing the peace process, but noted that an even more active approach to the resolution of outstanding problems would need to be adopted, in particular with regard of recent incidents in Gali district, violation of the Moscow Agreement on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces in November and December of 2000 and the taking hostage in December 2000 of a number of the UN military observers. The Sspecial Representative of the Secretary General called upon the sides to take the opportunity of the meeting in Yalta, to be held at the initiation of the Government of Ukraine to reach agreement on confidence-building measures and advance the peace process.

The representatives of the sides made statements. Representatives of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator, the OSCE and the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General took part in the discussion of the agenda. The Chief Military Observer of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and the Commander of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent State (CIS) reported on the situation in the conflict zone.

The Council adopted the following decisions:

1. To instruct the sides to consider proposals concerning the borders of the restricted-weapon zone and to submit their observations in writing within a week to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. To instruct Working Group 1 to resume works on the statement made at its sixth session and submit its proposals to the Coordinating Council.

3. To endorse the proposals submitted by Working Group 3 and instruct it to continue its search for funding the joint projects in the economic field.

4. To allow the sides to begin reburying the dead from the grave near the Babushera airport.

5. To consider the proposal by the Government of Ukraine to hold a third meeting on confidence-building in Yalta on 15 and 16 march 2001 and to deliver a written reply to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations before 31 January 2001.

6. To convene the thirteenth session of the Coordinating Council no later than April 2001.

23 January 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1339 (31 JANUARY 2001) ADOPTED BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1311 (2000) of 28 July 2000, and the statement of its President of 14 November 2000 (S/PRST/2000/32),

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 18 January 2001 (S/2001/59),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Deeply concerned that, although currently mostly calm, the general situation in the conflict zone remains very volatile,

Noting the holding of the twelfth session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides on 23 January 2001,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Welcoming the important contributions that the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) continue to make in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, noting that the working relationship between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping force has remained very close, and stressing the importance of close cooperation between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 18 January 2001;

2. Strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

3. Strongly supports, in particular, the intention of the Special Representative to submit, in the near future, the draft paper containing specific proposals to the parties on the question of the distribution of constitutional competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi as a basis for meaningful negotiations;

4. Stresses the need to accelerate work on the draft protocol on the return of the refugees to the Gali region and measures for economic rehabilitation, as well as on the draft agreement on peace and guarantees for the prevention and for the non-resumption of hostilities;

5. Calls upon the parties, in particular the Abkhaz side, to undertake immediate efforts to move beyond the impasse and to engage into negotiations on the core political questions of the conflict and all other outstanding issues in the United Nations-led peace process;

6. Welcomes the readiness of the Government of Ukraine to host the third meeting on confidence-building measures, welcomes also the commitment of both sides to the conflict to meet in Yalta in March 2001, and notes the important contribution a successful conference would make to the peace process;

7. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, and reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II);

8. Urges the parties, in this context, to address urgently and in a concerted manner, as a first step, the undefined and insecure status of spontaneous returnees to the Gali district, which remains an issue of serious concern;

9. Expresses its satisfaction with the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, carried out under the aegis of the United Nations, and looks forward to the careful consideration of the mission’s recommendations regarding human rights, law enforcement and education;

10. Condemns all violations of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I), and notes with particular concern the Abkhaz military exercise conducted in November 2000;

11. Deplores the rise in criminality and activities of armed groups in the conflict zone, which constitutes a major destabilizing factor affecting the overall situation, calls upon the parties to increase their efforts at curbing them and to cooperate in good faith using the means provided by the Coordinating Council mechanism, condemns the recent killings of civilians and Abkhaz militiamen, and calls upon both sides, in particular the Georgian side, to investigate these incidents and bring to justice those responsible;

12. Condemns the abduction of two UNOMIG military observers on 10 December 2000, recalls that the Georgian and the Abkhaz sides bear the primary responsibility for the security of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel, and appeals to them to bring to justice the perpetrators of the hostage-taking incidents of October 1999, June 2000 and December 2000;

13. Calls upon the parties to ensure security and freedom of movement of the United Nations and other international personnel;

14. Welcomes UNOMIG keeping its security arrangements under constant review in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

15. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2001, subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force, and expresses its intention to conduct a thorough review of the operation at the end of its current mandate, in the light of steps taken by the parties to achieve a comprehensive settlement;

16. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, and requests also the Secretary-General to provide for a briefing within three months on the progress of the political settlement, including on the status of the draft paper his Special Representative intends to submit to the parties as referred to in paragraph 3 above;

17. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

DECLARATION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA On the so-colled Local Self-Governance Elections to be held on 10th March 2001, Organized by the Sukhumi Separatist Regime

The Sukhumi Separatist regime intends to hold the so -called local self-governance elections on the territory of Abkhazia, on March 10, 2001.

In this regard, the Parliament of Georgia declares that any local self-governance elections on the territory of Abkhazia are illegal and unacceptable because, as the result of the conflict the demographic situation has been artificially changed. On many occasions, the international community recognized the facts of ethnic cleansing of Georgian population in Abkhazia and condemned aggressive separatism. In addition, according to the resolutions of the Parliament of Georgia, dated March 10, 1994 and April 17, 1996 any legislative act, adopted by the separatist regime is regarded as null and void.

The parliament of Georgia draws the attention of the UN, OSCE, the CIS and the governments of states friends of Georgia, to the fact that the Sukhumi Separatist regime stubbornly continues to ignore the resolutions adopted by the international organizations and aiming at the resolution of the conflict, as well as the frequently expressed clear-cut position of the world community - any elections that are held in Abkhazia while the two thirds of population are persecuted and expelled, are illegal and null and void.

The Parliament of Georgia considers that the Sukhumi Separatist regime by means of imitating the self-governance elections continues to undertake absolutely fruitless endeavors - to create the image of government devoted to democratic values and acquire legitimacy. This act is one more cynical step to legitimize the ill-gotten gains of the policy of ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population, the fact, that has been officially recognized and condemned by the OSCE summits in Budapest (1994), Lisbon (1996) and Istanbul (1999).

The Parliament of Georgia believes that such volunteerism on the part of the Sukhumi Separatist regime is possible due to the clandestine support from certain powerful circles of Russia and leads the process of conflict resolution to a dead lock.

The parliament of Georgia calls upon the UN, OSCE, the European Union, the Council of Europe and the CIS to give appropriate evaluation to the illegal elections, to be held on March 10, 2001 on the territory of Abkhazia, to make the best use of all available tools and mechanisms of exerting influence on the Sukhumi separatist regime in order to prevent the so- called local self-governance elections from taking place.

The Parliament of Georgia

March 2, 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

YALTA DECLARATION OF THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

15-16 March 2001

The third Meeting of Confidence - building Measures between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides within the framework of the Geneva peace process under the auspices of the United Nations, took place in Yalta on 15 and 16 March 2001, under the chairmanship of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary - General, Mr. Dieter Boden.

During the Meeting, in their desire to ensure favorable conditions for the continuation of the peace process so as to achieve a settlement and prevent a deterioration of the situation in the conflict zone, the Sides reaffirmed their commitments regarding the non-use of force against each other in resolving any disputes, with a view to achieving a comprehensive political settlement of the conflict. They also noted the importance of reaching mutual understanding and accord, and placed special emphasis on their determination to intensify efforts to create the necessary conditions for the voluntary and safe return of refugees to their permanent residences, in the first phase to the Gali district within the old borders.

The Sides noted the failure to prevent the resumption of military activities in May 1998, which appeared to be, inter alia, a consequence of the absence of reliable guarantees for the maintenance of peace. In the course of these events, there had also been a failure to employ in full all the mechanisms for the prevention of hostilities, including the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces and UNOMING. At the same time, the sides recognize the stabilizing role of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces and UNOMING in the conflict zone.

On the basis of the above, striving to secure a durable peace, the Sides requested the Special Representative of the United nations Secretary- General to appeal to the United Nations, the Group of Friends of the United Nations Secretary - General for Georgia, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and CIS to become guarantors for the non-resumption of hostilities, the steady and safe return of refugees and displaced persons, in the first phase to the Gali district within the old borders, and to elaborate, with the participation of the Sides, the mechanism to implement these guarantees.

In case of a treat of military clashes or the resumption of military clashes, the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces, in accordance with their mandate of 26 May 1995, will undertake immediate measures to disengage military groups of the belligerents, along the disengagement line determined by the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994. The sides reaffirm their commitments regarding the observance of the cease-fire accords. They also reaffirm their obligations to prevent actions, which would threaten the life and security of the personnel of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces and UNOMING, and other international personnel deployed in the conflict zone.

The sides stressed that confidence-building measure are an important element of the peace process, facilitating progress towards a comprehensive settlement of the conflict. On the basis of the above, the Sides agreed to adopt the Programme of Action of Confidence-building between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides.

The Sides noted that the Special Representative of the Secretary - General would inform him about the outcome of this Meeting, and that the Secretary - General would subsequently report thereon to the UnitedNations Security Council.

The Sides and all the participants in the Meeting expressed their deep gratitude to the Government

of Ukraine for the invitation to hold the Meeting in Yalta, for its hospitality and for its active role in creating a constructive atmosphere, which made it possible to achieve important and substantial results.

For the Georgian Side G. Arsenishvili

For the Abkhaz Side V. Tsugba

For the United Nations D. Boden

For the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces N. Sidorichev

(www.un.org/russian; Archive of the Office of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Georgia)

 

 

APPENDIX TO THE PROGRAMME OF ACTION ON CONFIDENCE-BUILDING BETWEEN THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

Yalta, 15 - 16 March 2001

The third meeting on Confidence-building Measures between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides took place on 15 and 16 March in Yalta, at the invitation of the Government on Ukraine, under the chairmanship of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Georgia, Mr. Dieter Boden, within the framework of the Geneva peace process for the settlement of the conflict under the auspices of the United Nations.

The Georgian Side was represented by a delegation headed by Mr. Giorgi Arsenishvili. The Abkhaz Side was represented by a delegation headed by Mr. Viacheslav Tsugba. Representatives of the Russian federation as facilitator, representatives of the Group of Friends of the United nations Secretary-general for Georgia - France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States - representatives of OSCE, the chief military Observer of UNOMIG, the Commander of CIS Collective the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces and the Executive Secretary of the Georgian - Abkhaz Joint Coordination Commission also participated in the Meeting.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine His Excellency Mr. Anatoli Zleko, welcomed the participants in the meeting and delivered an address from His Excellency the President of Ukraine, Mr. Leonid Kuchma. On 14 March 2001, the President of Ukraine met the heads of the delegation of two Sides and the special representative of the United Nations Secretary – General for Georgia.

During the meeting the Sides,

Noting the importance of confidence-building measures for the strengthening of peace and concord and the achievement of reconciliation, and placing special emphasis on their determination to intensify efforts in this field;

Proceeding from the fact that confidence-building measures are by nature an integral part of the Geneva peace process under the auspices of the united Nations, which is facilitating progress towards a comprehensive political settlement of the conflict;

Have agreed on the following:

1.The two Sides recognize the need to improve and reinvigorate efforts in the field of confidence-building measures within the framework of the Geneva peace process. In this connection, they reaffirm their readiness to implement in full the decisions adopted at the Athens and Istanbul Meetings on Confidence-building Measures. Moreover, the Sides declare their intention to implement fully the decisions adopted at the Yalta meeting on Confidence-building Measures, including those elaborated with the participation of non-governmental organizations.

2. The Sides establish, within the framework of the Coordinating Council, a mechanism for reporting progress made in implementing the agreed Confidence-building Measures. To this ed, the Sides undertake to create and maintain a database containing information on the progress made in implementing the projects. The database will be accessible via electronic means to all the participants in the peace process. The question of its funding will be discussed further.

3. The sides designate the representatives who will inform the Coordinating Council at its future meetings of the progress made in implementing the Confidence-building Measures.

4. In order to ensure the most effective implementation of the Confidence-building Measures, both Sides undertake to provide, as necessary, the organizational and technical support for such implementation, including the preparation of the necessary travel documents and the provision of venues for meetings, and also undertake to encourage the development of bilateral contacts in general. The Sides commend the work of the Bilateral Georgian-Abkhaz Coordination Commission, reaffirm their readiness to provide it with necessary assistance and, in this connection, request the United Nations to facilitate its work and to provide technical, financial and other support.

5. The Sides approved the Annex containing the list of specific measures on confidence-building measures that are an integral part of the present Programme.

(www.un.org/russian; Archive of the Office of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Georgia)

 

 

Annex to the Programme of Action on Confidence-building between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides

The present list of specific confidence-building measures has been prepared on the basis of the suggestions put forward during the Yalta Meeting, which took place on 15 and 16 march 2001. This list is not exhaustive, and additional proposals by the Sides will be welcome. The measures proposed constitute recommendations for further action.

The Sides agreed that the modalities for the implementations of these measures would be discussed at the upcoming session of the Coordinating Council. Each Side shall promptly notify the Special representative in writing of the name of its representative designated in accordance with paragraph 3 of the programme of Action on Confidence-building between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides.

1. To organize the meeting of youth representatives of both Sides in Tsinandali.

2. To organize meetings of representatives of different political circles of both Sides.

3. To support the cooperation of organizations of war veterans and invalids of both Sides.

4. To support the continuation of meetings of the Elders of both Sides.

5. To support the conduct of seminars of young scientists of both Sides, within the framework of the projects of the Tbilisi School of political Research.

6. To organize meetings of students, instructors and lecturers at universities and other higher educational institutions of both Sides, including historians, with a view to restoring scientific ties and the exchange of information and lectures.

7. To support the continuation of contacts between the directors of the Tbilisi and Sukhumi libraries.

8. To organize meetings of the representatives of the Union of Writers of both Sides.

9. To support the initiative to resume “Sukhumpribor” activities, with the participation of the representatives of both Sides.

10. To support the continuation of meetings of aviation representatives of both Sides.

11. To continue close cooperation on the question of moving radioactive wastes currently located at the Sukhumi Physic—technical Institute to a safe storage place.

12. To establish cooperation in winemaking.

13. To promote media coverage of the process of mutual understanding between the Sides within the framework of the implementation of the Programme of Action on Confidence-building, including the activities of the Coordinating Council, its working groups and the Bilateral Georgian-Abkhaz Coordination Commission, as well as the implementation of joint economic, cultural and educational projects, the activities of non-governmental organizations, etc.

14. To broaden the exchange of newspapers between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides by exchanging an equal number of copies of Sakartvelos Respublica and Apsny, with the financial and material support of the United Nations and OSCE.

15. For faster exchange of information, to provide technical support in setting up direct electronic communications between Apsnypress and Kavkazpress and other media agencies of both Sides, with the assistance of the United Nations.

(www.un.org/russian; Archive of the Office of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Georgia)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA  on the planed so called referendum
elections of the separatist regime of Tskhnvali on 8 April 2001

The Separatist regime of Tskhinvali intends to hold referendum within the controlled territory on the adoption of the constitution of the so-called republic of South Osetia on 8 April of 2001.

The Parliament of Georgia declares that holding of so-called referendum in the region of Tskhnvali is illegal and directed against the territorial integrity of Georgia. According to the constitution of Georgia, article 74 paragraph 1, the power to fix referendum is wasted only within the competence of the president of Georgia.

The Parliament of Georgia considers that the holding of referendum by the so-called South Osetia is nothing but the intention of the separatist regime of Tskhinvali to prevent the peaceful resolution of the conflict.

The parliament of georgia calls upon the UN, OSCE, EU, EC the member states of CIS to give appropriate assessment to the planed so called Referendum in the region of Tskhinvali.

30. 03. 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

THE CONSTITUTION (ORGANIC LAW) OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH OSSETIA adopted at the public referendum of the of the republic of South Ossetia on 8 April 2001

(…)

Article 1.

1. The Republic of South Ossetia is a sovereign democratic state based on law, which has been established by the right of nation to self-determination.

2. The sovereignty bearer and sole source of authority in the Republic of South Ossetia shall be its people.

(…)

Article 2.

1. The Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia shall have a superior legal force and direct effect.

2. The laws and other legal acts that do not comply with the Constitution, are unlawful and legally void.

Article 3.

1. The Republic of South Ossetia independently determines its legal status, decides the political, economic, social and cultural issues.

(…)

3. The territory of the Republic of South Ossetia is inviolable and inalienable. Protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity is the most important function of the state.

4. The territory, status and the borders of the Republic of South Ossetia shall not be changed without consent of the people.

Article 4.

1. The official language of the Republic of South Ossetia is Ossetian language. The state authorities of the Republic of South Ossetia are responsible to secure and develop Ossetian language.

2. The Russian language, equally with the Ossetian language, and at the places of compact settlement of Georgians - the Georgian language shall be recognized as a language of State and other institutions.

Article 8.

1. The Republic of South Ossetia establishes its relations with the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the basis of ethnic, national, historical-territorial unity and social-economic integration.

Article 10.

1. The Republic of South Ossetia is authorized to enter in alliance with other states and delegate to the Union organs the part of its authority.

Article 11.

1. The foreign policy of the Republic of South Ossetia shall be based on the following principles:

2. Striving for common and just peace;

3. Mutual-beneficial cooperation;

4. Joining the collective security systems;

5. Membership of international organizations and other unions;

6. Universally recognized principles and international norms, as well as international treaties of the Republic of South Ossetia shall be the basis of relations with other states.

Article 16.

1. The Republic of South Ossetia shall have its own citizenship.

3. Double-citizenship is admissible in the Republic of South Ossetia.

Article 17.

The Republic of South Ossetia shall have its own symbols - a national flag, a National Emblem, and a national anthem, the description of which shall be established by constitutional laws.

(…)

Article 18.

The Republic of South Ossetia recognizes and secures human rights and freedoms of citizens pursuant to the universally recognized principles and norms of international law and in compliance of this Constitution.

Article 47.

1. The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the Head of State and the Head of executive power.

2. The President of the Republic of South Ossetia shall observe the Constitution of the South Ossetia, rights and freedoms of citizens. He shall ensure the state sovereignty, security and territorial intergrity. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, the proper functioning of the public authorities and their poroper interaction.

3. The President of the Republic of South Ossetia shall determine domestic and foreign policy of the state in compliance with the Constitution and other laws of the South Ossetia.

4. The President of the Republic of South Ossetia, as the Head of State, represents the Republic in the country and at international levels.

Article 48.

Any citizen of the Republic of South Ossetia can be elected President who is not younger than 35 has the right to vote, is eligible to be elected, knows the state language and lives on the territory of South Ossetia not less than 10 years.

Article 50.

The President of the Republic of South Ossetial:

1. Exercises general guidance of the internal and foreign policy;

3. Approves the structure of the Government of the Republic of South Ossetia;

4. Appoints the Chairman of the Government of the Republic of South Ossetia upon the consent of the Parliament of the South Ossetia and dismisses him/her informing the Parliament of the South Ossetia;

6. Appoints and dismisses the members of Government of the Republic of South Ossetia and the heads of state agencies.

7. Appoints and dismisses the heads of administrations of cities and districts upon the consent of relevant Councils of Deputies;

18. Leads negotiations and Sign inter-state and international treaties and agreements;

25. Forms and leads the Security Council;

26. Approves the military doctrine of the Republic of South Ossetia;

27. Is the Commander-in-Chief of the Military Force of the Republic of South Ossetia;

28. Appoints and dismiss supreme commanders of the military forces of the Republic of South Ossetia...

Article 56.

The Parliament of the Republic of South Ossetia is the Supreme Representative and legislative organ of the Republic of South Ossetia.

(…)

Article 64.

The parliament of the Republic of South Ossetia:

17. Ratifies and denounces international Agreements of the Republic of South Ossetia;

18. Approves the decision on dislocation of military formations of other states on the territory of the South Ossetia.

Article 73.

1. The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the supreme corporate state organ of the unified system of executive power in the Republic of South Ossetia.

2. The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia comprises: the Chairman of the Government, the Deputy Chairmen of the Government, Ministers, Chairmen of the State Committees and the Committee of State Security of the Republic of South Ossetia. as well as the heads of Administration of the President and the Government.

(…)

Article 77.

1. The justice in the Republic of South Ossetia is exercised solely through the Courts.

2. The justice is exercised through the constitutional, arbitrage, civil, administrative and criminal court proceedings.

(…)

Article 82.

1. The control over the compliance of the laws and other legal acts of the Republic of South Ossetia with the Constitution of South Ossetia is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of South Ossetia.

(…)

Article 86.

1. The Procuracy of the Republic of South Ossetia, on behalf of the state, performs capital prosecution, supervises unified and exact application of the laws, Presidential Decrees and other normative legal acts on the whole territory of the Republic of South Ossetia.

2. The prosecutors offices of the Republic of South Ossetia is one, centralized system subordinating inferior prosecutors to the Prosecutor General of the Republic of South Ossetia.

(…)

8 April 2001

(Newspaper “Youzhnaia Ossetia”, # 33, 21 April 2001)

 

 

PROTOCOL of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides

On 16 April 2001 a meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides took place in Gali Region under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden - Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General, and in the presence of General Bughaev - the representative of the PKF of the CIS and General Bajwa - Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG.

The Sides expressed their concern at the established situation.

For early normalization of the situation the sides agreed on the following:

1. To examine physical condition of detainees with possible involvement of representatives from the international organizations.

2. To exert every effort in order to secure handing over of detainees under the jurisdiction of relevant law-enforcement structures.

3. To hand over the dead bodies of those members of armed groups that were killed in the conflict zone on 7 April 2001.

The sides agreed to maintain regular contacts in order to make next concrete steps for comprehensive regulation of existing situation.

From the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

From the Abkhaz Side S. Shamba

From the UNOMIG D. Boden

From the PKF of the CIS D. Bugayev

16 April 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL #11 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz

Chaired by:

Boris Mayorov – Ambassador of Special Tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC

Agenda:

1. On activities of the JPKF;

on mutual activities of law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

2. On rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On the process of return of refugees.

4. Miscellaneous.

Resolved:

1. On activities of the JPKF; on mutual activities of law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Churaev, Ogoev, Shubladze, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Tibilov, Kublashvili, Vittebrud, Vikki, Gobozov)

Resolved:

1.1. Take into account the report of the Commander of the JPKF about the activities of peacemaking forces in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

1.1. Approve the decision on activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties in fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (see Annex 1);

1.3. Continue consideration of the given issue at the next session of the JCC.

2. On rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict

(Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Tibilov, Vittebrud, Vikki, Bagiaev)

Resolved:

2.1. Approve the decision of the JCC on rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (see Annex 2).

2.2. Continue consideration of the given issue at the next session of the JCC.

3. On the process of return of refugees

(Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Tibilov, Vittebrud, Vikki, Bagiaev)

Resolved:

3.1. Approve the decision of the JCC on the process of return of refugees (see Annex 3)

3.2. Continue consideration of the given issue at the next session of the JCC.

4. Miscellaneous.

(Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Tibilov, Vittebrud, Vikki, Bagiaev)

Resolved:

4.1. Approve the decision of the JCC on the actions for improvement of the activities of the JCC (see Annex 4)

4.2. Hold the next session of the JCC in Tskhinvali in the first half of July 2001.

Cochairmen of the JCC shall approve the agenda at the next session of the JCC.

M. Mayorov, Chairman of Session, Head of South Ossetian part of the JCC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To Protocol #11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001

DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Activities of the JPKF and Mutual Cooperation of Law Enforcement Organs of the Parties for Fighting with Crime in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

Within the period after 10 sessions of the JCC, the situation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict remains stable and is moving towards further stabilization. Crimes taking place in the region does not bear ethnical nature. The peacemaking forces, in close cooperation with the law enforcement organs of the parties, shall take control over the situation in the zone of conflict.

The JCC resolved:

1. Approve the report of the Commander of the JPKF. Approve changes to the organizational and staffing structure of the joint headquarters of the JPKF through taking into account comments, names of posts for observation, division of zones of responsibilities of the battalions (the scheme of the organizational-staffing structure is attached).

2. Recommend the cochairmen of the JCC to inform the Governments of Russia and Georgia:

a) on changes introduced to the scheme of organizations of the Joint Headquarters (JH) of the JPKF and ask to complete staffing of the JH in accordance with the approved organizational structure prior to June 1, 2001.

b) taking into consideration the fact that logistical support of peacemaking battalions from Georgian and North Ossetian parties do not permit to fulfill objectives regarding maintenance of stability in the zone of conflict in full capacity, ask the leadership of the parties to take actions for complete staffing of Georgian and North Ossetian battalions, respectively, with material and technical assets in accordance with the organizational structure.

3. Approve the provision on Special Coordinating Center (the SCC) under the JCC for mutual activities of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (attached).

4. Propose to the parties:

a). appoint cochairmen and authorized representatives in the SCC under the JCC;

b) the first session of the SCC under the JCC shall be held prior to June 1, 2001;

c) allocate necessary number of employees for the operation of the SCC under the JCC.

5. The Commander of the JPKF shall allocate premises under the UH for the SCC. Ask the leadership of Georgian and South Ossetian parties to allocate sources for repair works and equipping the offices of the SCC structures. The works shall be completed until the end of May 2001.

6. Assign the workgroup, prior to July 1, 2001, present to cochairmen of the JCC approved draft decisions on the issue of establishing posts of tripartite observers in the places of contact of the parties – in Kekhvi, Tamarasheni and Ergneti.

7. The Command of the JCC, within the period of one month, shall develop the provision on the joint headquarters and present it for approval to cochairmen of the JCC.

8. The Commander of the JPKF, in coordination with the chief military superiors, shall plan and take actions directed towards implementation of the objectives pursuant to the Provision on Main Principles of Activities of Military Contingents and Groups of Military Observers, together with the law enforcement organs, and independently, through necessary informing of heads of local administration, where the actions is being planned. Inform the cochairmen of the JCC about the actions to be taken.

9. Express gratitude to the European Commission, the OSCE and the Government of Norway for the funds allocated for the purpose of equipping the Special Coordination Center under the JCC

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the OSCE

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol #11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001

DECISION THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

The JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement states that the meeting of cochairmen of the JCC on February 8, 2001 in Tskhinvali, consultative meeting of Georgian and South Ossetian experts of the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues on March 15, 2001 in Tbilisi, sessions of the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues on March 21-23, 2001 in Moscow and April 4-6, 2001 in Tbilisi (Tabakhmela) allowed the parties to coordinate the approaches and develop the principles of formation and realization of inter-state Russian-Georgia program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

The parties emphasize the positive efforts of international organizations and donor countries in realization of social, economic and humanitarian programs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and express hope for future development of cooperation towards this direction.

Considering the proposals presented by the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues and based on the provisions of the agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation and rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Gerona-Ossetia conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000 (hereafter referred to as the Agreement).

The JCC resolved:

1. Approve the following developed by the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues:

1.1. The principles of formation of inter-state Russian-Georgian programs on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (hereafter referred to as the program).

1.1.1. The program shall be directed towards the rehabilitation and development of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, raising the living standards of the population.

1.1.2. The program shall incorporate:

a) substantiation of the necessity for developing and realization of the Program taking in the account the social-economic situation in the zone of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict, basic problems of the social and economic development and precondition for the resolution thereof;

b) goals, objectives, terms and stages of realization of the Program;

c) system of actions of the Program;

d) assessment of the efficiency of the social and economic and ecological consequences of the realization of the Program;

e) organization of the control over realization of the Program.

1.1.3. Draft program shall be developed by the workgroup of the JCC on economic issues through carrying out preliminary consultations of experts of South Ossetian and Georgian parties and presented to the plenary session of the JCC for approval.

1.1.4. After approving by the JCC the draft program, cochairmen of the JCC from Georgian and Russian parties shall ensure carrying out necessary inter-state procedures and present the Program for signing.

1.1.5. After signing by the official persons represented by the leadership of the parties, the Program shall become effective in accordance with the Agreement.

1.1.6. Changes and amendments to the Program may be introduced in coordination with the parties in accordance with the Agreement.

1.2. Mechanism of the Program implementation:

1.2.1. For the purpose of developing and realizing the Program, Russian and Georgian parties shall establish the Russian-Georgian inter-state organ with the representations in Moscow and Tbilisi, with executive directorate of the Program in Tskhinvali. Representations of Moscow and Tbilisi, if possible, shall be established directly after the plenary session of the JCC in Vladikavkaz.

1.2.2. Russian and Georgian parties shall represent the normative and legal basis for direct realization of the program and take actions for providing funding of the Program from respective state budgets and other sources.

1.2.3. Contractual and sub-contractual organizations, for the purpose of constructing entities within the Program, shall be attracted, in general, on competition basis.

1.2.4. The JCC shall take into account the fact that Russian and Georgian parties expressed intention to start working on the draft provision on Russian-Georgian inter-state organ with the participation of South Ossetian and Georgian parties, with further submission to the organs of state authorities of the parties according to the set rules.

1.2.5. For the purpose of realization of the program, the parties shall attract sources of international donors and investors. To this end, joint Georgian-South Ossetian organ for realization of the Program shall be established with the participation of international donors and investors.

1.2.6. The JCC shall take into account that Georgian and South Ossetian parties expressed their intention to start working on the draft provision on Georgian-South Ossetian organ for realization of the Program with the participation of international donors and investors.

1.2.7. Russian-Georgian inter-state organ and South Ossetian organ shall carry out permanent exchange of information and mutual consultations.

1.2.8.. Control over the realization of the Program shall be taken by the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.

1.2.9.. The scheme for formation and realization of the program is attached (see Annex 2).

2. Recommend Russian and Georgian parties to carry out negotiations in the second half of May 2001 in Moscow with the participation of authorized representatives of South Ossetian and Georgian parties on the issues of development and management of the Program on rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and priority projects of the program.

3. Recommend the parties to review the presented by South Ossetian party the package of projects for their inclusion in the Program and introduce their comments and proposals thereof.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the OSCE

and the EC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 3 To Protocol #11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001

DECISION on the Process of Return of Refugees

The JCC resolved:

1. Use as the basis the daft Russian-Georgian Program on Return, Accommodation, Integration and Reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other Persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict presented by Special Committee of refugees which includes actions to be taken for rehabilitation of economy in the regions for them to return.

2. Assign the Special Committee of Refugees, prior to June 2001, complete the above-noted draft Program and present it for consideration to cochairmen of the JCC.

3. Apply to the Chief Commissar of UN on the affairs of refugees with the request to consider the activities of UN regarding resolution of the problem of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict as the first priority, accelerate appointment of the Head of the Mission of UN in Georgia and sending their authorized representatives to participate in the development and realization of the inter-state Program of return, Accommodation, Integration and Reintegration of refugees, IDPs and other Persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

4. Assign the Special Committee of refugees to determine the categories of citizens falling under the concept of “other persons”.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the OSCE

and the EC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

 

 

 

 

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART JOINT FORCES FOR MAINTAINING PEACE IN THE ZONE OF THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT

Assistant to the Commander of SSPM on cooperation with law-enforcement organs from the Russian side

Commander of SSPM

Press-Center

Head of the Press-Center 1 from Russian Side

 

 

 

Russian Side

Journalists

Georgian Side

North-Ossetian Side

United Military Headquarters

Head of ОШ ССПМ

Chief commander of RF

Chief commander of Georgia

 

Chief commander of Ossetia

Chief commander of Georgia

 

Sen/Supervisor of Russia

 

Deputy of НШ of N/Ossetian Party

Deputy of НШ of Georgian Party

 

МСБ from RF

МСБ from Georgia

 

МСБ from Alania

 

Rus/Oss/Geor .Supervisors, 18 each

 

 

 

Operative.Dept

Rus.Signal Office Center

Transport Department

 

 

Head Operat.Dept of Russia

 

Operator from Russia

 

КО – 1 from Rus.Side

НШ Assistant on Communications from Russia

Drivers

Security Dept. of Russia – 10 persons

Commandant'

From Rus.Side -2

НШ Assistant on engineering from Russia

 

Operator from N/Ossetia

 

Medical Unit (2 from Ossetain side)

 

Operator from Georgia

 

From Georgian Side -3

Military Commandant’s Office: Commandant – 1;

From N/Ossetia – 1;

From Georgia – 1;

From N/Ossetia – 6;

Head of Guardhouse from N/Ossetia – 1;

Driver from N/Ossetia -2

 

 

 

НШ Assistant on `РАВ from Russia

 

 

Operator on duty – 8 persons

 

From N/Ossetian Side - 1

 

 

Secretary (1 from N/Ossetia)

 

ОШ Commander from Russia - 1

 

 

Typist (1 from N/Ossetia)

 

 

 

Clerk/draftsman (1 from N/Ossetia)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

 

Annex 4 To Protocol #11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz

DECISION on the Actions to be taken for Improvement of the Activities of the JCC

For the purpose of improving the activities of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement, the JCC resolved:

1. For the purpose of making operative decisions on the issues being under the competence of the JCC, within the period between the plenary sessions of the JCC, deem it expedient to carry out regular meetings of heads of parts of the JCC (cochairmen of the JCC).

State that the decisions made by cochairmen of the JCC shall be formed in the form of protocols and become effective upon their adoption.

The venue and date of holding of meetings of cochairmen of the JCC as well as agendas thereof shall be defined along the way.

1. For the purpose of complete coverage of the activities of the JCC, close cooperation of the JCC with the press (mass media) shall be provided.

2. Raise the issue with the OSCE about the possibility to render multilateral efficient assistance on the part of the JCC for increasing the efficiency of is activities.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

PROTOCOL of the Gali Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides

On 11 May 2001 a meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides was held in Gali Region in presence of the Chief Military Observer of the UN General Bajwa and the Chief of Staff of the PKF of the CIS General D.L. Bughaev.

In the course of the Meeting the Sides agreed to carry out the following measures:

1. The Georgian Side will hand over to the Abkhaz side six hostages.

2. The law-enforcement agencies of the Abkhaz side will hand over to the law-enforcement agencies of the Georgian side three arrested people suspected in murder and other heavy crimes. Concurrently the Georgian law-enforcement agencies will receive the files on criminal cases to be considered and bring the aforementioned persons to justice.

3. The Mission of the UN will exercise the control on the implementation of these agreements and facilitate the sides in their realization.

From the Georgian Side A. Ioseliani

From the Abkhaz Side A. Jergenia

From the UNOMIG A. Bajva

From the CIS Peacekeeping Forces D. Bughaev

11 May 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

MEMORANDUM ON THE MEETING BETWEEN L. A. CHIBIROV AND Y. M. LUZHKOV

The leader of the South Ossetia L. A. Chibirov and the mayor of Moscow Y. M. Luzhkov held the meeting on 21 may 2001 in Moscow.

Based on historically established partnership and friendly relation, mutual aim to the comprehensive development of cooperation,

Recognizing the necessity for more effective application of existing opportunities to develop mutual cooperation,

Being guided with the Agreement concluded between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Georgia on cooperation with regard of reconstruction of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and on return of refugees of 23 December 2000,

Declaring on establishment and development of friendly relation and cooperation between the South Ossetia and Moscow, stressing on mutual desire to cooperation in the regulation of conflict and restoration of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone, constructive participation of the Moscow’s Government in the work of joint Assessment Commission on regulation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict,

Agreed upon the following:

1. The South Ossetia and Moscow exercise the cooperation based on the principles of long-term cooperation and mutual benefit; assist each other in emergency situations.

2. The South Ossetia and Moscow exercise trade-economic cooperation encouraging direct links between the organizations; promote establishment of joint ventures introducing the realization of join investments and other projects that are within the sphere of mutual interests, in particularly under the auspices of Joint Assessment Commission on reconstruction of economy in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict. For this purpose the South Ossetia and Moscow cooperate in the sphere of transport, communication, education, health care and environment protection.

3. The South Ossetia and Moscow develop scientific-technological cooperation; cooperate in preparation of scientific personnel, hold the joint conferences, seminars and working meetings.

4. The South Ossetia and Moscow develop the cooperation in the sphere of culture, tourism infrastructure development and sport.

5. The South Ossetia and Moscow exchange the information in economic and humanitarian spheres, assist the media representatives to disseminate objective and timely information regarding ongoing events.

6. The South Ossetia and Moscow hold the talks and consultations when necessary to organize the cooperation.

For the South Ossetian side L. A. Chibirov

For the Moscow side Y. M. Louzhkov

21 May 2001

(Archive of the OSCE Mission in Georgia)

 

 

Annex 4 To Protocol # 11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz

DECISION on the Actions to be taken for Improvement of the Activities of the JCC

For the purpose of improving the activities of the JCC for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement, the JCC resolved:

1. For the purpose of making operative decisions on the issues being under the competence of the JCC, within the period between the plenary sessions of the JCC, deem it expedient to carry out regular meetings of heads of parts of the JCC (cochairmen of the JCC).

State that the decisions made by cochairmen of the JCC shall be formed in the form of protocols and become effective upon their adoption.

The venue and date of holding of meetings of cochairmen of the JCC as well as agendas thereof shall be defined along the way.

1. For the purpose of complete coverage of the activities of the JCC, close cooperation of the JCC with the press (mass media) shall be provided.

2. Raise the issue with the OSCE about the possibility to render multilateral efficient assistance on the part of the JCC for increasing the efficiency of is activities.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex to Protocol #11 of the JCC Session dated April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz

PROVISION On Special Coordinating Center (the SCC) under the JCC for Mutual Activities of Law Enforcement Organs in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

The Georgian and Ossetian parties, together with the Russian federation and North Ossetian Republic – Alania, in participation with the OSCE,

Recognizing the right of all citizens to safe dwelling in the places of their previous residence and return thereof,

Acting in accordance with the Agreement on the principles of resolving the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, signed in Sochi on June 24, 1992, the provision on Joint Control, Forces (JCC) dated October 31, 1994, the Memorandum on the actions to be taken for ensuring safety and strengthening mutual confidence between the parties to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict dated May 16, 1996, the Protocol on mutual activities of law enforcement organs in the one of conflict signed in Java on September 26, 1997, Resolution of the 10th (14th) session of the JCC dated July 23, 1999,

Confirming its striving for inter-national agreement, peace, providing guarantees of safety and observing the rights of individuals,

Expressing its readiness for securing safety of returned refugees and IDPs to the places of their previous residence and abolishing illegal actions,

Agreed to establish the Special Coordinating Center (the SCC) for mutual activities of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

1. The main functions of the SCC shall be:

1.1. To coordinate efforts of respective organs of the parties for taking preventive measures and preventing illegal actions in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

1.2. To develop and realize of joint actions for fighting against crime in close cooperation with the Command of the JPKF.

1.3. To organize taking of actions for voluntary handing of weapons, arms, ammunition and explosive substances.

1.4. To support taking of operative-investigative actions for disclosing severe crimes, including for the previous years.

1.5. To develop and implement joint target programs for fighting against organized crime, drag-business, smuggling, coinage offense, kidnapping, hijacking.

1.7. To hold discussions on current operative issues with the participation of all parties minimum once a month.

1.7. To analyze operative situation and exchange information.

1.8. To present report to the plenary sessions of the JCC about the conducted works.

2. Composition of the SCC

2.1. The the SCC shall consist of the authorized representatives of employees of central organs of executive authorities of Georgian and South Ossetian parties. The the SCC shall carry out its activities in close cooperation with the Command of the JCC.

2.2. Each party shall appoint cochairman of the SCC from the authorized representatives.

2.3. Cochairman of the SCC shall be authorized to make decision on the issues of law and order.

2.4. Chairman f the plenary session shall be the head of the recipient party.

2.5. For the implementation of the SCC decisions, a Council of permanent representatives shall be established, to which operative-investigative group, the group for organizing mutual activities of law enforcement organs off the parties and the computer center are subordinated (see Annex1). The SCC and its structures shall be located under the Joint headquarters of the JPKF.

2.6. The SCC shall develop and present to the JCC the provision on its structural subdivisions.

2.7. The provision, regaling the mutual activities of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict shall become effective upon its signing.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In participation of the OSCE

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

PROTOCOL #2 ON RESULTS OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

July 3, 2001, Tskhinvali

Chaired by:

L. Tibilov Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On activities of the JPKF;

2. On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On return of refugees.

4. On proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission.

Cochairmen reviewed the above-noted issues and resolved:

1. On activities of the JPKF.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Gobozov, Mayorov, Churaev, Shubladze)

1.1. Approve the decision of activities of the JPKF (Annex 1).

2. On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Gobozov, Mayorov)

2.1. Approve the decision on measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Annex 2).

3. On return of refugees

(Tibilov, Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Gobozov, Mayorov, Shresta)

3.1. Approve the decision on the process of return of refugees (Annex 3).

4. On proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission.

(Ivar Vikki, Jan Vantomme, Tibilov, Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Gobozov, Mayorov, Roseanu)

4.1. Approve the decision on proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission.

L. Tibilov, Cochairman from South Ossetian Party.

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To Protocol #2 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated July 3, 2001 Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On activities of the JPKF

Cochairmen of the JCC

1. Assign the workgroup, prior to July 15, 2001, to present to cochairmen of the JCC the agreed draft decision on the places for establishing posts of tripartite observers in the regions of contact of the parties – Kekhvi, Tamarasheni, Ergneti.

2, Cochairmen of the JCC from Georgian and Russian parties shall raise the issue with the respective organs of the executive authorities on the necessity to staff the Joint Headquarters in accordance with the approved organizational and staff structure and provide the peacemaking battalions of the parties with material and technical resources prior to August 1, 2001.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

Eoropean Commisison

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol # 2 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated July 3, 2001, Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict

1. Cochairmen of the JCC express with great satisfaction about the striving of the parties, international organizations, representatives of business circles, any person who expresses the readiness to participate on the economic rehabilitation of the zone of conflict, to develop initiatives for practical realization of the provisions of the Agreement between the Governments of Russian Federation and Georgia on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees dated December 23, 2000.

2. For the purpose of preventing reaction of the parties with regard to actions in connection with the formation and realization of programs considered under the Agreement, cochairmen of the JCC agreed on closer coordination thereof.

Recommend Russian and Georgian parties, until the end of July, 2001, to make a decision on formation the inter-governmental organ and develop the mechanism for realization of the Agreement with the participation of South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties.

3. Prior to July 15, 2001, to hold consultations of Georgian and South Ossetian parties on the issues of developing inter-state Russian-Georgian program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (hereafter the Program) and the priority draft program presented by the parties.

4. Recommend Russian and Georgian parties, during the last decay of July 2001, to hold in Moscow the negotiations with the participation of the authorized representatives of South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties on the issues of management of the Program and development of priority draft program.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

Eoropean Comission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 3 To Protocol # 2 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated July 3, 2001 Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Return of Refugees

Cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. In accordance with paragraph 11 of the provision on the ad hoc committee of the JCC for cooperation in voluntary return of refugees and IDPs as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict to the places of their previous permanent residence, considering the proposal about introducing changes to the said provision, on the basis of the decision of the JCC dated April 21, 2001 (Annex 4 to Protocol 11), introduce the following amendment to paragraph 6 of the Provision of the JCC:

- the parties of the JCC shall establish a working commission with the participation of interested (concerned) agencies and local organs of authorities for considering the statements of refugees and IDPs on the issues of their return to the palaces of their previous permanent residence and preparation of concrete proposals, as well as active units for the purpose of organizing works of the ad hoc committee.

2. The parties address to UN with the proposal to start closer cooperation and concretize participation of UN in the process of return, integration and reintegration of refugees and IDPs.

 

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 4 To Protocol # 2 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated July 3, 2001,Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission

Cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Cochairmen of the JCC deem it expedient to hold the next, 6th meeting of expert groups for political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Taking into account the proposal of the active chairmanship of the OSCE and the decision made in Vladikavkaz, propose the parties, prior to July 15, 2001, to exchange opinions with regard to the meeting and inform the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia as well as each other about the decisions made.

2. The parties marked with great satisfaction the readiness of the EC to render multi-sided effective assistance to the JCC and expert groups in enhancing the efficiency of their activities.

3. The parties took into account the proposal of the ERC on funding the project on issuance of the Bulletin of the JCC.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence:

the OSCE Mission

the European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Seventh Session of the Working Group One

On 10 July 2001 at Sukhumi headquarter of the UNOMIG the Seventh Session of the Working Group One was held under the chairmanship of the Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG Major General Anis A. Badjwa. The Georgian delegation was led by Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze. The Abkhaz delegation was led by Lieutenant General Givi Agrba. The delegation of the CIS PKF was led by Major General Nikolay Sidorychev. The Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General Mr. Dieter Boden opened the session and made an address.

1. At this Session the Group discussed two principal issues: first, the activity of the Joint Fact-Finding Group (JFFG) and the Joint Group (JG); secondly, the delimitation of the Restricted Weapon Zones on either side of the Cease-Fire Line.

2. The UNOMIG and the both sides summed up the results of the work of the Joint Fact-Finding Group. The session agreed upon the following recommendations. It recommends these to the Coordinating Council for approval.

a) The two Sides will continue working with one another in a spirit of mutual trust in order to prevent the violations of Moscow Agreement, to reduce the level of criminality within the areas under their responsibility and to bring the perpetrators to justice.

b) To this end, all of the nominated members of both groups are conscientiously to attend both meetings and investigations of the JFFG an the JG. When the nominated member to the joint Group is unable to attend, he is to send a deputy in his stand. These deputies shall be appointed officially. If any of the sides wishes to replace one of its nominees for either Group, it should do it formally in writing.

c) The Sides will henceforth exchange written information about cases at the weekly Quadripartite meetings.

3. Before the Session the both sides had submitted proposals to the CIS PKF for altering the limits of the Restricted Weapon Zone. None of recommendations was agreed. The both sides will consider the proposals made by the other and will finalize their response before the next meeting of the Coordinating Council on 17 July 2001.

4. The Eighth Session of the Working Group One will be held at the headquarter of the UNOMIG in Tbilisi in the mid-September 2001.

For the Georgian Side P. Moniava

For the Abkhaz Side G. Agrba

For the CPKF of the CIS N. Sidorichev

For the UNOMIG A. Bajva

10 July 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on Non-Implementation by the Russian Federation of the Joint Statement Adopted at the Istanbul OSCE Summit in 1999

The Parliament of Georgia is extremely concerned by the fact of non-implementation by the Russian Federation of the Joint Statement adopted at the Istanbul OSCE Summit in 1999 and emphasizes that the Russian Federation has violated the international agreement by not closing the Gudauta military base in within a fixed time-frame.

The Parliament of Georgia … calls upon the Russian Federation to fully implement all provisions of the Joint Istanbul OSCE Statement.

Non-implementation of pledged commitments taken in the front of International Community-is a dangerous precedent and poses threat to the modern, universally recognized norms of international law and the established world order.

Driving out of ethnic Georgians from Abkhazia in 1992-94 was qualified by the OSCE as an ethnic cleansing, and the introduction by Russia of via-free, favorable conditions for Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region was qualified by the European Parliament as an attempt at factual annexation. Dragging out by the Russian Federation of the process of closing the Gudauta military base-represents the gross violation of international agreement and amounts to overt support to the separatist regime of Abkhazia. The recent manifestly unfriendly steps taken by the Russian Federation against Georgia, namely, unilateral introduction of visa -free regime on the territories under the control of separatist regimes in Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region.

Seeking to achieve mutually acceptable and timely agreement with regard to time -frame for closing the Batumi and Akhalkalaki military bases and declaring that it is not in the best interests of Georgia to have on its territory military bases of foreign states,

The Parliament of Georgia decrees:

Purposeful blockage by the Russian Federation of the process of closing the Gudauta military base is to be qualified as gross violation of State sovereignty of Georgia, overt support of the separatist regime of Abkhazia and attempt at legitimization of factual occupation and annexation of the part of the territory of Georgia after the ethnic cleansing that took place in 1992-94.

- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia shall appeal to the OSCE and its member states, as well as to other international organizations to react adequately to the fact of gross violation by the Russian Federation of the Joint Istanbul OSCE Statement adopted in 1999;

- Ministry of Taxation and Ministry of Finance of Georgia shall secure, in accordance with the established regulations, definition of amount of taxes to be paid by the Russian Federation for usage the territory of Georgia (land tax) and other taxes;

- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia shall start negotiations with the Russian Federation on the issues related to compensation for illegally withdrawn from Georgia, after 1991, military property of the USSR that belonged to Georgia.

- To entrust competent committees of the Parliament of Georgia with a task of preparing proposals relating to payment of material and ecological damage caused by the presence of Russian military bases on the territory of Georgia.

- In case of non-implementation by the Russian Federation of its commitments envisaged in the Istanbul Joint Statement, the Parliament of Georgia shall address the issue of expedience of ratification of the adopted agreement on Conventional Forces in Europe.

Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia Z. Zhvania

18 July 2001

(Newspaper “Afkhazetis khma”, # 29, 20 July 2001)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1364 (31 JULY 2001) ADOPTED BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1339 (2001) of 31 January 2001, and the statements of its President of 21 March 2001 (S/PRST/2001/9) and 24 April 2001 (S/PRST/2001/12),

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 19 July 2001 (S/2001/713),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Deeply concerned by the interruption of negotiating activities following the killings and hostage-taking incidents in April and May 2001 in the district of Gali, on 8 and 9 July 2001 in the Gulripshi area and again on 22 July 2001 in Primorsk,

Expressing its regrets at the cancellation of the thirteenth session of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz sides, initially scheduled for 17 July 2001, due to the withdrawal of the Abkhaz side following those incidents,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Welcoming the important contributions that the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) continue to make in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, noting that the working relationship between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping force has remained very close, and stressing the importance of close cooperation between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

Noting the invitation of the Georgian Government for the Security Council to dispatch a mission to the region,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 19 July 2001;

2 Regrets the deterioration of the situation in the zone of conflict due to the ongoing violence, hostage-taking incidents, the rise in criminality and the activities of illegal armed groups in the conflict zone, which constitutes a constant threat to the peace process;

3. Strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation, in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

4. Recalls the intention of the Special Representative to submit the draft paper on the question of the distribution of constitutional competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi as a basis for meaningful negotiations, and not as an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;

5. Stresses the importance of early submission to the parties of the paper as a starting point and significant catalyst for negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement, and deeply regrets that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General has not been in a position to do so;

6. Stresses also the need to accelerate work on the draft protocol on the return of the refugees to the Gali region and measures for economic rehabilitation, as well as on the draft agreement on peace and guarantees for the prevention and for the non-resumption of hostilities;

7. Calls upon the parties, in particular the Abkhaz side, to undertake immediate efforts to move beyond the impasse and to engage into negotiations on the core political questions of the conflict and all other outstanding issues in the United Nations-led peace process;

8. Welcomes the documents signed at the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), and urges the Georgian and Abkhaz sides to implement the proposals agreed in those documents in a purposeful and cooperative manner;

9. Calls upon the parties to resume their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms as soon as possible;

10. Urges the parties to work together, through more effective use of existing arrangements within the Coordinating Council mechanisms, in order to clarify the incidents of 8, 9 and 22 July 2001, bring about the release of the hostages still being held and bring the perpetrators to justice;

11. Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, and reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II);

12. Further urges the parties, in this context, to address urgently and in a concerted manner, as a first step, the undefined and insecure status of spontaneous returnees to the Gali district, which remains an issue of serious concern;

13. Welcomes measures undertaken by the Government of Georgia, the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Office for the Coordinator of Humanitarian Affairs and the World Bank to improve the situation of refugees and internally displaced persons to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;

14. Recalls with satisfaction the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, carried out under the aegis of the United Nations, and looks forward to a discussion by the parties of practical steps to implement the mission’s recommendations;

15. Deplores all violations of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I), and notes with particular concern the military exercises conducted by both parties in June and July 2001 in violation of the Moscow Agreement;

16. Expresses its concern at the disturbing tendency by the parties to restrict the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, thereby hindering the ability of the Mission to fulfil its mandate, urges both sides to return immediately to full compliance with the Moscow Agreement, which remains a cornerstone of the United Nations peace effort, and calls upon the parties to ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and other international personnel;

17. Recalls that the Georgian and the Abkhaz sides bear the primary responsibility for the security of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel and for full compliance with all security arrangements agreed between them to preclude any further aggravation of the situation, and urges both parties to bring to justice the perpetrators of all hostage-taking incidents, particularly the abduction of two UNOMIG military observers in the Kodori Valley on 10 December 2000;

18. Reminds the Georgian side in particular to uphold its commitment to put a stop to the activities of illegal armed groups crossing into Abkhazia, Georgia, from the Georgian-controlled side of the ceasefire line;

19. Welcomes UNOMIG keeping its security arrangements under constant review in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

20. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2002, subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force, and expresses its intention to conduct a thorough review of the operation at the end of its current mandate, in the light of steps taken by the parties to achieve a comprehensive settlement;

21. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, and requests also the Secretary-General to provide for a briefing within three months on the progress of the political settlement, including on the status of the draft paper his Special Representative intends to submit to the parties as referred to in paragraph 4 above;

22. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

PROTOCOL #3 OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

August 2, 2001, Moscow

Chaired by:

M. Mayorov – Ambassador of Special Tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia Head of Russian Part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties for fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict;

2. On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On return of refugees.

4. On proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission.

Resolved:

1. On activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties for fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Mayorov, Kublashvili, Kochiev, Gobozov)

1.1. Approve the decision of activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties for fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Annex 1).

2. On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Mayorov)

2.1. Approve the decision on measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Annex 2).

On return of refugees

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Gobozov, Mayorov)

3.1. Approve the decision on the process of return of refugees (Annex 3).

4. On proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Gobozov, Mayorov, Lacombe)

4.1. Approve the decision on proposals of active chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission (Annex 4).

M. Mayorov, Chairman of Session Head of Russian Part of the JCC Party.

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To Protocol # 3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001 Moscow

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs of the parties for fight against crime in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Having considered the draft decisions on the issues of putting posts of tripartite observers of the parties in the areas of contact – Kekhvi, Tamarasheni, Ergneti, presented by the workgroup in accordance with paragraph 6 of Annex 1 to Protocol #11 of the session of the JCC dated April 21, 2001,

having marked that during the period after the 11th session of the JCC (April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz) the situation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict remained stable although there were some illegal penetrations of armed persons in the zone of conflict that caused armed confrontation with the law enforcement organs of South Ossetia and victims thereof,

having noted the necessity to direct joint efforts of peacemaking forces and law enforcement organs towards strengthening of control over entry to, and exit from the zone of conflict and non-admission of import of arms, weapons military techniques and other means to the zone of conflict without a special permission, that may be used for the purpose of acts of terror and sabotage,

cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Along the direction to Patsa-Tskhinvali, in the inhabited area of Kekhvi, on the existed joint posts of law enforcement organs of Georgian and South Ossetian parties, put military observers of Russia, Georgia and Ossetian parties.

2. Along the direction to Tkviavi-Ergneti-Eredvi, the above noted tasks shall be implemented through establishing mobile posts in the places defined under the decision of the Joint headquarters of military command.

3. Each post shall include armored cars with special crews from peacemaking battalions of Russian Federation.

4. When fulfilling the duties at the joint posts, Russian military observers shall bear main responsibilities.

5. The procedure for fulfilling the duties at the joint posts shall be defined under the decision of the Joint Headquarters of the military command in accordance with paragraph 8 of protocol 311 of the JCC dated April 21, 2001.

6. Assign the workgroup to continue considering the issue on putting tripartite military observers in the village of Tamarasheni and present the draft decision prior to September 15, 2001.

7. The issue of further existence of the tripartite military observers at the above-noted joint posts shall be considered at the next plenary session and meetings of cochairmen of the JCC.

The issue on approving the new commander of the JPKF shall be resolved in the near future.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol #3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001, Moscow

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On measures to be taken for development and realization of inter-state program for mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict

Having considered the results of Russian-Georgian negotiations with the participation of the authorized delegations of South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties with the participation of the representatives of the OSCE and European Commission on the issue of developing and management of intergovernmental Russian-Georgian program on cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (hereafter the Program),

cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Mark with great satisfaction that in the process of the negotiations the parties achieved agreement on identification of priority directions and concrete proposals on formation of draft program, as well as measures to be taken for further coordination of the projects for the near future, which is a very important positive step towards the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

2. Approve the Protocol on the results of Russian-Georgian negotiations with the participation of the representatives of the OSCE and European Commission on the issue of developing and management of intergovernmental Russian-Georgian program on cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Cochairmen of the JCC shall actively support realization of the provisions of the above-noted program.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 3 To Protocol #3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001 Moscow

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Return of Refugees

Cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Take into account the information of the parties on the actions taken by UN for activating efforts of this international organization in the process of return, integration and reintegration of refugees ad IDPs.

2. Prior to October 1, 2001, hold the session of ad hoc committee of the JCC for support of voluntary return of refugees and IDPs as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict to the places of the previous residence.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 4 To Protocol #3 of Session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001, Moscow

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Proposals of Acting Chairmanship of the OSCE and the European Commission

Cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Deem it expedient to hold the next 6th meeting of the expert groups for political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict from September 14 to September 19, 2001.

Take into account the information of the Head of the mission of the OSCE in Georgia on the readiness of the Romanian chairmanship of the OSCE to organize the above-noted meeting of the expert groups in Bucharest (Romania) by taking into account the desires of the parties.

2. Mark with great satisfaction the readiness of the European Commission to render financial assistance to Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC and expert groups for the purpose of development of the peaceful process.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE GALI MEETING between the Georgian and Abkhaz Side

On 14 August 2001, a meeting between the representatives of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides took place in the Gali region. The meeting proceeded under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden—Special Representative of the UN Secretary General in Georgia, with participation of the Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG General A.A.Bajwa and the Commander of the Peacekeeping forces of CIS -General N.Sidorichev.

At the end of the meeting, the Parties agreed on the following:

1. Pursuant to the Protocol of 11 June 2000, the CIS Peacekeeping Forces and the UNOMIG shall carry out, within a week, verification of the numerical composition of military formations of the Parties located in the security zone.

2. Due to the existing situation, the Parties call upon the CIS Peacekeeping Forces to more actively implement its own Mandate in terms of taking active measures against any manifestation of violence, terror and subversion.

3. The Parties shall activate their fight with illegal paramilitary groups and individuals acting in the security zone. To this end, the law enforcement bodies of the Parties shall exchange information available to them.

4. The law enforcement bodies of the Parties shall take steps aimed at identification of whereabouts of detained persons and protect them with an aimed of further transfer them to respective Side…

Within ten days, representatives of law-enforcement bodies of the Parties shall hold a meeting with a view of exchange of information on the measures taken.

On behalf of the Georgian Side Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze

On behalf of the Abkhaz Side General-Major Raul Khajinba

On behalf of the UN Mr. Dieter Boden

On behalf of the CIS Peacekeeping Forces General -Major Nikolai Sidorichev

14 August 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

annex to the Protocol of 1 4 August 2001

LIST OF UNLAWFULLY DETAINED PEOPLE

At the Georgian side

1. Mr Arutunyan

2. Mr Slavik Kvarchia

3. Mr Kvarchia (brother)

4. Mr Poliakov

5. Mr Poliakov

6. Mr Givi Kharchilava

7. Mr Mikholazhin

 

At the Abkhaz side

1. Mr Vakhtang Lashkov

2. Mr Zurab Zarandia

3. Mr Temur Patsia

4. Mr Chaprava

5. Mr Evstrakh Sotkilava

6. Mr Zhilve Dzandzava

7. Mr Khvicha Dzandzava

8. Mr Gocha Dzandzava

9. Mr Badri Tsanava

10. Mr Givi Beraia

11. Mr Merab Gogilava

12. Mr Arnet Shonia

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Eighth Session of the Working Group One

On 11 September 2001 at Tbilisi headquarter of the UNOMIG the Eighth Ssession of the Working Group One was held under the chairmanship of the Chief Military observer of the UNOMIG Major General Anis Badjwa. The Georgian delegation was led by Mr. Polikarp Moniava. The Abkhaz delegation was led by Lieutenant General Vladimir Arshba. Major-General Dmitriy Bughayev participated from the CIS PKF. Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze and Mr. Zurab Lakerbaia also participated at the session. After opening remarks of the chairman the following issues were discussed:

1. Security issues.

A. Chief of Staff of the CIS PKF delivered report on the situation in the conflict zone and in the Kodori Valley.

B. The Georgian side will provide the information at the Quadripartite Meeting on 20 September 2001 regarding the implementation of Paragraph 2.4 of the Moscow Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces signed 14 May 1994.

C. In accordance with this Agreement, CIS PKF and UNOMIG will carry out regular patrols of the Kodori Valley. (By the end of September 2001, the Georgian side will have held the relevant consultations on ensuring the security for the UN Military Observers and the CIS PKF).

D. The Georgian side, if necessary, will consider possibility of a single participation of the representative from the Abkhaz side in patrolling in the Kodori Valley.

E. The sides agreed that if there is suspicion in arbitrary execution of detained persons, the sides shall secure immediate access of the group of doctors of the UNOMIG to the dead body for carrying out an independent examination.

F. In accordance with the Gali Protocol of 11 May 2001, the Georgian side will provide information by September 20 of 2001 on the progress of criminal investigations into the persons handed over by the Abkhaz side. The UNOMIG will continue controlling over the implementation of this Protocol.

G. The Abkhaz side will check the information provided by the Georgian side on 11 September 2001 and, if confirmed, will take measures to ensure the security of the peaceful population.

2. Gali Protocol of 14 August 2001

A. The sides provided the information on implementation of Paragraph 4 of the Protocol of the Gali Meeting of 14 August 2001.

B. The following information was provided with regard of the persons held on the Georgian side:

(1) the whereabouts of two persons are still unknown.

(2) four hostages have been released.

(3) One is dead.

C. The following information was provided with regard of the persons held on the Abkhaz side:

(1) the whereabouts of six hostages are still unknown (including Mr. Gabelia who was originally listed at the Annex to the Protocol);

(2) six hostages have been released

(3) one corpse has been returned to the Georgian Side.

D. The Group agreed to take all necessary measures to find missing persons.

3. The Joint Fact-Finding Group. The Chairman of the Joint Fact-Finding Group reported on the activity of the Group since the last Session on 10 July 2001.

3. As agreed at the Seventh Session, the sides confirmed that the members of the Joint Fact-Finding Group will exchange information in writing at the weekly quadripartite meetings of the Joint Fact-Finding Group.

A. Restricted Weapon Zone. The sides discussed the issue on review the limits of Restricted Weapon Zone. The Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG will have additional consultations with the sides on this issue before the next session of the Coordinating Council with a view to putting forward a mutually acceptable recommendations.

5. Next Session. The next Ninth Session of the Working Group One will be held at the headquarter of the UNOMIG in Sukhumi in mid-December of 2001.

For the Georgian Side P. Moniava

For the Abkhaz Side V. Arshrba

For the CIS PKF D. Bugayev

For the UNOMIG A. Bajva

11 September 2001

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

On 27th of September 8 years passed by since the fall of Sukhumi, tragedy of Abkhazia.

The forces, based outside the country, forced Georgia to get involved in the war, which resulted in temporary lost of control over the integral part of the country. It destroyed and impoverished the one of the most beautiful part of Georgia. The population of Abkhazia has been divided in two parts - brotherly nationality representatives, which had lived next to each other for centuries and worked hard for prosperity of this part of this land.

Thousands of people have been killed and injured, two thirds of the population - Georgians, Abkhazians, Russians, Armenians, Greeks, Ukrainians, Estonians, have been forced to flee from the region. Economy and traditional way of living have come to an end. The remaining population or those, who returned to home after conflict, live in poverty, criminal situation is beyond the control, Georgians, Abkhazians and other ethnic group representatives are still being killed.

Hundreds of thousand of refugees and IDPs from Abkhazia residing in Georgia and abroad live in very poor conditions. They will never reconcile themselves to the tragic reality of the lost of Abkhazia, their homeland, humiliation and abuse they had undergone.

Unfortunately, efforts of the State and international community, made for full-scale resolution of Abkhaz conflict have not brought about desired results. Main reason for failure is inability to start a dialogue on status of Abkhazia within the Georgian State, for division of power between central and Abkhazian governments, for ensuring economic and social reintegration. Return of IDPs and refugees, restoration of peace and traditional links within society would become a prerequisite for development of Abkhazian people's identity.

The Parliament of Georgia expresses its hope that recent developments in the world, unprecedented consolidation of international community against terrorism, violence, aggressive separatism, new realities would become a clear-cut message for those, who try to destroy world order and is ready to sacrifice lives of peaceful citizens to their own vested interest.

The Parliament of Georgia on occasion of 8th anniversary of fall of Sukhumi once again expresses its adherence to the peaceful resolution of the conflict. At the same time, it declares that in case of further prolongation of the process of conflict resolution, the State authorities will be forced to use alternative methods for just resolution of the conflict.

The Parliament of Georgia calls upon the international community, UN, OSCE, group of friends of UN Secretary General, mediator - Russian Federation not to spare their efforts and take decisive measures for ensuring of full-scale resolution of the conflict.

Tbilisi, 27 September 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

The Sukhumi regime has made a decision to conduct elections of the so called Public Congress - the Parliament of Republic of Abkhazia - on November 24, 2001.

Despite the fact that the world community has many times expressed its position regarding recognition as null and void of any elections that are conducted in the absence of 2/3 of population, who are being persecuted at present, the Sukhumi regime still goes on with ignoring of opinions and assessments of the UN. They try, in order to endorse their own legitimacy, to legalize the forcefully changed demographic situation in Abkhazia, not to admit the refugees to native places, to consider the issue of so called independence as solved and to ignore the lawful interests of hundreds of thousands of persons.

The next elections of so called Parliament is one more attempt of Sukhumi regime to disregard the results of the ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia that were officially recognized at the Budapest (1994), Lisbon (1996) and Istanbul (1999) Summits of the OSCE.

The Parliament of Georgia expresses it belief that the above-mentioned illegal elections will not be left without the reaction from the world community. At the same time, the Sukhumi regime should, start in accordance with norms of international law, the process for the secure return of refugees and to take into consideration the demand of the world's leading states to start the dialogue on the status of Abkhazia.

The Parliament of Georgia draws the attention of political parties, functioning on the territory of Abkhazia, as well as of population, to take into account that the elections without participation of refugees will be followed not only by the negative reaction from the UN member states but will make the results of such elections unlawful and will violate the political rights of persecuted population.

The Parliament of Georgia appeals to the Security Council of the UN, to raise the issue of the unacceptable current situation and necessity to implement the appropriate steps in the current conflict settlement in Abkhazia.

The Parliament of Georgia considers it necessary that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia will make an official statement, addressed to the Security Council of the UN, the OSCE, Group of Countries-Friends of the UN Secretary-General on the Georgian issues and leaders of the CIS countries.

Tbilisi, September 27, 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the situation in the territory of Abkhazia

As Georgia has suffered itself from the tragic results of separatism, international terrorism and aggression during the last years, tenths of thousands of our compatriots have become the victims and hundreds of thousands of Abkhazia’s inhabitants turned to internally displaced persons;

As after deployment of Russian Peacekeepers under the auspices of the CIS to the conflict zone in Abkhazia in July 1994, ethnic cleansing of Georgians has not been stopped. It is confirmed that during this period more than 1700 persons were killed in security zone, Peacekeeping Forces committed numerous crimes against peaceful population. Abkhazia has become the territory without control, open for terrorists, drug and arms trafficking and organized crime.

Absence of constructive approach from the side of Russia brought to the deadlock the adoption and discussion of the project on Abkhazia’s status worked out by the UN and the representatives of Georgia’s friend countries.

As a result of biased and aggressive declarations of official Russia, directed towards Georgia has become a matter of concern, which is clear demonstration of double policy conducted by the leadership that itself continues broad-scale military operations in Chechnya in order to restore the territorial integrity of Russia;

As a result of recent multiple bombing and violating of Georgia’s air space it has become evident that Russia takes a role of the involved side in the conflict and the function of Peacekeeping Forces is limited to drawing “the border” and they are not the facilitators of the conflict settlement but rather its instigators. Deployment of additional military contingent and armaments in Abkhazia without the agreement of Georgian Government is another evidence of the aforementioned.

As the Peacekeeping Forces of Russia acting under the auspices of the CIS failed to carry out their mission and encouraged the renewal of military activities on the territory of Abkhazia; Parliament of Georgia decrees:

1. Considers inexpedient further presence of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces on the territory of Georgia.

2. Offers to the President of Georgia:

a) to implement the procedures of the Constitution of Georgia, its legislation and international law aimed at prompt and unconditional withdrawal of CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces;

b) Appeal to the UN, OSCE and to the governments of friendly countries to deploy international peacekeeping forces in conflict zone in order to substitute peacekeeping forces of Russian Federation; at the same time to increase the number of military observers and widen their mandate;

c) to take all possible measures at his disposal to ensure prompt implementation of Istanbul Summit Resolutions;

3. Calls upon the Executive Power of Georgia to take the appropriate measures in order to ensure security of the adjacent territory to the conflict zone.

4. Though under the recognized international law the displaced population enjoys the right to return home using any means, the Parliament of Georgia reaffirms its adherence to the principle of peaceful resolution of the conflict in Abkhazia.

5. Appeals to the population of Abkhazia, which had suffered austerities of fratricidal war, to the relatives of perished fighters both from Abkhaz and Georgian sides, also to those, who shall design the future of united Georgia and prevent the reiteration of the armed conflict.

6. Calls the President of Georgia to intensify the efforts for continuation of peace talks with the Abkhaz side.

7. Expresses the will of Georgian population and declares that it never accepts the breakaway of its historically indispensable part and peace and stability in Abkhazia will be ensured within the united Georgian state upon the final determination broad autonomy status of Abkhazia and return of IDP-s to their dwellings, which will serve as a solid basis for settlement Russian-Georgian relations.

8. Expresses its readiness to intensify its consultations with Russian executive and legislative powers in order to prevent further tension between the two countries.

Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia Zurab Zhvania

11 October 2001

(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, # 251, 12 October 2001)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA Concerning the situation on the territory of Abkhazia

As Georgia has suffered itself from the tragic results of separatism, international terrorism and aggression during the last years, tenths of thousands of our compatriots have become the victims and hundreds of thousands of Abkhazia's inhabitants turned to internally displaced persons;  

As after deployment of Russian Peacekeepers under the auspices of the CIS to the conflict zone in Abkhazia in July 1994, ethnic cleansing of Georgians has not been stopped. It is confirmed that during this period more than 1700 persons were killed in security zone, Peacekeeping Forces committed numerous crimes against peaceful population. Abkhazia has become the territory without control, open for terrorists, drug and arms trafficking and organized crime.

Absence of constructive approach from the side of Russia brought to the deadlock the adoption and discussion of the project on Abkhazia's status worked out by the UN and the representatives of Georgia's friend countries.

As a result of biased and aggressive declarations of official Russia, directed towards Georgia has become a matter of concern, which is clear demonstration of double policy conducted by the leadership that itself continues broad-scale military operations in Chechnya in order to restore the territorial integrity of Russia;

As a result of recent multiple bombing and violating of Georgia's air space it has become evident that Russia takes a role of the involved side in the conflict and the function of Peacekeeping Forces is limited to drawing "the border" and they are not the facilitators of the conflict settlement but rather its instigators. Deployment of additional military contingent and armaments in Abkhazia without the agreement of Georgian Government is another evidence of the aforementioned.

As the Peacekeeping Forces of Russia acting under the auspices of the CIS failed to carry out their mission and encouraged the renewal of military activities on the territory of Abkhazia;  

Parliament of Georgia:

1.      Considers inexpedient further presence of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces on the territory of Georgia.

2.      Offers to the President of Georgia:

a)      to implement the procedures of the Constitution of Georgia, its legislation and international law aimed at prompt and unconditional withdrawal of CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces;

b)      Appeal to the UN, OSCE and to the governments of friendly countries to deploy international peacekeeping forces in conflict zone in order to substitute peacekeeping forces of Russian Federation; at the same time to increase the number of military observers and widen their mandate;

c)      to take all possible measures at his disposal to ensure prompt implementation of Istanbul Summit Resolutions;

3.      Calls Executive Power of Georgia to take the appropriate measures in order to ensure security of the adjacent territory to the conflict zone.

4.      Though under the recognized international law the displaced population enjoys the right to return home using any means, the Parliament of Georgia reaffirms its adherence to the principle of peaceful resolution of the conflict in Abkhazia.

5.      Appeals to the population of Abkhazia, which had suffered austerities of fratricidal war, to the relatives of perished fighters both from Abkhaz and Georgian sides, also to those, who shall design the future of united Georgia and prevent the reiteration of the armed conflict.

6.      Calls the President of Georgia to intensify the efforts for continuation of peace talks with the Abkhaz side.

7.      Expresses the will of Georgian population and declares that it never accepts the breakaway of its historically indispensable part and peace and stability in Abkhazia will be ensured within the united Georgian state upon the final determination broad autonomy status of Abkhazia and return of IDP-s to their dwellings, which will serve as a solid basis for settlement Russian-Georgian relations.

8.      Expresses its readiness to intensify its consultations with Russian executive and legislative powers in order to prevent further tension between the two countries.

Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia Zurab Zhvania

Tbilisi, October 11, 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA Regarding the Statement of the Duma of the Russian Federation of October 11, 2001,

The Parliament of Georgia considers:

1.      The accusations, expressed in the Statement of the Duma of the Russian Federation, referring to the protection of Chechen terrorists and pursuing of anti-Russian aggressive policy as groundless and constitutes a political pressure, aiming at discrediting Georgia's international image. In this context, the statement, made by the Committee for Foreign Affairs of the Parliament of Georgia, shall be taken into consideration.

2.      Georgia has always paid due respect to the friendly relations between the two neighbor States and in order to avoid unnecessary deterioration in the relations, tried to refrain from rigid responses. The Statement of the Duma of the Russian Federation deserves such a rigid response but the Parliament of Georgia believes that this expression of the political will by the Members of the Russian Duma, was based on misinformation. Due to the aforementioned reasons, the Statement went far beyond the diplomatic framework and failed to use the capabilities of the Russian and Georgian legislative authorities.

3.      The Parliament of Georgia reserves the right to fully use the existing potential and appeals to the Duma of the Russian Federation, to respect the already established values in Georgian-Russian relations and to avoid expression of uncompromising positions.

4.      Regarding the conflict in Abkhazia and Russia's involvement in it, the population of Georgia is still rather doubtful about Russia's declarations in favor of restoration of Georgia's territorial integrity, since on many occasions Russia proved to be acting in favor of the Abkhaz separatists. After the Chechen problem came into existence, Russia should have seen more clearly political and legal aspects of this reality but unfortunately, there has been no effort from Russia's side to recognize the similarity of these problems. All the above-mentioned is the proof of double-standard approach, applied by Russia towards Georgia.

5.      The Parliament of Georgia reiterates its good neighborly relations with Russia, though it does not rule out the potential for misunderstanding and mistakes from both sides. Such excesses should not become the reasons for political tensions between the two States and their historically friendly peoples.

6.      The parliament of Georgia expresses its readiness, acting within the framework of its competence, to settle the existing problems in Georgian-Russian relations by means of constructive dialogue and calls upon both States to normalize the relations between all the branches of power.

Tbilisi, October, 12 2001

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia)

 

 

PROTOCOL #4 OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

October 25, 2001, Tskhinvali

Chaired by:

L. Tibilov – First Deputy Chairman of Government of South Ossetia,

Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and funding thereof.

2. On appointment of the commander of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On the process of implementation of decisions of the JCC.

4. Miscellaneous.

Resolved:

1. On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and funding thereof.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Mayorov, Kublashvili Kochiev Vantomme, Vikki)

Approve the decision On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and funding thereof (Annex 1).

2. On appointment of the commander of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Mayorov)

3. Approve the decision on appointment of the commander of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Annex 2).

3. On the process of implementation of decisions of the JCC

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Bagiaev, Mayorov, Gambashidze)

Approve the decision on speeding up the process of implementation of decisions of the JCC dated August 2, 2001.

4. Miscellaneous.

(Tibilov, Machavariani, Kusov, Gambashidze, Mayorov, Lacombe)

The date and venue of the next mission of the JCC shall be defined along the work.

L. Tibilov, Chairman of Session, Head of South Ossetian Part of the JCC.

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To protocol #4 of session of Cochairmen of the JCC dated October 25, 2001

DECISION OF THE MEETING OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On some organizational issues of the process of negotiations on settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and funding thereof

Based on the decision of JSS dated April 21, 2001 on the measures for improvement of activities of the JCC, and the decision of cochairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001 on proposals of the Active Chairmanship of the OSCE and European Commission, taking into account the intention of the OSCE on attracting donor funds, including the funds of member countries to the OSCE for rendering financial assistance to Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC and expert groups of authorized representatives of the Delegations of Georgian and South Ossetian parties for the purpose of support to the process of negotiations for peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, as well as readiness of the European Commission to provide financial resources to the above-noted parties for the initial period 12 months,

cochairmen of the JCC resolved:

1. Deep it expedient to hold, within the period of one month from the approval of this decision, no less than two sessions of the JCC and, if necessary, meetings of cochairmen of the JCC and working organs of the JCC.

Deep it expedient to hold meetings of cochairmen of the JCC in September, on annual basis, where:

- approve a model schedule for activities of the JCC for the period of the following twelve months;

parties approve recommendations ob the model schedule of activities of the expert groups on political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict for the period of following 12 months.

- Recommend the parties to hold, within the period of one year from the date of approving this decision, no less than two meetings of expert groups for political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

Recommend the parties just before the beginning of the September meeting of cochairmen of the JCC, hold meeting of expert groups for political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

2. Deep it expedient to issue the bulletin with the actual information on the development if the process of settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. Take into account the intention of Georgian and South Ossetian parties to form staff of South Ossetian and Georgian parts of secretariats of the JCC and the secretariats of authorized Delegations of South Ossetian and Georgian parts at the negotiations about full scale settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, in accordance with the provision on the JCC for the Georgian=Ossetian conflict settlement and the procedure of work of the authorized representatives at negotiations about the full scale settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

4. Take into account that:

- for rendering financial assistance to Georgian and South Ossetian parts of the JCC in realization of paragraph 18 of the provision on the JCC, the OSCE is going to attract donor funds taking into account the fact that these funds will be directed to financial support to activities of expert groups of authorized delegations of Georgian and South Ossetian parties.

- the OSCE, taking into account the need of Georgian and South Ossetian parties, is going to conclude agreements with donors about the conditions with regard to utilization of the funds.

5. Take into consideration that after completing the organizational actions by Georgian and South Ossetian parties in accordance with paragraph 3 and 4 of this decision (allocation of premises, staffing of respective parts of secretariats, etc) the the OSCE:

- shall provide them with office and communications facilities as well as transport facilities.

- shall provide with financial resources necessary for repair and equipping of premises, as well as paying off current expenses for the period of the following 12 months;

- shall allocate funds for paying of business trip expenses (transport, hotel, etc) for Georgian and South Ossetian delegations organizational expenses of Georgian and South Ossetian parties when holding meetings on the respective territories.

- Take into account that the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia in close cooperation with Georgian and South Ossetian parties, shall provide transparency and control over target spending of the allocated funds.

6. The parties, at the annual September meetings of cochairmen of the JCC, shall:

- hear the report on use of provide funds for the period of past 12 months;

- hear the information on the agreed volume of funding of Georgian and South Ossetian parts of JCC and expert groups of authorized delegations of Georgian and South Ossetian parties for the period of following 12 months.

On behalf of the Russian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and EC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

On the Election of the President of the So Called South Ossetian Republic Scheduled by the Tskhinvali Separatist Regime on 18th of November 2001.

The Tskhinvali Separatist Regime is going to hold the presidential elections in the so-called South Ossetian Republic.

In this regard, the Parliament of Georgia declares that this decision, made by the Tskhinvali separatist regime is illegal and constitutes another attempt to violate the territorial integrity of Georgia. At the same time, the Parliament of Georgia warns the self-styled authorities of the so-called South Ossetian Republic that all responsibilities for the possible consequences will rest upon them.

The Parliament of Georgia condemns this intention of the separatist regime and considers that such irresponsible steps impede the peace negotiations conducted between the Georgian and Ossetian sides and undermines the prospects for peaceful settlement of the problem.

The parliament of Georgia reiterates that separatism is condemned by international organizations and calls upon the UN, OSCE, the COE, the EU and the CIS countries to provide the adequate assessment of the planned presidential election of the so called South Ossetian Republic scheduled on November 18, 2001.

10 November 2001, Tbilisi

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

 

 

2002

PROTOCOL of the Meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides on the Issue of Stabilization of the Situation in the Zone of Conflict

On 17 January 2002 in the village of Chuburkhinji of the Gali region, a meeting between the Georgian and Abkhazian Sides on the issue of stabilization of the situation in the zone of Conflict took place under chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden -the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and in presence of Major General A Evteev - Chief of the Joint Staff of the CIS PKF. The Georgian Delegation was headed by Mr. M.Kakabadze, the Abkhaz Delegation was headed by Mr. R.Khajimba.

The Parties to the conflict confirmed their commitment to exclusively peaceful means of settlement of the conflict and agreed on the following:

1. Beginning from February 1, 2002 a regular patrolling by the peacekeeping forces and international observers, provided their security guaranteed by the Parties, shall be carried out in the Kodori Valley.

2. In addition to the aforementioned and in conformity with the paragraph 2.4 of the Moscow Agreement, the Georgian Side shall start withdrawal of its troops from the Kodori Valley. The starting date of withdrawal of troops shall be defined by the Parties in the first decade of February 2002 in the course of negotiations.

3. Simultaneously with the starting of the process of withdrawal of the troops, military observers of the UN in association with the Abkhaz Side shall carry out inspection of Tkvarcheli and the lower part of the Kodori Valley to verify the presence or absence of heavy weaponry. In case the identification of heavy weapons in the region, the Abkhaz Side shall withdraw it.

4. The Abkhaz Side commits itself not introduce its military formations on the territory of the Kodori Valley, beginning from the check point #107 of CIS Peace-keeping forces, as well as not use force against the peaceful population of the Kodori Valley, including air bombardment.

5. The Parties call upon the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General to activate endeavors aimed at securing peace and non-resumption of hostilities, as stipulated by the Yalta Statement of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides adopted on 15-16 March 2001.

From the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

From the Abkhaz Side R. Khajimba

From the UNOMIG D. Boden

From the CIS PKF A. Evteev

17 January 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1393 (31 January 2002) Adopted by the UN Security Councel

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1364 (2001) of 31 July 2001,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 18 January 2002 (S/2002/88),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Recalling its condemnation of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of the nine people on board, and deploring the fact that the perpetrators of that attack have still not been identified,

Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 18 January 2002;

2. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

3. Welcomes and supports the finalization of the document on “Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi” and of its letter of transmittal, with the contribution and the full support of all members of the Group of Friends, and supports the efforts of the Special Representative on the basis of these documents which are positive elements for launching the peace process between the sides;

4. Recalls that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;

5. Further recalls that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from bothsides;

6. Strongly urges the parties, in particular the Abkhaz side, to receive the document and its transmittal letter in the near future, to give them full and open consideration, and to engage into constructive negotiations on their substance without delay thereafter, and calls on others having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;

7. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust;

8. Condemns violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I), and demands that they cease immediately;

9. Welcomes and strongly supports, in this regard, the protocol signed by the two sides on 17 January 2002 regarding the situation in the Kodori Valley, calls for its full and expeditious implementation, in particular by the Georgian side, but also specifically urges the Abkhaz side to honour its undertaking not to take advantage of the withdrawal of Georgian troops, recognizes the legitimate security concerns of the civilian populations in the area, calls on the political leaders in Tbilisi and Sukhumi to observe security agreements, and further calls on them publicly to dissociate themselves from militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options and for the activities of illegal armed groups;

10. Urges the parties to ensure the necessary revitalization of the peace process in all its major aspects, to resume their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), and to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner;

11. Expresses its deep dismay at the lack of progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II), recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and welcomes the measures undertaken by the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Office for the Coordinator of Humanitarian Affairs to improve the situation of refugees and internally displaced persons, to develop their skills and to increase their selfreliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;

12. Urges the parties to implement the recommendations of the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, carried out under the aegis of the United Nations, calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;

13. Welcomes the rehabilitation programmes initiated with the cooperation of the parties to serve displaced persons and returnees on both sides of the ceasefire line;

14. Calls on the parties to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001 and to bring them to justice, expresses also its concern at the disturbing tendency by the parties to restrict the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, thereby hindering the ability of the Mission to fulfil its mandate, including through effective patrolling, and underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel;

15. Reminds the Georgian side in particular to uphold its commitment to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups crossing into Abkhazia, Georgia, from the Georgian-controlled side of the ceasefire line;

16. Welcomes constant review by UNOMIG of its security arrangements in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

17. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2002, and to review the mandate of UNOMIG unless the decision on the extension of the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force is taken by 15 February 2002, and, in this respect, notes that on 31 January 2002 the Georgian authorities agreed on the extension of the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force until the endof June 2002;

18. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

19. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

On 11 February 2002 a meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides took place. This meeting was held in the Sukhumi residence of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden-the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and with a participation of General-Major A.Badjva -the Chief military observer of the UNOMIG. The Georgian Delegation was headed by Mr. A.Jorbenadze, the Abkhaz Delegation was headed by Mr. Jergenia.

By the end of the meeting, the Parties agreed on the following:

1. A meeting between the representatives of Georgian and Abkhazian Sides will take place on February 20 in the Kodori gorge. In this meeting, representatives of UN shall take part issues related to materialization of provisions of the Protocol signed on January 17, 2002 shall be addressed.

At the same time, military observers of UN, in association with the Parties, shall carry out monitoring and inspection of the upper, as well as lower part of the Kodori gorge.

2. During the meeting, a deadline for completion of the process of withdrawal of Georgian troops from the Kodori gorge, as well as mechanisms for guarantying security of the population of the Kodori gorge shall be discussed and defined.

3. The time-table of regular patrolling of the Kodori gorge with participation of both Parties shall be defined in the course of meeting of the Working Group 1, which shall be held by the end of February 2002.

On behalf of the Georgian Side A. Jorbenadze

On behalf of the Abkhazian Side A. Jergenia

On behalf of the UN D. Boden

11 February 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

On many occasions, the International Community and the Parliament of Georgia have expressed their unambiguous position – while tow thirds of the population of Abkhazia are in exile, any elections at any level held in Abkhazia will be considered as illegal, null and void. Despite the aforementioned, the Sukhumi regime continues ignoring concerns and points of view of the UN, OSCE, and major States and intends to hold elections of the so called national Assembly – Parliament of Abkhazia on March 2, 2002.

It goes without saying that holding elections in Abkhazia is an ill-conceived farce aiming to smoke-screen the factual lawlessness and anarchy reining in Abkhazia – to create conducive environment for illegal trafficking of human beings and weapons, drug-business and terrorism and thereby turning part of Georgia into the space of authoritarian rule.

The Parliament of Georgia hopes that this unlawful election, as well as complete lawlessness prevailing in Abkhazia currently, will attract adequate attention and response on the part of the UN, OSCE, the Council of Europe and the European Parliament.

Tbilisi, 28 February, 2002

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

 

PROTOCOL #5 MEETINGS OF CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

February 28 – March 1, 2002, Tskhinvali

Chaired by: Boris Chochiev – Minister of Special Tasks, Head of South-Ossetian part of the JCC

Agenda:

1. On the status of the negotiation process about the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.

2. On activities of the joint forces for keeping peace in the zone of the Georgian—Ossetian conflict. On mutual cooperation of law enforcement bodies of the parties in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On a working plan of the JCC in the near future.

Approved:

1. On the status of the negotiation process about the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.

(Chochiev, Mayorov, Kusov, Prizemlin, Vikki, Vantomme, Kochiev, Dzitsoitti)

The participants of the meeting discussed the development of the negotiation process with regard to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement. It was noted that after the fourth meeting of the co-chairmen of the JCC in October 2001, the activities of the working organs of the JCC were suspended due to the objective reasons. At the same time, all parties demonstrated the striving for continuing the activities of the JCC and its working organs. The participant of the meeting emphasized the necessity of the final elaboration of the draft Georgian-Russian inter-state programs on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and return of refugees.

The South Ossetian party expressed its concerns with regard to the condition of the South Ossetian population in Lagodekhi and Akhmeta regions of Georgia in connection with the violation of the rights of Ossetian people compactly residing in the villages of Kakheti region, as well as fear in connection with the aggravation of the situation in the Pankisi gorge.. The South Ossetian party distributed among other participants of the meeting its official statement about the above-noted problem.

2. On activities of the joint forces for keeping peace in the zone of the Georgian - - Ossetian conflict. On mutual cooperation of law enforcement bodies of the parties in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

(Prizemlin, Mayorov, Machavariani, Vikki, Vantomme, Kublashvili)

The participant of the meeting listened to the information of V. Prizemlin, Major General, the Commander of the JPKF, about the activities of the JPKF, as well as his proposals about starting practical activities of the Special Coordinating Center (the SCC) for the mutual cooperation of law enforcement organs in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, It was noted that within the period after the fourth meeting of the co-chairmen of the JCC in October 2001, the JPKF continued to fulfill the set tasks with regard to keeping peace in the zone of conflict and actively cooperate with the law enforcement bodies of the parties.

The participants of the meeting emphasized the important role of the JPKF in the development of the process of the conflict settlement. The process of the project implementation with regard to voluntary registration of weapons by the population in the zone of conflict was specifically noted as the factor, which can reduce destabilization of the situation.

The parties agreed with the proposal of the Delegation of EC in Georgia about carrying out the ceremony of transferring the equipment to the JCC on March 8, 2002.

3. On a working plan of the JCC in the near future.

(Mayorov, Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Kochiev, Gambashidze, Korchmar)

The co-chairmen reviewed the proposal of the parties about the working plan of the JCC and its working organs in the near future. The co-chairmen resolved:

1) Approve the proposal of the Russian party about carrying out the session of the workgroup of the JCC in Moscow at the end of March, 2002 with regard to the economic issues (the day before the session Georgian-Russian Commission on the issues of economic cooperation).

2) Carry out ad hoc committee meeting about the issue of refugees at the beginning of April, 2002, in Tbilisi.

3) Carry out a session of the workgroup of the JCC about the issues concerning the activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law enforcement bodies of the parties in Tskhinvali at the end of April 2002.

4) Carry out the next meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC in Tskhinvali at the end of April 2002.

5) Deem it necessary to implement the decision about establishing the JCC Secretariats of the South-Ossetian and Georgian parts and allocate special premises and staff for the above-purposes.

B. Chochiev, Chairman, Head of South-Ossetian Part of the JCC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

FROM THE STATEMENT OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION on Situation in Georgia with regard of military presence of the USA on its territory

(…)

The State Duma expresses its hope that through strengthening of the military potential of Georgia at the expense of the USA, the idea of conflict settlement in Abkhazia and South Ossetia through military means will not prevail among Georgian leadership. The State Duma supports the peaceful policy of Russia on regulation of these conflicts taking into account the interests of all ethnic groups of the population residing on the territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

The State Duma welcomes the consistent expression of interest of leaders and peoples of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to establish more close relations with Russia and considers, that establishment and development of such relations, including in the field of security, does not oppose to the policy of the Russian Federation on firm respect of territorial integrity of Georgia and would encourage the search for constructive resolution at the peace negotiations on conflict settlement between Georgia and Abkhazia and Georgia and South-Ossetia. In case of discouraging developments, the State Duma stands ready to seek the other ways for development of the statehood of Abkhazia and South Ossetia based on democratic values and on the will of their peoples and in compliance with the norms of International Law being in practice over recent years.

(…)

Moscow, 6 March 2002

(www.duma .ru/in Russian)

 

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE MEETENG BETWEEN THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION OF GEORGIA MR. AL. KARTOZIA AND DE-FACTO MINISTER OF EDUCATION OF ABKHAZIA MR. B. Dbar

Gali, 11 March 2002

The meeting between the Minister of Education of Georgia Mr. Al. Kartozia and de-facto Minister of Education of Abkhazia Mr. B. Dbar took place on 11 March 2002. From the Abkhaz side the head of Gali administration Mr. R. Kishmaria, representative of Sukhumi Office of the UN Ms. Mauricia Jenkins, head of education division of Gali region as a representative of the de-facto Ministry of Education of Abkhazia and Chairman of Pre-school and Secondary Education and Children’s Rights protection Department Mr. M. Sanikidze from Georgian side also participated in the meeting.

Generally two issues were discussed at the meeting.

1. Forms and possibilities of financing Georgian schools in Abkhazia.

2. Educational plans, programmes and language of education at Georgian Schools in Abkhazia.

In the course of discussion of aforementioned issues the sides made decision in the form of protocol on their intentions:

1. To set up working groups from both sides (no more than 5 people in each), which will work together to regulate the issues of the education system, elaborate the documents and after reconciliation with the Minister will submit to the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission for further realization of decisions.

2. To entrust the working Groups with the task of submitting the proposals on forms and possibilities of Georgian schools at the eastern part of Abkhazia (Ochamchire, Tkvarcheli, Gali) from the state budget of Georgia.

3. The Abkhaz side commits itself to provide tariff lists and the map of location of Georgian schools in aforementioned districts and the Georgian side is to provide the information on Gali schools on the territory of Zugdidi.

4. To learn and reconcile the education programmes, standards, curriculum and other issues. To continue working on the problem relating to the fact that ethnic Georgians are deprived of possibility to get education in the native language. The special emphasis shall be made on the programmes on history and geography.

5. To set up working groups and start working on the aforementioned issues at an earliest possibility.

Annex

Proposal from the Georgian side

In order to introduce the Georgian language as the language of instruction in secondary schools of the Gali district the teaching of geography and history is to be conducted in accordance with the curriculum existing in Abkhazia:

1. To introduce Georgian as the language of instruction in 1-6 grades of Georgian schools of the Gali region as of September 2002.

2. To start immediate translation into Georgian of textbooks on history and geography of Abkhazia (7-11 grades).

Option 1: The Georgian side starts translation into Georgian of textbooks on history and geography of Abkhazia (7-11 grades) immediately upon their receipt from the Abkhaz side and within three months from the receipt of the textbooks provides the Abkhaz side with the electronic version of the translation.

Option 2: By... 2002 the Abkhaz side provides tge Georgian side with the Georgian translation of the texstbooks on history and geographi of Abkhazia for stylistic expertise to be completed by the Georgian side within 6 weeks upon receipt of the translation.

Proposal from the Abkhaz side

The Abkhaz side to complete the expertise of the set of methodological and teaching aids submitted by the Georgian side.

The Georgian side to translate into Georgian the textbooks on history and geography of Abkhazia after which the stylistic expertise will be provided by the Abkhaz side.

Upon implementation of points 1 and 2, Georgian will be introduced as the language of instruction in schools of Gali region.

11 March 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA On the situation in Abkhazia

The Parliament of Georgia states:

The resolution of the Parliament of Georgia, dated October 11, 2001 “On the Situation Created on the territory of Abkhazia” has not been implemented at this stage;

The CIS Peacekeeping Forces, deployed on the territory of Abkhazia, in reality fulfill the functions of border guards between Abkhazia and the rest of Georgia and fail to perform the duties, envisaged by their mandate, namely, they cannot provide for the protection of population and creation of conditions for the secure return of internally displaced persons;

In Abkhazia, on the occupied Georgian territory, major human rights and freedoms’ violation on the ethnic basis has been carried on by the assistance of external military force. Such as: arbitrary deprivation of freedom, terror, murders, taking of hostages, kidnapping for money extortion, violation of the official status of the Georgian language, destruction and misappropriation of state, refugees and IDPs’ properties. The monuments of Georgian culture and scientific and academic institutions have been destroyed and similar activities have been going on. The world community has not been appropriately informed of these actions. The policy of the separatists’ leaders have posed a genuine threat to the existence of Abkhaz ethnos itself and to its unique culture;

Abkhazia has become the territory without control and has given shelter to international terrorists and extremists and has turned into the zone for drugs and arms’ trafficking;

While there exist uncontrolled and unregistered armaments on the territory of Abkhazia, Russian military forces continue to supply the separatist regime with heavy military equipment and armaments. Granting to the citizens of Georgia, residing in Abkhazia, the Russian citizenship, further escalates the situation. It is an evident attempt from the side of Russia, to interfere in the internal affairs of Georgia with a pretext of protecting the interests of “own citizens”;

Despite the fat that the heavy military equipment has been withdrawn from Gudauta military basein compliance with CFE, The Russian side has not fulfilled the obligation, taken by the decision of the 1999 OSCE Istanbul Summit regarding the withdrawal and closure of Gudauta military base;

The Parliament of Georgia, while adopting the Constitution of Georgia and in the following period, in order to create the facility conditions for the conflict settlement in Abkhazia, considered it inappropriate to define the status of Abkhazia without the participation of the whole population of Abkhazia;

The separatist government of Abkhazia refuses to cooperate on the definition of the status of Abkhazia not only with Georgian side but also with the UN, the OSCE and other international organizations. Thus, it ignores the good will of international community;

Taking into account the abovementioned, the Parliament of Georgia adopts the following resolution:

1. It is necessary to implement the requirement of the resolution of October 11, 2001 “On the Situation Created on the territory of Abkhazia” regarding the withdrawal of the Peacekeeping Forces of the Russian Federation, acting under the auspices of the CIS, from the territory of Georgia.

2. The ethnic cleansing of the peaceful population, expressed mostly in the extinction and driving out of Georgian population that has been carried on by Abkhaz separatist regime since 1992 and was repeated with special cruelty during Gali events of 1998 should be acknowledged as the genocide of the Georgian population, based on the resolutions of the OSCE 1994 Budapest, 1996 Lisbon and 1999 Istanbul Summits, the resolution of the UN Security Council of January 31, 2002 and the materials, investigated by the Prosecutor’s Office of Georgia. Prosecution, based on the legislation of Georgia and international law must be carried out against the organizers and inspirators of the conflict; also must be enacted the legislative leverages for the restoration of Georgia’s territorial integrity.

3. As the Abkhaz separatist government is an ethnocratic-discriminative regime, the world community should be asked to provide the appropriate assessment of the situation, created in Abkhazia regarding human rights’ protection.

4. In compliance with the demand of the Georgian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE the government of Georgia must provide for the publicity and adequate reaction on the documentation, prepared by the joint UN and OSCE office in Sukhumi on the violation of human rights in Abkhazia.

5. In compliance with the 1999 Istanbul Summit’s resolution the government of Georgia must provide for the immediate international inspection of the Gudauta military base in order to withdraw and finally close it.

6. The supply of the separatist regime with heavy military equipment and armaments, carried out by the Russian military forces is a breach of international law and rude interference in the internal affairs of Georgia.

7. The monetary intervention, carried out by the Russian Federation in Abkhazia, represents the utilization of economic leverage against Georgia, violating international law. Based on this, the Ministry of Finance of Georgia and the National Bank of Georgia by means of negotiations with respective bodies of the Russian Federation must stop the above-mentioned intervention.

8. The establishment of visa-free regime by the Russian Federation without agreement with Georgia’s central government on the Russia-Georgia’s border section in Abkhazia is against the major principles of international law; Granting of Russian citizenship to Georgian citizens, residing in Abkhazia, is also illegal.

9. While there exists the possibility of the peaceful settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, it is inadmissible to solve it by forceful methods. We apply to the Abkhaz separatist government to resume the negotiations with Georgian side for the peaceful and just settlement of the conflict.

10. If the Abkhaz separatist government does not take constructive steps, taking into consideration the recommendations of the international community, for the broad-range political settlement of the conflict and will not resume the negotiations process, the executive power of Georgia in three months’ term must define the status of Abkhazia within the state of Georgia, in accordance with the above-mentioned recommendations and first of all, taking into consideration Georgia’s national interests.

11. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia must provide for the implementation of joint UNESCO and the Council of Europe’s mission on the basis of the 1954 Hague Convention in order to monitor the cultural heritage, existing on the territory of Abkhazia and to identify the facts of the destruction of cultural monuments.

12. The ad hoc commission of the Parliament of Georgia on the problems of Abkhazia must present the draft on the major directions on the conflict settlement in Abkhazia in compliance with the article 48 of the constitution of Georgia till June 30, 2002.

13. The President of Georgia:

a) Taking into account the existing situation, along with the Parliament of Georgia respective ministries and bodies in four months’ term should provide for the purpose of further reaction the legal political expertise of the normative acts international treaties and agreements, adopted on the issue of Abkhazia. Also in compliance with the articles 65 and 100 of the constitution of Georgia provide for the implementation of the constitutional procedures regarding military type international treaties and agreements concluded on behalf of Georgia;

b) Taking into consideration the existing situation, provide for the reinforcement of defense mechanisms necessary for the country;

c) Should inform international community that Abkhazia, as an uncontrolled territory, is a source of terrorism and extremism and creates threat to the peace in the whole region;

d) Should provide for the full involvement of the legitimate government of Abkhazia, as one of the sides in the negotiation and decision-making process;

e) Should order the respective bodies of the executive power of Georgia, in case of the withdrawal of the Russian Federation’s peace-keeping forces, existing under the auspices of the CIS from the territory of Georgia to provide for the specific measures in order to maintain the cease fair and security of population in the conflict zone.

14. In order to control the implementation of this resolution the Parliament of Georgia should receive every three months the respective information from the executive power of Georgia.

The Chair of the Parliament of Georgia Nino Burjanadze

20 March 2002

(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, # 69, 22 March 2002)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA On the Unlawful Misappropriation of State Property and Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons’ Private Property in Abkhazia

The Parliament of Georgia states that:

The armed conflict of 1992-1993 in Abkhazia caused the greatest human tragedy and considerable economic damage to the country. The respective financial-economic bodies of the executive power of Georgia defined that as a result of military activities the property evaluated by tens of billions in US dollars has been destroyed;

After the military activities has stopped on whole territory of Abkhazia, especially in places settled by Georgians has been going on organized and arbitrary settlement in the houses and flats of refugees IDPs, the misappropriation of their real and movable property;

In order to obtain faros and non-faros metals the armed groups created by Abkhaz separatist government destroy buildings and facilities, factories, plants, state institutions, railways and motorway bridges, TV communication and electric devises;

In 1997 the separatist government started the illegal privatization of property on the territory of Abkhazia. As a result, more than thousand facilities had been privatized till 2001. The misappropriation of IDPs and refugees’ private property was especially widespread;

Citizens and legal entities of different counties received the hotels, resort and other facilities in Sukhumi, Gagra, Pitsunda and New-Athony, in the districts of Gudauta, Gulripshi and Ochamchire.

Taking into consideration the abovementioned the Parliament of Georgia decrees:

1. All the civil-legal transactions, concluded from 14 August 1992 regarding the appropriation of state property and refugees and Internally displaced persons’ private property in Abkhazia must be considered unlawful.

2. To apply to the respective bodies of the UN, OSCE and other international organizations to register the facts of misappropriation of state property and refugees and internally displaced persons’ private property conducted by the separatist government of Abkhazia and to work out appropriate suggestions.

3. The executive power of Georgia along with the legitimate government of Abkhazia, with participation of the UN, OSCE, Council of Europe and other international organizations should work out the measures for the restoration of refugees and IDP’s property rights.

4. The law enforcement bodies of Georgia should study the cases of misappropriation of state property and refugees and internally displaced persons’ private property conducted by the separatist government of Abkhazia.

5. To inform the states the citizens and legal entities of which conduct trade and enterpreneurial transactions with separatist government of Abkhazia that all transaction of the separatist government are illegal.

6. In order to control the implementation of this resolution the Parliament of Georgia of the must recceive on periodic basis the respective information from the executive power.

The Chair of the Parliament of Georgia Nino Burjanadze

20 March 2002

(Newspaper “Sakartvelos Respublika”, # 69, 22 March 2002)

 

 

DECREE ISSUED BY THE STATE DUMA OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION on Ever Increasing Tension around Abkhazia and South Ossetia

The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation expresses deep concern with regard to the ongoing process of fomenting tension around Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Constituent elements of the campaign launched against these regions by the leadership of Georgia are allegations as if Abkhazia ha turned into safe heaven for international terrorist. Simultaneously with the aforementioned, the Georgian Authorities are carrying out intensive military programs, resuming subversive activities along the separation line between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides, as well as in the South Ossetia.

In these circumstances, a logical conclusion could be drawn that a purposeful process of preparation of the public opinion is being carried out in Georgia, which aims at expanding of the officially declared anti-terrorist operation to the territory of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, that will be followed by large scale military actions in those regions.

Taking into account that aforementioned scenario of development of affairs will undoubtedly result in destabilization of the overall situation in Trans-Caucasus and will have negative bearing on the developments in the South of Russian Federation, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation decrees:

1. To endorse assessments and provisions laid down in the statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation issued on 6 March 2002 on “ Situation in Georgia in Terms of the Military Presence of USA on Its territory”.

2. To entrust a group of Deputies of the State Duma-members of the Delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of CIS States (to be held on 25-26 March 2002, in Saint-Petersburg) with a task of meeting Georgian parliamentarians, in order to discuss issues related to situation in Georgian-Abkhaz and Georgian-Ossetian conflicts.

3. To dispatch a group of Deputies of the State Duma to Tbilisi, Sukhumi and Tskhinvali in order to learn the situation on the spot.

4. To put forward a proposal to the Government of the Russian Federation to render a economic and humanitarian aid to the populations of Abkhazia and the South Ossetia-among them there are tens of thousand of our compatriots, including citizens of the Russian Federation, enduring acute economic crises and extreme difficulties.

5. To put forward a proposal to Mr. V.V.Putin, President of the Russian Federation to offer the Georgian leadership a plan of participation of Russia in the anti-terrorist operation in the Pankisi gorge, with due respect to the fact that there are citizens of the Russian Federation in the gorge.

6. To call upon the Russian Mass Media to pay more attention to the situation in Abkhazia and South Ossetia and provide objective and balanced information about the ongoing events.

7. To send this decree to Mr. Putin, President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation.

8. To send this decree to the “Parliamentary Newspaper” for official publication.

9. This decree shall come into force immediately upon its adoption.

First Deputy Chair of the State Duma

of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation L. K. Sliska

22 March 2002

(Bulletin of the Federal Assembly of the RF, 2002, # 13, p. 3363-3364)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING BETWEEN THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES HELD ON 29 MARCH 2002 IN SUKHUMI

On 29 March 2002 a meeting between the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides took place in Sukhumi. The meeting was held under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieter Boden- Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, and in the presence of Colonel Yuri Alekseev –Acting Commander of the CIS peacekeeping Forces and Colonel Paul Road –Deputy Chief Military observer of UNOMIG.

The Parties once more reiterated their determination not to use military force against each other and continue search for conflict settlement by exclusively peaceful and political means.

The Parties agreed on the following:

1. Pursuant to the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 the Georgian Forces shall be withdrawn from the Kodori gorge by 10 April 2002. The withdrawal shall be carried out under monitoring and control of UNOMIG and the CIS Peacekeeping Forces in accordance with their mandates, as laid down in the Moscow Agreement of May 14, 1994 and resolution # 937 of the UN Security Council adopted on July 21, 1994.

2. The Abkhaz Side shall withdraw all its heavy weapons and artillery systems from the Kodori gorge and the Tkvarcheli region by 10 April 2002. The withdrawal shall be carried out under monitoring and control of UNOMIG and the CIS Peacekeeping Forces. The Abkhaz Side confirms its commitment to paragraph 4 of the protocol of 17 January 2002.

3. By 10 Aprill 2002, a single Joint patrolling by the UNOMIG and CIS Peacekeeping Forces shall be carried out in thre upper and lower parts of the Kodori gorge and the Tkvarcheli region. Beginning from 10 Aprill 2002 and in accordance to their mandates, the UNOMIG and the CIS Peacekeeping Forces shall carry out regular patrolling of the upper and lower parts of the Kodori gorge and Tkvarcheli region, that are respectively controlled by the Georgian and Abkhaz sides. The Joint patrolling of the upper and lower parts of the Kodory gorge shall be carried out at least once in a week. The both Sides must guarantee security on the territories under their control, including security of control routes, and security of personnel of UNOMIG and CIS Peacekeeping forces.

4. The issues related to further stabilization of the situation in the Kodori gorge shall be discussed by experts within the framework of working Group 1 of the Coordinating Council. The first meeting shall be held no later than 15 April 2002.

On behalf of the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

On behalf of the Abkhaz Side G. Agrba

On behalf of the UNOMIG D. Boden

On behalf of the CIS Peacekeeping Forces I. Alekseev

29 March 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL # 6 OF THE MEETING OF THE CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

14-16 May, 2002, Borjomi

Chairing: Machavariani Irakli President’s Special Representative for Political Issues of National Security and the Settlement of Conflicts, Head of the Georgian Part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On the arrangements regarding a 10 year anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles for Peace Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Beginning of Activity of the JPKF.

2. On the interaction in rehabilitation of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone

3. On the status of the process of return of refugees

4. On the organization of the next meeting of the Experts Group on Political Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

5. Miscellaneous

Adopted:

1. On the arrangements regarding a 10 year anniversary of signing a Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles for Peace Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Starting of Activity of the JPKF.

(Prizemlin, Machavariani, Mayorov, Chochiev, Kusov, Gambashidze, Kublashvili, Kochiev, Kulombegov, Korchmar)

1.1 To decide on the arrangements regarding a 10 year anniversary of signing a Russian-Georgian agreement on the Principles for Peace Settlement of the Georgia-Ossetian Conflict and Starting of Activity of the JPKF (Annex 1);

1.2 The participants of the meeting attracted a Georgian sides attention to the statements of some high level officials of Georgia, who characterize a peace process and activities of the JCC and JPCF as ineffective. The participants expressed concern in relation to the mentioned statements.

2. On the interaction in rehabilitation of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone

(Machavariani, Mayorov, Chochiev, Kusov, Kublashvili, Kochiev, Kulumbegov)

To decide on the interaction in rehabilitation of economy in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone

(Annex 2).

3. On the status of the process of return of refugees

(Machavariani, Mayorov, Chochiev, Kusov, Kublashvili, Kochiev, Kulumbegov, Korchmar)

To decide on the status of process of return of refugees (Annex 3).

4. On the organization of the next meeting of the Experts Group on Political Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

(Machavariani, Mayorov, Chochiev, Kusov, Gambashidze, Kublashvili, Kochiev, Kulumbegov)

To hold a next meeting of the Experts Group on Political Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, in accordance with Point 1 of Annex 1 to the Protocol No 4 of the JCC Co-chairmen meeting on 25 October 2001.

5. Miscellaneous

(Machavariani, Mayorov, Chochiev, Kusov, Kochiev, Kulumbegov, Vantomme)

5.1 The South Ossetian Party informed on raising conflict situation concerning a mass deforesting on the territory of Jalabeti forestry of the South Ossetia by Sackhere Forestry.

The JCC Co-chairmen resolved:

The parties shall examine the mentioned issue with the participation of relevant structures and local bodies of the self-government in a month period and inform the JCC Co-chairmen.

5.2 The JCC Co-chairmen took into consideration an information of the representative of the European Commission, Mr. Jacques Vantomme on the possible realization of the projects by the parties’ non-governmental organizations in the framework of the Council of Europe’s program on the Confidence Building and European Commission’s program “European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights”. The parties also noted the necessity of accelerating a repair of the building for the parts of the JCC Sectarian and preparing publishing of informational bulletin of the JCC on the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement.

The participants of the meeting listened to the statement of the South Ossetian Party concerning a Decree of the president of Georgia on Perpetuation the Memory of the President of the Republic of Georgia Mr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Provision of Social and other security for the members of his family, dated 28.03.2002 and Ordinance on the appointment of Mr. D. Kobliadze as a state plenipotentiary of the Georgian President to the administrative-territorial entities of Georgia (Gori, Kaspi, Kareli, Javi regions and Tskhinvali (attached).

The participants of the meeting took into consideration that rehabilitation and perpetuation of Z. Gamskhurdia’s memory creates extremely negative background for further development of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement process. The Co-chairmen took into consideration a statement made by the South Ossetian party, that the South Ossetia considers appointment of the state plenipotentiary to the administrative-territorial entities of Georgia (Gori, Kaspi, Kareli, Javi regions and Tskhinvali) as an intervention in their internal affairs, which is against the policy of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement process.

Chairman of the meeting, Head of the Georgian part of the JCC I. Machavariani

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues)

 

 

Annex 1 To Protocol #6 of the Meeting of Co-Chairmen of the JCC dated May 16, 2002, Borjomi

DECISION OF THE CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Arrangements Dedicated to the 10th Anniversary of Signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Starting the Activities of the JPKF

In connection with the forthcoming 10th Anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of the JPKF,

the Co-Chairmen resolved:

1. Deem it expedient to broadly celebrate the 10th Anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of the JPKF.

2. Take into consideration the readiness of the the OSCE to support the above-noted event.

3. Establish the organization committee that will be in charge of preparing and conducting the above-noted event dedicated to the 10th Anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of the JPKF within the composition of co-chairmen of the JCC and Command of the JPKF.

4. Ask the Organizational Committee:

- to develop and coordinate the plan of the above-noted arrangements;

- provide coverage of the preparation and conducting of the above-noted events in the press (mass media);

- Coordinate the list of persons being invited as honorary guests of the events and send invitations thereof.

5.5. On June 5, 2002, hold a meeting of the workgroup of the JCC on activities of the JPKF and cooperation with the law-enforcement entities.

6. Hold a meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC on June 6-6, 2002 in Tskhinvali on preparation and carrying out arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of the JPKF.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 to Protocol No 6 of the JCC Co-chairmen meeting of 16 May 2002, Borjomi
DECISION OF THE CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLENMENT On Interaction in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Georgia-Ossetian Conflict Zone

The Joint Control Commission for the Georgia-Ossetian Conflict Settlement notes the necessity of activating the efforts for realization of social, economic and humanitarian programs in the Georgia-Ossetian conflict zone.

The parties express their hope for the sooner approval of the Russian-Georgian interstate program on interaction in rehabilitation of economy in the Georgia-Ossetian conflict zone.

The parties underline a positive role of the efforts of international organizations and donor countries in the conflict zone.

The Co-chairmen of the Joint Control Commission resolved:

1. To accept a proposal of the Russian party to hold a meeting of the JCC Working Group on Economic Issues at the beginning of July 2002 in Moscow.

2. To hold preliminary consultations before the indicated meeting on the issues of preparation of the draft Russian-Georgia interstate program on the interaction in rehabilitation of Economy in the Georgia-Ossetian conflict zone and the use of means granted by the European Union.

3. The Russian and Georgian parties shall take measures on the creation of the Russian-Georgian intergovernmental body on realization and implementation of the program in the shortest possible time.

4. The Georgian and Russian parties shall speed up a creation of the joint Georgian-Ossetian body on the program realization with the participation of international donors and investors.

For The Georgian Party:

For The South Ossetia Party:

For The Russian Party:

For The North Ossetia Party:

In The Presence Of:

The Osce:

The European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues)

 

 

Annex 3 To Protocol #6 of the Meeting of Co-Chairmen of the JCC dated May 16, 2002, Borjomi

DECISION OF THE CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On the Status of Return of Refugees

Having heard the information of the ad hoc committee for supporting the voluntary return of refugees and IDPs about the conducted works,

the Co-Chairmen resolved:

1. Agree with the resolution adopted at the meeting of the ad hoc committee for supporting the voluntary return of refugees and IDPs about the conducted works (Protocol 9 of the ad hoc committee dated May 15, 2002).

2. Apply to the High Commissioner of UN on the issues of refugees to renew activities of mobile groups of UN in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. Prior to June 1-, 2002, hold the working meeting of the parties to consider the proposals presented for inclusion in the project on “Russian-Georgian Interstate Program on Voluntary Return, Development, Integration and Re-integration of Refugees, IDPs and other Persons Suffered as a Result of the Georgian –Ossetian Conflict to the Places of their Previous Permanent Residence”.

Hold the meeting of the ad hoc committee for supporting the voluntary return of refugees and IDPs at the beginning of July 2002, in Moscow.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission and UN

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT By President George W. Bush And President Vladimir V. Putin On Counterterrorism Cooperation

Issued in conjunction with Moscow summit 24 May 2002

Reaffirming our commitment expressed on October 21, 2001 to fight terrorism in all its forms wherever it may occur, we commend the efforts of the worldwide coalition against terrorism since the tragic events of September 11, 2001. The member nations of the coalition must continue their concerted action to deny safe haven to terrorists; to destroy their financial, logistical, communications, and other operational networks; and to bring terrorists to justice. We note with satisfaction that U.S.-Russia counterterrorism cooperation is making an important contribution to the global coalition against terrorism.

A successful campaign against terrorism must be conducted by nations through bilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation, and requires a multifaceted approach that employs law enforcement, intelligence, diplomatic, political, and economic actions. We stress that initiatives against terrorism must be conducted in an atmosphere of rule of law and with respect for universal human rights.

Recognizing the importance of multilateral counterterrorism efforts, such as those under the auspices of the United Nations, the Group of Eight, the European Union, the OSCE, the “Six Plus Two” group, and NATO-Russia, we encourage the further development of regional counterterrorism initiatives, including within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its cooperation with the United States, that improve information-sharing, law enforcement cooperation, and border security. Of these institutions, we note that the UN Security Council Counterterrorism Committee plays a key coordinating role in the struggle against international terrorism. In support of regional cooperation, the United States is sponsoring a counterterrorism conference in June 2002 to include participation from the Central Asian and Caucasus states, Afghanistan, Turkey, China, and Russia.

(...)

We reaffirm our commitment to working with the Government of Georgia on counterterrorism issues, while upholding Georgian sovereignty, and hope that the presence of terrorists in this country will be eliminated. As members of the Friends of the UN Secretary-General on Georgia, the United States and Russia remain committed to advancing a peaceful, political resolution of the conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. We pledge to work closely with all relevant parties to these conflicts to reduce military tensions, address civilians’ security concerns, and foster a lasting political settlement that preserves Georgia’s territorial integrity and protects the rights of all of those involved in the conflicts. We highly appreciate the contribution of the UN Security Council, concerned states, and international mechanisms which participate in peaceful efforts toward resolution of these conflicts.

(...)

Moscow, 24 May 2002

(www.usinfo.state.gov)

 

 

JOINT DECLARATION on New U.S.-Russia Relationship

The United States of America and the Russian Federation, ...having embarked upon the path of new relations for the twenty-first century, and committed to developing a relationship based on friendship, cooperation, common values, trust, openness, and predictability; Reaffirming our belief that new global challenges and threats require a qualitatively new foundation for our relationship; Determined to work together, with other nations and with international organizations, to respond to these new challenges and threats, and thus contribute to a peaceful, prosperous, and free world and to strengthening strategic security;

Declare as follows:

A Foundation for Cooperation

We are achieving a new strategic relationship. The era in which the United States and Russia saw each other as an enemy or strategic threat has ended. We are partners and we will cooperate to advance stability, security, and economic integration, and to jointly counter global challenges and to help resolve regional conflicts.

To advance these objectives the United States and Russia will continue an intensive dialogue on pressing international and regional problems, both on a bilateral basis and in international fora, including in the UN Security Council, the G-8, and the OSCE. Where we have differences, we will work to resolve them in a spirit of mutual respect.

We will respect the essential values of democracy, human rights, free speech and free media, tolerance, the rule of law, and economic opportunity.

(...)

Political Cooperation

The United States and Russia are already acting as partners and friends in meeting the new challenges of the 21st century; affirming our Joint Statement of October 21, 2001, our countries are already allied in the global struggle against international terrorism. The United States and Russia will continue to cooperate to support the Afghan people’s efforts to transform Afghanistan into a stable, viable nation at peace with itself and its neighbors. Our cooperation, bilaterally and through the United Nations, the ‘Six-Plus-Two’ diplomatic process, and in other multilateral fora, has proved important to our success so far in ridding Afghanistan of the Taliban and al-Qaida.

In Central Asia and the South Caucasus, we recognize our common interest in promoting the stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of all the nations of this region. The United States and Russia reject the failed model of “Great Power” rivalry that can only increase the potential for conflict in those regions. We will support economic and political development and respect for human rights while we broaden our humanitarian cooperation and cooperation on counterterrorism and counternarcotics.

The United States and Russia will cooperate to resolve regional conflicts, including those in Abkhazia and Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Transnistrian issue in Moldova. We strongly encourage the Presidents of Azerbaijan and Armenia to exhibit flexibility and a constructive approach to resolving the conflict concerning Nagorno-Karabakh. As two of the Co-Chairmen of the OSCE’s Minsk Group, the United States and Russia stand ready to assist in these efforts.

(...)

The President of the United States of America George W. Bush

The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin

Moscow, 24 May 2002

(www.usinfo.state.gov)

 

 

PROTOCOL #7 MEETINGS OF CO-CHAIRMEN OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

June 5, 2002, Tskhinvali

Chaired by:

Boris Chochiev – Minister of Special Tasks, Head of South-Ossetian part of the JCC

Agenda:

1. On the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities.

2. On preparation of meetings of Co-Chairmen of the JCC and session of a workgroup on economic issues min Moscow.

3. Miscellaneous.

Resolved:

On the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities.

(Chochiev, Prizemlin, Paraskeva, Zurabishvili, Machavariani, Mayorov, Kusov, Elbakiev)

1.1. To agree with the proposals of the workgroup of the JCC on the activities of the JPKF and the mutual cooperation of law enforcement bodies in the zone of the Georgian –Ossetian conflict, and on the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities (Annex 1)

Resolved:

2. On preparation of meetings of Co-Chairmen of the JCC and session of a workgroup on economic issues in Moscow.

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Mayorov, Kusov, Kokoev, Jioev, Lacombe, Vantomme)

2.1. Make a decision about preparation of the meeting of Co-Chairmen of the JCC and a session of the workgroup on the economic issues in Moscow (Annex 2).

Resolved:

3. Miscellaneous

(Kublashvili, Prizemlin, Machavariani, Mayorov, Kusov, Chochiev)

3.1. Assign the workgroup of the JCC on the issues of activities of the JPKF and mutual cooperation of law-enforcement bodies to study the proposals of the Georgian party about the procedure of appointment and prolongation of services of the Commander of the JPKF and head of the joint (united) headquarters (staff), and present the coordinated opinion for the next meeting.

3.2. Take into account the statement of the Head of the Mission of the OSCE in Georgia, the ambassador J. Lacombe about confirming the invitation of the active presidency of the OSCE to hold the next meeting of expert groups on political settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in the autumn of the current year in Portugal. Discuss the above-noted issues at the nearest meeting in Moscow.

B. Chochiev, Chairman of the Session, Head of the South-Ossetian Part of the JCC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To protocol # 7 of the JCC session dated June 5, 2002, Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities

The Co-Chairmen resolved:

1. To agree with the proposals of the workgroup of the JCC on the issues of activities of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, on the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities.

2. The arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities shall be carried out on July 14, 2002 in Tskhinvali. Send invitations on behalf of the JCC and united headquarters of the JPKF to the representatives of leadership of the parties, legislative organs, political and law enforcement agencies, including the Ministry of Extraordinary Situation of Russia, as well as to Co Chairmen of the parties, chief military heads from the parties, the Mission of the OSCE, the Delegation of EC, the representation (mission) of UN in Georgia.

3. Co-Chairmen of the JCC noted with great satisfaction that all international organizations are ready render respective assistance for organizing the arrangements dedicated to the 10th anniversary of signing the Russian-Georgian Agreement on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and starting the JPKF’s activities.

On behalf of the South-Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the North Ossetian Side

On behalf of the Russian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

the European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol #7 of the JCC Session dated June 5, 2002, Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On preparation of meetings of Co-Chairmen of the JCC and session of a workgroup on economic issues in Moscow

Co-Chairmen resolved:

1. Take measures for implementing the agreements on economic issues concluded in Borjomi.

2. Apply to the Governments of Russia and Georgia to review the issue on introducing to their respective State Budgets for the future year expenditures for development and implementation of inter-state program on mutual cooperation in rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Russian conflict.

3. To hold session of co-chairmen of the JCC and the workgroup on the economic issues on July 4-5, 2002 in Moscow.

4. The Georgian and South Ossetian parties should take preliminary consultations before the Moscow meeting.

On behalf of the South-Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the North Ossetian Side

On behalf of the Russian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

the European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION on Citizenship of the Russian Federation

Article 14. Granting of civic rights (citizenship) through simplified procedures.

1. Foreign nationals and stateless persons that reached the age of 18 and are capable are authorized to file the application on getting the citizenship of the Russian Federation through simplified procedures without compliance with the paragraph “a” of Article 13 of this Federal Law if these citizens and persons:

(…)

b. were the citizens of the USSR, were or are the residents of the Union Republics, didn’t get the citizenship of those republics and remain stateless persons.

(…)

Prezident of the Russian Federation V. Putin

31 May 2002

(Collection of Legislation of the RF # 22, 2002, p. 5481-5496)

 

 

PROTOCOL of the meeting of the Working Group Three held on 25 June 2002 in Tbilisi

1. To note and assess positively the implementation of the decisions made at the meeting of the WG III of 8 April 2002.

2. On the project of the gradual development of the health care in Abkhazia

On the given issue the sides agreed upon the following:

1) The Abkhaz side will provide its proposals on the set-by-step development of the health care in Abkhazia with respect of the needs of Gali region to the bilateral Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission within two weeks.

2) Based on the consultation with the Sides, the bilateral Georgian-Abkhaz Commission will draft the proposal on the step-by-step development of health care in Abkhazia. The decision on this issue will be taken at the extraordinary session of the Working Group Three.

3) Upon reaching the final decision, the sides will approach the donors and request the provision of the technical and financial assistance for the implementation of this proposal.

3. To endorse the proposal on the treatment of children suffering from heart diseases

The sides agreed to conduct cardiology surgery for children suffering from heart diseases and expressed their gratitude for financial, organisational and other types of support to the staff of the Jo Anne Children Cardiology Department, ICRC, the UNOMIG and the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission.

4. To endorse the sport proposal for youth in the conflict zone and the adjacent territories

The sides endorsed the proposal, decided to ask the UNDP for assistance in finalizing the proposal and initiating consultations with the donors on possible funding.

5. To endorse the proposal the second part of the telecommunications project

The sides have endorsed and adopted mutually agreed points to be included in the proposal for the second part of the telecommunications project and expressed their gratitude to the German Embassy in Georgia and the UNDP for their active support in the implementation of this project.

6. To endorse the proposal for the development of Zugdidi and Sukhumi electricity infrastructure

The Sides agreed upon the following:

1) Within 2 weeks the Sides will submit to the Working Group III the documentation for the development of Zugdidi and Sukhumi City electricity infrastructure.

2) Upon reaching the final agreement the Sides will approach the UNDP with the request to initiate consultations with donors on possible financing.

7. Project on summer vacations for Abkhaz and Georgian children in children center ARTEK has been noted.

The Sides expressed their gratitude to the government of Ukraine, the Embassy of Ukraine in Georgia and the UNOMIG for their support in the implementation of this project.

8. The issue of teaching in native language in the Gali district schools has been discussed

With respect to this issue the sides agreed on the following:

The sides will hold additional consultations and take the final decision before 20 July 2002 (the proposals of the Sides are attached).

9. To endorse the proposal on publishing the poem “Knight in Panther’s Skin” in Abkhaz language

The Sides have endorsed the project on publishing the poem “Knight in Panther’s Skin” for the children at pre-school establishments and primary schools in Abkhaz language and ask the UNDP for seeking the funding for its implementation. The Sides agreed to discuss the issue on publishing the works of famous Abkhaz writers in Georgian language.

10. The Sides proposed to submit for the consideration of the next session of the Georgian Abkhaz Coordinat nating Council the proposal for the amendment to the Clause 5 of the Statute of the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Council.

For the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

For the Abkhaz Side B. Kubrava

For the UN L. Clark

 

Project on fulfillment of the issue “On the results of works on telecommunication means”

The working group gives a high assessment to the work that has been already done by UNDP on rehabilitation of the communication system and telecommunication means considering necessary to ask the Embassy of Germany in Georgia for assistance in allocation of next tranche

aimed to continue works in this field.

For Georgian Side: M. Kakabadze

For Abkhaz Side: B. Kubrava

For the United Nations: L. Clark

 

Proposals of the Working Group Three on medical assistance to the patients with onco-incurable diseases.

To endorse the intention of the sides to provide anesthetic (narcotic) medicines to the patients with onco-incurable diseases. In this regard to elaborate and implement adequate normative acts that will consider strict control and exchange of information between the relevant agencies of the sides through bilateral Georgian-Abkhaz coordinating commission.

For Georgian Side: M. Kakabadze

For Abkhaz Side: B. Kubrava

For the United Nations: L. Clark

 

Proposals of the Working Group Three on Radioactive waste products on the territory of SFTI and other organizations

Having discussed the proposals of the sides, the Working Group Three made a conclusion to carry out the following activities:

1. The SFTI shall specify the list of radioactive sources and waste products.

2. The Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia shall:

a) Transfer to the SFTI modern radiometric and dosimetric equipment to carry out independent works with the radioisotope sources, as well as the means of individual protection;

b) assist the SFTI in secure keeping of radioactive products on the territory of the SFTI and preparation of radioactive products for transportation;

c) assist in taking out of the territory of Abkhazia the waste radioactive products after the storage has been accomplished;

d) consider the issue on involvement of special organizations to remove two gamma-installations with cobalt 60 (from 800 to 8000 curie) that still are at the SFTI and IEPT;

e) provide the mobile radiation monitoring equipment to the AGCEM;

f) ask the MAGATE for financial and technical support to fulfil aforementioned measures.

For Georgian Side: M. Kakabadze

For Abkhaz Side: B. Kubrava

For the United Nations: L. Clark

 

Project on the educational issues

The Georgian side forwarded to the Abkhaz side its proposals for further deliberation. The next meeting of the ministers of education will be held on 22 April 2002 at Sukhumi office of the UNO. They will discuss the issue on providing programme-methodical means for the schools of Gali District. The other issues will be discussed at the following meeting.

The Working Group gives a high assessment to the work done by the UNHCR in renovating the schools in Gali District and its intention to accomplish this work (including possible repair of schools occupied by the PKF of the CIS).

The Working Group welcomes the plans of the UNHCR on rehabilitation of schools in the rest of regions of Abkhazia.

For Georgian Side: M. Kakabadze

For Abkhaz Side: B. Kubrava

For the United Nations: L. Clark

25 June 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL #23 OF THE MEETING OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

July 9, 2002, Moscow

Agenda:

1. On rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

2. On draft Russia-Georgia interstate project on return, development, integration and re-integration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the measures to be taken for the rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return.

3. Miscellaneous.

Adopted:

On rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

(Mayorov, Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Lacombe, Vantomme, Liddell)

1.1. To make a decision about mutual cooperation in the process of rehabilitating the economy in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict (Annex 1).

1.2. To approve an address to the European Commission (EC) on rendering the humanitarian aid to the population in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

1.3. To make a decision on the EC proposal (Annex 4).

Adopted:

2. On draft Russia-Georgia interstate project on return, development, integration and re-integration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict and measures to be taken for the rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return. (Chochiev, Kusov, Machavariani, Lacombe, Vantomme, Mayorov)

2.1. On draft Russia-Georgia interstate project on return, development, integration and re-integration of refugees, IDPs and other persons suffered as a result of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict and measures to be taken for the rehabilitation of economy in the regions of return (Annex 2).

Adopted:

3. Miscellaneous (Machavariani, Chochiev, Kusov, Mayorov, Lacombe)

3.1. To recommend carrying out of regular 7th meeting of expert groups on political settlement of the Georgia-Ossetian conflict in the first half of September 2002.

Support the proposal of the acting the OSCE mission on carrying out the 8th meeting of expert groups in Vienna between October 7-10, 2002.

3.2 To make a decision on regulating a registration of the JCC meetings (Annex 3).

3.3. Focus the attention of the Georgian part on the importance of the problem resolution with regard to repayment of $100.000 to the UN Development Program intended for financing the rehabilitation projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, which had been transferred to the Georgian budget in 1998 and is subject to repayment pursuant to the law. Entrust the head of the Georgian part of the JCC to make all efforts to achieve a positive settlement of this problem in the near future.

M. Mayorov, Chairman of the Session, Head of Russian Part of the JCC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 1 To Protocol #23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission

(JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement July 9, 2002, Moscow

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

The Joint Control Commission decided:

1. Heads of the Georgian and Russian parts of the JCC, in coordination with the concerned ministries and agencies of the parties, prior to October 1, 2002, shall define the level of the heads of the Georgian and Russian parts of the interstate organ to realize the interstate program on mutual cooperation in terms of the rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and a candidate for its membership, as well as develop a draft Provision on this organ in cooperation with the authorized representatives of the South Ossetian and North Ossetian parties and present it for further approval by the Governments of the parties.

2. Deem it expedient to include in the composition of the interstate organ representatives of the public authorities and management being in charge of economic, financial, industrial, commercial, communications, transport, construction, energy, highways, agriculture, social sector and other issues.

3. Recommend the Russian and Georgian parties, in cooperation with the South and North Ossetian parties, to continue working on the Project on the Interstate Program on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, bearing into mind the fact that the Program shall be submitted for consideration to the Governments of the Russian federation and Georgia at the end of 2002.

4. Heads of the Russian and Georgian parts shall regularly inform the JCC on the condition of including expenditures for the development and implementation of the Interstate Program on Mutual Cooperation in Rehabilitation of Economy in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict in relevant state budgets for 2003.

5. Approve the address to the European Commission with regard to rendering the humanitarian aid to the population in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict suffered as a result of the natural disasters within June-July of 2002 (Attached).

6. Carry out meetings with the workgroup of the JCC in charge of economic issues in Tskhinvali and Vladikavkaz at the end of July and early September of 2002, respectively.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control

Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement.

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Draft Russia-Georgia Interstate Project on Return, Development, Integration and Re-Integration of Refugees, IDPs and other Persons Suffered as a Result of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

July 9, 2002 Moscow

Having heard the information of the ad hoc Committee of the JCC on assisting with the voluntary return of refugees and IDPs,

The Joint Control Committee decided:

1. Approve the Draft Russia-Georgia Interstate Project on Return, Development, Integration and Re-Integration of Refugees, IDPs And other Persons Suffered as a Result of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict (see the Program).

2. Heads of the Georgian and Russian parts of the JCC shall carry out the respective intra-state procedures in connection with the draft program. In cooperation with the authorized representatives of the South and North Ossetian parties, the draft program shall be completed for the purpose of its further submission to the Government of the Russian Federation and Georgia for approval.

3. The ad hoc Committee of the JCC on refugees, prior to December 1, 2002, shall develop a mechanism for implementing the program and present its proposals to the JCC for consideration.

4. The following meeting of the ad hoc Committee on refugees shall be held between September-October of 2002 in Vladikavkaz.

The exact date shall be agreed along the way.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 3 To Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC)

for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement.July 9, 2002 Moscow

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On Regulating a Registration of the JCC Meetings of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement

The Joint Control Commission (JCC) for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement (JCC) has been established in accordance with Article 3 of the Agreement on the Principles of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement, which was concluded and signed on June 24, 1992 in the city of Sochi.

During ten years of its functioning, there were some periods when the JCC’s activities were very intense, and, unfortunately, there were periods of its business decline. On the whole, some intensification and strengthening tendencies have been identified in the activities of the JCC during the above-noted period. At the present moment, the JCC has become a very efficient instrument of taking control over the situation in the zone of the conflict as a whole, which was marked by the international community to for a number of times.

Due to the above-noted facts, it has become necessary to review and generalize the JCC working experience, which, in its turn, will be impossible without regulating and archiving the relevant documents in an appropriate manner. The main document of the JCC are protocols of its sessions (meetings), which are attached by decisions made about particular directions of its activities. These protocols are divided into three groups, which correspond to three stages of the development of the JCC activities.

The first group: – these are four protocols, which fall under the early stage of the JCC activities (July-August 1992).

The second group: - these are eleven protocols of the JCC meetings which deal with the period when the functioning of the Commission was renewed after the long break between 1992-1994, which was related to the conflict in Abkhazia (covering the period between 1992-1994). Apparently, within the above-noted period one or two sessions on average were held on an annual basis.

And finally, the third group – these are seven protocols of the meetings of co-chairmen of the JCC dealing with the last, the most intense period of its activities covering the years between 2001-2002. It is pretty obvious to see that the average frequency of the given sessions equaled 4 per year (i.e. practically each quarter).

At the same time, it is necessary to admit, that the above-noted three groups of protocols do not find any differences neither from the formal (taking into account the status of the decisions made pursuant to the provision of the JCC) nor conceptual points of view (coverage of the topics under discussions based on which the decisions are made).

Due to the above-noted facts, with the purpose of regulating the registering and archiving of documents of the JCC, is shall be expedient to combine the above-stated protocols under the single numeration.

The joint control commission decided:

1. The above-noted four early, and eleven following sessions of the JCC, as well as seven meetings of co-chairmen shall be named the sessions of the joint control commission and introduce the single numeration for corresponding protocols in accordance with the following enumeration:

Protocol # 1 – Protocol # 1 dated July 3-4, 1992, Tskhinvali and Vladikavkaz;

Protocol # 2 - Protocol # 2 dated July 6, 1992, Tbilisi;

Protocol # 3 – Protocol # 3 dated July 12, 1992;

Protocol # 4 – Protocol dated August 3, 1992, Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 5 – Protocol # 1 dated November 1, 1994, Moscow;

Protocol # 6 – Protocol # 2 dated November 22, 1994, Vladikavkaz;

Protocol # 7– Protocol # 3 dated December 6, 1994, Moscow;

Protocol # 8 – Protocol # 4 dated June 9, 1995, Moscow;

Protocol # 9 – Protocol # 5 dated July 19-20, 1995, Tbilisi and Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 10 – Protocol # 6 dated July 23-24, 1995, Vladikavkaz;

Protocol # 11 – Protocol # 7 dated February 13, 1997, Vladikavkaz;

Protocol # 12 – Protocol # 8 dated September 26, 1997, settlement of Java;

Protocol # 13 – Protocol # 9 dated March 31, 1999, Moscow;

Protocol # 14 – Protocol # 10 dated July 23, 1999, settlement Java;

Protocol # 15 – Protocol on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated February 8, 2001, Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 16 – Protocol # 11 dated April 21, 2001, Vladikavkaz;

Protocol # 17 – Protocol # 2 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated July 3, 2001, Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 18 – Protocol # 3 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated August 2, 2001, Moscow;

Protocol # 19 - Protocol # 4 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated October 25, 2001, Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 20 – Protocol # 5 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated February 28 – March 1, 2002, Tskhinvali;

Protocol # 21 – Protocol # 6 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated May 14-16, 2002, Borjomi;

Protocol # 22 – Protocol # 7 on the results of the meeting of co-chairmen of the JCC dated June 5, 2002, Tskhinvali.

2. The ordinal number of 23 shall be assigned to the protocol of this session of the JCC and all further sessions held on the top level of representation of parties in the JCC, shall be numbered based on this fact, under the ordinal number of 24, and then by progressive order.

3. The parties shall introduce to their archives the numeration defined under paragraph 1 of this Decision by indicating the new number in brackets after the old one, and from this time onward, when making references to this protocols, strictly follow the new numeration.

4. Recommend the OSCE, UNHCR, the European Commission, other international organizations, as well as mass media to take into account this Decision and when referring to the JCC documents strictly follow its provisions.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

 

Annex 4 to Protocol # 23 Meeting of the Joint Control Commission (JCC) f

or the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement. July 9, 2002, Moscow

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

On Proposal of the European Commission

Taking into consideration the proposal of the European Commission on the allocation of the third grant for the economic rehabilitation of the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and the opinion of the Ossetian party supported in a principle manner by the Georgian party,

the Joint Control Commission decided:

Recommend the South Ossetian and Georgian parties to conduct consultations with the European Commission prior to September 10 of the current year with the purpose of final agreement on the proposal of the EC.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of: the OSCE Mission European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

ADDRESS OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC)

The Joint Control Commission for the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement wants to express its satisfaction with the fat that from 1997, the EC will provide financial assistance for the economic rehabilitation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, which will foster the process of the conflict resolution, strengthen mutual confidence and cooperation between the Georgian and Ossetian parties, improve (normalize) the life of the population thereof.

Unfortunately, long rains, which resulted in disasters in many regions of the Caucasus, caused damage to the zone of conflict. Objects of the infrastructure were destroyed, including the road network and units of water supply. Almost half of the agricultural crops perished, which will require growth of import of foodstuffs, most of all wheat flour. Natural disasters not only caused tremendous economic losses, but also materially decreased the living standards of the population.

Taking into account the lack of possibilities to cope with the liquidation of the results of the natural disasters independently, the Joint Control Commission wants to make a request to EC to provide the humanitarian aid for the zone of conflict.

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission

the European Commission

Moscow, July 9, 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

PROTOCOL OF THE WORKING GROUP 2 OF THE COORDINATING COUNCIL OF THE GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SIDES

Chuburkhindji, 20 July 2002

The meeting of the Working Group 2 of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides was held in Chuburkhindji on 20 July 2002 under the aucpices of the UN and chaired by the representative of the UNHCR Ms. K. Bertrant, with participation of the deputy to the Special Envoy of the UN Ms. R. Otunbaeva, representatives of the UNOMIG, PKF of the CIS and the Coordinating Office of the UN on Humanitarian Issues.

The Georgian side was represented by delegation led by Mr. M. Kakabadze

The Abkhaz side was represented by delegation led by Mr. S. Shamba

The following items was included in the Agenda:

1. Realization of recommendations of the Joint Mission on assessment of the situation in Gali District (November, 2000), namely the security issues.

The report by the Commander of Gali Sector of the UNOMIG the colonel Hagman and Commander of the North Operating Group of the CIS PKF the colonel Matsko.

2. Implementation of the project of the UNHCR on rehabilitation of schools.

Report by the representative of the UNJCR Ms. K. Bertrant.

3. Registration issues.

4. Miscellaneous.

When opening the meeting, the representative of the UNHCR Ms. K. Bertrant expressed her satisfaction with regard of resumption of the work of Working Group 2 that was so important for peace process. She positively assessed this initiative and expressed her hope to the constructive dialogue within the mandate of this group aimed at resolving the problems. The representatives of both sides made the statements. The following representatives took part in the discussion: representatives of the sides, the Deputy to the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary General Ms. R. Otunbaeva, representatives of the CIS PKF and military observers of the UNOMIG.

Decision:

1. Expressing the understanding and decisiveness to establish the relevant security conditions in Gali District, noting that the security conditions have been improved in Gali over recent times, the participants if the Working Group 2 reached the agreement that the further gradual realization of the stability in the district and improvement of the work of law-enforcement agencies, constitute the priority task of current days.

The sides decided to ask the UNOMIG for immediate invitation of international experts to assess the situation in the security sphere and elaborate the recommendations for its improvement.

For further intensification of works on learning the problems of returned populations, the sides decided to include in the delegations of Georgia and Abkhazia at the Quadripartite Meeting one member from each, or entrust the acting members with the relevant task.

The sides reaffirm their intention towards the peaceful ways of regulating the disputable issues and condemn the acts aimed at solving them by forcible means.

2. The sides received the information of the UNHCR on implementation of the project of school rehabilitation.

3. The Sides agreed to start discussing the issue of registration after the work of international group of experts has been completed.

4. The Sides decides to hold the meetings of the Working Group 2 on the regular basis.

For the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze (Signed)

For the Abkhaz Side S. Shamba (Signed)

For the UNHCR K. Bertrant (Signed)

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Twelfth Session of the Working Group One

On 20 July 2002 in Chuburkhinji at the CIS PKF CP 201 the Twelfth Session of the Working Group One was held under the chairmanship of the Major General Kazi Ashfaq. The Georgian side was headed by Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze. The Abkhaz side was headed by Mr. Sergei Shamba. The group of the CIS PKF was headed by Major General Alexander Evteev.

1. The package of questions were included on the agenda, including security and confidence measures in Kodori valleye, also the situation in the Security Zone.

2. The sides reaffirmed their commitments not to use force against each other and resolve all disputable problems only through the peaceful means.

3. The Georgian side once again stated that it had fulfilled all the commitments taken in conformity with the Protocol of the meeting of Georgian and Abkhaz Sides in Sukhumi on 29 March 2002. In addition to this statement the Georgian side informed about significant reduction of the number of Georgian border guards at the upper part of Kodori Valley with regard to the number set out in the list of members of staff as mentioned in the letter of Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze. The Georgian side gave the explanation about the legal status and role of reservists, residing in upper part of the Kodori Valley. The Georgian side confirmed its intension to withdraw by the end of this month three mortars and ammunitions remaining in the village of Chkhalta after withdrawal of military units of the Ministry of Defence of Georgia in compliance with the Protocol of 29 March 2002.

4. The Abkhaz side agreed that measures taken under the aegis of the UNOMIG, particularly, the resumption of patrols to Kodori Valley by the representatives of the UNOMIG and CIS PKF would facilitate stabilization of the situation. At the same time the Abkhaz side adheres to the opinion that presence of Georgian border guards in Kodori Valley and armed reservists is a violation of existing agreements, including the Moscow agreement on Cease-fire and Separation of Forces of 14 May 1994. The Abkhaz side still considers that establishment of permanent posts of the UNOMIG and PKF of the CIS at the upper part of Kodori Valley, as well as the demilitarization of Kodori valley could be important contribution to the peace and confidence building process.

5. The representative of the CIS PKF provided the information that within 7 months of 2002 the PKF suffered losses in Kodori Valley closer to the Post 107 (Upper Lata).

One serviceman died, three wounded, one vehicle was exploded. The loss was a result of subversions and shelling. The situation with regard of PKF in Kodori Gorge is assessed as volatile and tensed.

6. The Chairman of the PKF of the CIS informed regarding withdrawal of the Posts

of PKF 105 and 103 at the northern part of the Security Zone in order to vacate school in Zemo-Bargebi and dwelling house in Repo-Etseri.

For the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

For the Abkhaz Side S. Shamba

For the CPKF of the CIS A. Evteev

For the UNOMIG K. Ashfaq

20 July 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION 1427 (29 July 2002) Adopted by the UN Security Council

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1393 (2002) of 31 January 2002,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 10 July 2002 (S/2002/742),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Recalling its condemnation of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of the nine people on board, and deploring the fact that the perpetrators of that attack have still not been identified,

Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

Welcoming also the agreement on the extension of the mandate of the CIS peacekeeping force for a new period terminating on 31 December 2002,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 10 July 2002 (S/2002/742);

2. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary- General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include asettlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

3. Recalls, in particular, its support for the document on “Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi” and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;

4. Regrets the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;

5. Underlines further that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;

6. Deeply regrets, in particular, the repeated refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to promote this outcome;

7. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust;

8. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I), and demands that they cease immediately;

9. Welcomes the decrease of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the intention reaffirmed by the parties to resolve the situation peacefully, recalls its strong support to the protocol signed by the two sides on 2 April 2002 regarding the situation in the Kodori Valley, calls on both sides, and in particular the Georgian side, to continue to fully implement this protocol, and recognizes the legitimate security oncerns of the civilian populations in the area, calls on the political leaders in Tbilisi and Sukhumi to observe security agreements, and calls on both sides to spare no efforts to agree a mutually acceptable arrangement for security of the population in, and in the vicinity of, the Kodori Valley;

10. Calls on the Georgian side to continue to improve security for joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols in the Kodori Valley to enable them to monitor the situation independently and regularly;

11. Strongly urges the parties to ensure the necessary revitalization of the peace process in all its major aspects, to resume their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), and to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner;

12. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG, reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration, recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and requests further measures to be undertaken inter alia by the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, including through quick-impact projects, to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;

13. Urges once again the parties to implement the recommendations of the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, carried out under the aegis of the United Nations, welcomes the agreement of the parties in this regard to explore the possibility of enhancing support for local law enforcement agencies, and calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;

14. Calls on both parties publicly to dissociate themselves from militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options and for the activities of illegal armed groups, and reminds the Georgian side in particular to uphold its commitment to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups;

15. Calls, once again, on the parties to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the shooting

down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001 and to bring them to justice and underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel;

16. Welcomes constant review by UNOMIG of its security arrangements in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

17. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 January 2003;

18. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

19. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

PROTOCOL #24 OF THE MEETING OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

July 30, 2002, Tskhinvali

Chaired by:

Boris Chochiev – Minister of Special Tasks, Head of the South-Ossetian Part of the JCC

Agenda:

1. On the facts of violation of the management system of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the measures to be taken for providing efficient functioning thereof.

2. On non-sanctioned flights of aircrafts over the territory of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.

3. Miscellaneous.

Resolved:

1. On the facts of violation of the management system of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the measures to be taken for providing efficient functioning thereof.

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Mayorov, Friev, Kochnev, Prizemlin, Lacombe, Holze)

1.1. Make a decision of the facts of violation of the management system of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the measures to be taken for providing efficient functioning thereof (Annex 1).

Resolved:

2. On non-sanctioned flight of aircrafts over the territory of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.

Chochiev, Machavariani, Mayorov, Holze)

2.1. Make a decision on the facts of non-sanctioned flights of aircrafts over the territory of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF (Annex 2).

Resolved:

3. Miscellaneous

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Mayorov, Kholze)

3.1. Deem it expedient to arrange a session of the Council of representatives of the Special Coordinating Center on mutual cooperation of law enforcement bodies of the parties prior to September 1, 2002. The place for holding the session should be coordinated along the way.

3.2. In order to keep stability in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, point out to the relevant agencies of the parties how important it is to notify the leadership of the South Ossetian and Georgian parties of the JCC in advance about the plans of law enforcement entities to conduct operations in the zone under the supervision and responsibility of the JPKF.

B. Chochiev-Chairman of the Session, Head of South-Ossetian part of the JCC

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

STATEMENT On the Facts of Violation of The Management System of the JPKF in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and the Measures to be Taken for Providing Efficient Functioning Thereof.

The joint forces of the JPKF established under the JCC for Georgian Ossetian conflict settlement, pursuant to the Agreement on principles of settlement of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict concluded on June 24, 1992, shall carry out their activities on the basis of the stated Agreement, as well as the Agreement on further development of the process of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and, Procedure on the JCC, and Procedure on main principles of activities of military contingents and groups of military observers. Acting in accordance with the states documents, the JPKF provided efficient keeping of peace and stability in the zone pf conflict, remaining up until the present moment, the most important factor of keeping peace and safe life.

The peacekeeping operation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, by itself, represents a unique operation. For the first time in the world practice, subdivisions of the parties, that previously took part in the conflict, participated in it. The experience of the JCC of the tripartite forces for keeping peace in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, that did not admit any outburst of armed violence, and, at the same time, did not suffer any battle losses, permits us to speak about the impressive success of their operations and the capability to use the tested model in other places. At the same time, this experience shows that use of the JPKF in the peace-keeping operations may be possible only in the case where interests of all parties and openness are strictly observed in the process of making decisions by taking into account the realistic situation in the zone of conflict, as well as unconditioned fulfillment of all decisions made by the JCC and joint Headquarters members of the JPKF.

However, an unprecedented event took place on July 14, 2002, during the arrangements dedicated to the 1st anniversary of the Russian-Georgian Agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of peacemaking forces in the zone of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict, specifically the Georgian contingent did not comply with the order of the Commander of the JPKF acting on the basis of the decisions if the JCC dated May 16 and July 5, 2002, on participation of the Georgian battalion in the stated arrangements.

The Georgian side not only refused to comply with the requirements of the agreement concluded within the framework of the JCC, but also violated its international obligations, and, in fact, tried to take the responsibility on the direct management of the Georgian contingent of the JPKF through direct management of its activities in the peacemaking operations (omitting the JCC and joint Command) which was the violation of the provisions of the Sochi Treaty and other fundamental documents of the settlement process.

These activities should be regarded as discrediting the peacemaking operations and undermining confidence between the parties to the conflict, as well as a dangerous precedent of disobedience by one of the parts of the contingent to the order of the joint Command of the JPKF, which may cause derangement of not only the peacemaking process but also of the entire peaceful process and result in unpredictable consequences.

The JCC deems it necessary to assign the co-chairman of the Georgian side, together with the workgroup in charge of the issues of activities of the JPKF and the law-enforcement entities, to clarify the reasons of the above-noted fact of violation of the agreement of June 24, 1992 and make a respective decision on it and present it for consideration to the leadership of the parties that participate in the process of the conflict settlement.

The JCC call upon to the Georgian side to take necessary actions for rehabilitating the management system by the Georgian contingent of the JPKF in accordance with the fundamental documents of the process for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement and don’t admit repetition of the above-noted facts in future.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

European Commission

July 30, 2002, Tskhinvali

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

Annex 2 To Protocol #24 of the JCC Session dated July 30, 2002, Tskhinvali

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT On non-sanctioned flight of aircrafts over the territory of the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF

Having heard and discussed the information of the South Ossetian side about the renewed non-sanctioned flights of helicopters without tokens over the zone of the JPKF in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, the JCC for the Georgian –Ossetian conflict settlement resolved:

1. Consider any non-sanctioned flights over the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF as a dangerous actions designed for derangement of peaceful process.

2. Point out to the respective agencies of the parties to the inadmissibility of no-sanctioned flights over the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.

3. Co-chairmen of the JCC, together with the commander of the JPKF, should carry out some works to find out the ownership of the helicopters that performed flights over the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and inform the JCC about the results prior to August 10, 2002. The Commander of the JPKF, based on the outcome of the above-noted works, should develop and present for consideration of the JCC the whole complex of measures to be taken for banning the non-sanctioned flights over the zone under the responsibility of the JPKF.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side

On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

 

STATEMENT On the Facts of Violation of The Management System of the JPKF in the Zone of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and the Measures to be Taken for Providing Efficient Functioning Thereof.

The joint forces of the JPKF established under the JCC for Georgian Ossetian conflict settlement, pursuant to the Agreement on principles of settlement of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict concluded on June 24, 1992, shall carry out their activities on the basis of the stated Agreement, as well as the Agreement on further development of the process of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, and, Procedure on the JCC, and Procedure on main principles of activities of military contingents and groups of military observers. Acting in accordance with the states documents, the JPKF provided efficient keeping of peace and stability in the zone pf conflict, remaining up until the present moment, the most important factor of keeping peace and safe life.

The peacekeeping operation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, by itself, represents a unique operation. For the first time in the world practice, subdivisions of the parties, that previously took part in the conflict, participated in it. The experience of the JCC of the tripartite forces for keeping peace in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, that did not admit any outburst of armed violence, and, at the same time, did not suffer any battle losses, permits us to speak about the impressive success of their operations and the capability to use the tested model in other places. At the same time, this experience shows that use of the JPKF in the peace-keeping operations may be possible only in the case where interests of all parties and openness are strictly observed in the process of making decisions by taking into account the realistic situation in the zone of conflict, as well as unconditioned fulfillment of all decisions made by the JCC and joint Headquarters members of the JPKF.

However, an unprecedented event took place on July 14, 2002, during the arrangements dedicated to the 1st anniversary of the Russian-Georgian Agreement on principles of peaceful settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and starting the activities of peacemaking forces in the zone of the Georgina-Ossetian conflict, specifically the Georgian contingent did not comply with the order of the Commander of the JPKF acting on the basis of the decisions if the JCC dated May 16 and July 5, 2002, on participation of the Georgian battalion in the stated arrangements.

The Georgian side not only refused to comply with the requirements of the agreement concluded within the framework of the JCC, but also violated its international obligations, and, in fact, tried to take the responsibility on the direct management of the Georgian contingent of the JPKF through direct management of its activities in the peacemaking operations (omitting the JCC and joint Command) which was the violation of the provisions of the Sochi Treaty and other fundamental documents of the settlement process.

These activities should be regarded as discrediting the peacemaking operations and undermining confidence between the parties to the conflict, as well as a dangerous precedent of disobedience by one of the parts of the contingent to the order of the joint Command of the JPKF, which may cause derangement of not only the peacemaking process but also of the entire peaceful process and result in unpredictable consequences.

The JCC deems it necessary to assign the co-chairman of the Georgian side, together with the workgroup in charge of the issues of activities of the JPKF and the law-enforcement entities, to clarify the reasons of the above-noted fact of violation of the agreement of June 24, 1992 and make a respective decision on it and present it for consideration to the leadership of the parties that participate in the process of the conflict settlement.

The JCC call upon to the Georgian side to take necessary actions for rehabilitating the management system by the Georgian contingent of the JPKF in accordance with the fundamental documents of the process for the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement and don’t admit repetition of the above-noted facts in future.

On behalf of the South Ossetian side On behalf of the Georgian side

On behalf of the Russian Side

On behalf of the North Ossetian side

In the presence of:

the OSCE Mission and

European Commission

July 30, 2002, Tskhinvali

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)

 

 

JOINT STATEMENT of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides of 4 August 2002

On 4 August 2002 under the aegis of the UN and under the chairmanship of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Georgia Ms. Kh. Talyaviny the Gali meeting was held with participation of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides in the presence of the Chief Military Observer of the UNOMIG General K. Ashfak.

The Georgian side was represented by the delegation headed by Mr. A. Jorbenadze. The Abkhaz side was represented by the delegation headed by Mr. A. Jergenia.

In the course of meeting the sides affirmed their commitment to the regulation of disputable issues solely through the peaceful ways. The sides expressed their concern about exacerbation of situation in the northern part of Gulripshi district and discussed the complex of measures aimed at early diffusion of the strained situation and decided to take all necessary steps for stabilization of the situation and prevention of crises, in particular:

- on 5 August 2002 the representatives of the sides will visit the northern part of Gulripshi district. The proposals on controlling mechanisms over the situation in this region will be elaborated based on the results of this visit;

- the “hot-line” will be established to provide prompt communication of the sides in case of emergency in order to exchange operative information and remove the tension.

The sides stressed on usefulness of such meetings and agreed to hold further meetings when necessary.

From the Georgian side A. Jorbenadze

From the Abkhaz side A. Jergenia

From the UN Kh. Tagliavini

From the UNOMIG K. Ashfak

4 August 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

RESOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the Fact of Bombing of the Territory of Georgia by the Military Forces of the Russian Federation

The Parliament of Georgia expresses its extreme indignation on the fact of bombing of the territory of Georgia on 23 August 2002 by the air forces of the Russian Federation, resulted in casualties of among the civilian population. Therefore, in order to guarantee security of the country and define principal directions of internal and foreign policy of Georgia

The Parliament of Georgia decrees:

1. Due to the intentional procrastination by the Russian federation of the process of withdrawal of Gudauta and other military bases deployed on the territory of Georgia, thereby breaching the Agreement of the OSCE 1999 Istanbul Summit, the executive authorities shall unilaterally determine the time-table of the withdrawal of military bases and take all necessary measures for its implementation.

2. Based on the repeated resolutions issued by the Parliament of Georgia, the executive authorities

of Georgia shall immediately terminate the mandate of contingent of the Russian peacekeeping forces and

take adequate measures to secure its withdrawal at the earliest possible date.

3. Due to absolute negligence on the part of the CIS of the repeated facts of military aggression of the Russian Federation against sovereign Georgia, to consider unacceptable further membership of Georgia in the CIS and calls on the President of Georgia to start all necessary procedures for denunciation of the Treaty on Georgia’s membership in the CIS.

4. The executive authority of Georgia shall elaborate, at the earliest possible date, an action-plan of urgent and additional measures aimed at strengthening of defensive capacity and security of the country; for the financial support of this plan the President of Georgia shall submit to the Parliament amendments to the law “on State Budget of 2002” and in the process of elaboration of the state budget of 2003 give due consideration to the need of increase and prioritization of financing of the military forces of Georgia.

5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia shall determine the scope of material and moral damage consequent of the bombing and carry out adequate measures in order to attain compensation in accordance with the international standards.

6. The Bureau of the Parliament of Georgia shall exercise control on the implementation of this Decree.

The Chair of the Parliament of Georgia Nino Burjanadze

26 August 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

REZOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA on the fact of bombing the territory of Georgia by the military forces of the Russian federation

The Parliament of Georgia expresses its extreme indignation on the fact of bombing of the territory of Georgia on 23 August 2002 by the air forces of the Russian Federation, resulted in casualties of among the civilian population. Therefore, in order to guarantee security of the country and define principal directions of internal and foreign policy of Georgia

The Parliament of Georgia decrees:

1. Due to the intentional procrastination by the Russian federation of the process of withdrawal of Gudauta and other military bases deployed on the territory of Georgia, thereby breaching the Agreement of the OSCE 1999 Istanbul Summit, the executive authorities shall unilaterally determine the time-table of the withdrawal of military bases and take all necessary measures for its implementation.

2. Based on the repeated resolutions issued by the Parliament of Georgia, the executive authorities of Georgia shall immediately terminate the mandate of contingent of the Russian peacekeeping forces and take adequate measures to secure its withdrawal at the earliest possible date.

3. Due to absolute negligence on the part of the CIS of the repeated facts of military aggression of the Russian Federation against sovereign Georgia, to consider unacceptable further membership of Georgia in the CIS and calls on the President of Georgia to start all necessary procedures for denunciation of the Treaty on Georgia's membership in the CIS.

4. The executive authority of Georgia shall elaborate, at the earliest possible date, an action-plan of urgent and additional measures aimed at strengthening of defensive capacity and security of the country; for the financial support of this plan the President of Georgia shall submit to the Parliament amendments to the law "on State Budget of 2002" and in the process of elaboration of the state budget of 2003 give due consideration to the need of increase and prioritization of financing of the military forces of Georgia.

5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia shall determine the scope of material and moral damage consequent of the bombing and carry out adequate measures in order to attain compensation in accordance with the international standards.

6. The Bureau of the Parliament of Georgia shall exercise control on the implementation of this Decree.

The Chair of the Parliament of Georgia Nino Burjanadze

Tbilisi, 26 August 2002

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

 

 

PROTOCOL # 25 OF THE SESSION OF JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION (JCC) FOR THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

3-4 October, 2002, Tskhinvali

Chairing: Chochiev Boris Minister for Special Assignments of the Republic of South Ossetia, Head of the South Ossetian Part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On the aspects in the development of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement process

2. Miscellaneous

Adopted:

1. On the aspects in the development of the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Settlement process

(Chochiev, Prizemlin, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Vikki, Vantomme, Kublashvili, K. Kochiev)

The parties discussed the development of the situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone. The party has made a statement in light of the recent news on the possible conduction of force actions on the Tskhinvali territory of the South Ossetia (the statement is attached).

The parties noted with concern the appearance of serious of publications, which make a negative background and generate fears for the fate of peace in the conflict zone. The parties confirmed their aspiration for achieving the Georgian-Ossetian conflict settlement exceptionally by peaceful means.

The parties took into consideration the statement of the Georgian party, that the abovementioned news do not reflect an official position of the Georgian government, which remains adherent towards peace settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in the framework of the negotiation process.

The Joint Control Commission underlines the inadmissibility of conducting force actions contradicting to the achieved agreements in the zone under the JPKF responsibility, without agreement with the JCC.

The participants of the meeting called the officials and mass media to abstain from actions, statements and publication of the materials, which could complicate the situation in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict zone and peace settlement process.

Adopted:

2. Miscellaneous

(Chochiev, Prizemlin, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Vikki, Vantomme, Kublashvili, K. Chochiev, Dzitsoiti, Tadeev)

2.1. Having listened to the information of the JPKF Commander on the emerged difficulties during movement of the JPKF staff outside the conflict zone, directing to the medical establishments of the DRTIC (Grope Russian Truppe in Caocasus), as well as accompanying transport vehicles of the JPKF for repairing works, it was decided to instruct the JCC working group of the JPKF activity and Interaction of the Law-enforcement Bodies in the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict Zone to
discuss the issues raised by the JPKF Commander and to elaborate a relevant draft JCC Decision, if necessary.

2.2. To hold a JCC meeting on the issue of the organizational works of the Special Coordination Centre under the JCC on the Interaction of the Lawenforcement bodies of the parties with the participation of the JCC in the nearest future in Tskhinvali.

2.3. To hold a meeting of the JCC Ad hoc committee on Refugees in the
period between 15 and 20 October 2002 in Vladikavkaz.

Chairman of the session, Head of the South Ossetian part of the JCC B. Chochiev

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues)

 

 

 

PROTOCOL THE 7-TH MEETING OF EXPERTS’ GROUP Of AUTHORIZED DELEGATIONS OF THE SIDES WITHIN THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS on full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict

On 4 October 2002 the 7-th meeting of Experts’ group of authorized delegations of the sides within the negotiation process on full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, under mediation of the Russian Federation, participation of representatives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the OSCE, in the presence of representatives of the European Commission (see the list attached) was held in Tskhinvali.

The representative of the OSCE Cio made a presentation at the meeting and delivered the invitation by Portuguese Chair to hold the 8-th meeting of the experts’ group of autorized delegations of the sides within the framework of negotation process on full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict on 26-27 October 2002 in Castelo-Branco (Portugal).

Bearing in mind the importance of the upcoming meeting and possible wide range of the problems to be discussed the sides applied to the Cio with the request to consider the possibility of adding working days to the proposed schedule.

The sides agreed to consider the issue of their participation in the 8-th meeting of the experts’ group and inform the OSCE on their decision not later than 8 October 2002.

In order to traft the agenda of the experts’ group 8-th meeting the sides agreed to exchange appropriate proposals withi a week’s time. If necessary, take final decision on this issue during the ad hoc Committee on Refugees session in Vladikavkaz on 15-20 October 2002.

The sides expressed their deep appreciation to the South Ossetian side for hospitality and for providing good working conditions for the above meeting.

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues)

 

LAW OF GEORGIA on changes and amendments to the constitution of Georgia

Article 1. To introduce the following changes and amendments to the Constitution of Georgia:

1. To add to Article 3 as Paragraph 4 the following:

“4. The status of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be determined by the Constitutional law of Georgia “on the Status of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”

2. In Paragraph 3 of Article 4 to change the word “Abkhazia” with the words “The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”.

3. In Article 8 to change the word “Abkhazia” with the words “The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”.

4. In Paragraph 1 of Article 55 to change the word “Abkhazia” with the words “The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”.

5. In Paragraph 1 of Article 67 to change the word “Abkhazia” with the words “The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”.

6. In Paragraph 1 of Article 89 and in the sub-paragraph ‘a’ of the same paragraph to change the word “Abkhazia” with the words “The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and”.

Article 2. This law shall enter into force right after it is published.

The President of Georgia E. Shevardnadze

Tbilisi, 10 October 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs)

 

 

PROTOCOL of the meeting of the Working Group Three held on 14 November 2002 in Sukhumi

Meeting of the Working Group III of the Coordinating Council of the Georgian and Abkhaz Sides was held on 14 November 2002 in Sukhumi under the aegis of the United Nations, under the chairmanship of the UNDP Resident Representative, Mr. Lance Clark, and with the participation of the UNOMIG Chief Military Observer, General Kazi Ashfaq, the Executive Secretary of the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission,Mr.Zurab Lakerbaia and Mr. Sergey Shamba. The Georgian delegation was led by Mr. Malkhaz Kakabadze. The Abkhaz delegation was led by Mr. B. Kubrava.

The Sides have discussed the agenda and agreed upon the following:

1. Implementation of the Decisions of the meeting of the Working Group Three of 25 June 2002 held in Tbilisi.

To endorse and approve (documents attached)

2. On reinforcement of Inguri, Kodori and Bzib riverbanks and the whole of the Black Sea

coastline

With the assistance of UNDP and the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission the Parties will draft a concept paper on the reinforcement of the Inguri and Kodori riverbanks and the whole of the Black Sea coastline

3. On preservation of unique and production of commercial types of grape saplings

The Sides will elaborate concept paper on preservation of unique and enlargement of production of commercial types of grape with the assistance of the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission. With this the Sides will ask the UNDP for assistance in assessing the interest of possible donors to this project.

4. On restoration of cultural heritage monuments in Abkhazia with participation of the UNESCO

To invite an assessment mission for preparing the list of historical monuments that need repair and restoration. The result of the assessment will be discussed at the meeting of the Working Group Three and the relevant decisions will be made.

5. Proposal in the field of health care

In the first quarter of 2003 the Sides will organize a visit of specialists to the healthcare establishments of Abkhazia (with special emphasis on cardiology) with the assistance of the UNDP and the Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Commission aimed at assessing the areas of methodical and technical assistance.

6. Information on the issue of teaching in native language in the Gali district schools

At the next meeting of the Working Group Three approximately after 3 months the Sides will discuss the actions and concrete time-frame for transition to teaching in a native language at schools in the Gali district.

7. To endorse in general and to deliberate the changes to the document on further systematization the project development process of the Working Group Three.

For the Georgian Side M. Kakabadze

For the Abkhaz Side B. Kubrava

For the UN L. Clark

 

Attachment to Point 1 of the Protocol

1. Funding for the project proposal on the rehabilitation of Sportsmen Youth in the conflict zone and adjacent territories is likely to be secured and the implementation of an initial phase of the project to be started.

2. The Sides decided to prepare a concept paper on the development of City Electricity Infrastructure of Sukhumi and Zugdidi. The issue of funding remains unclear.

3. Funding for the project on publishing the “Knight in Panther’s Skin” in Abkhaz language is likely to be secured and the book to be published.

14 November 2002

(Archive of the Staff of the Minister of Georgia on Special Affairs/ in Russian)

 

 

2003

RESOLUTION 1462 (2003)UNITED NATIONS ADOPTED BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL, on

30 January 2003

The Security Council,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1427 (2002) of 29 July 2002,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 13 January 2003

(S/2003/39),

Recalling the conclusions of the Lisbon (S/1997/57, annex) and Istanbul summits of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia,

Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,

Recalling its condemnation of the shooting down of a helicopter of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) on 8 October 2001, which resulted in the death of the nine people on board, and deploring the fact that the perpetrators of that attack have still not been identified,

Stressing that the continued lack of progress on key issues of a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, is unacceptable,

Welcoming the important contributions made by UNOMIG and the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) in stabilizing the situation in the zone of conflict, and stressing its attachment to the close cooperation existing between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

1. Wel comes the report of the Secretary-General of 13 January 2003 (S/2003/39);

2. Reaffirms the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders, and the necessity to define the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia in strict accordance with these principles;

3. Commends and strongly supports the sustained efforts of the Secretary-General

and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its capacity as facilitator as well as of the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the OSCE, to promote the stabilization of the situation and the achievement of a comprehensive political settlement, which must include a settlement of the political status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia;

4. Reiterates, in particular, its support for the document on “Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi” and for its letter of transmittal, finalized by, and with the full support of, all members of the Group of Friends;

5. Regrets the lack of progress on the initiation of political status negotiations, and recalls, once again, that the purpose of these documents is to facilitate meaningful negotiations between the parties, under the leadership of the United Nations, on the status of Abkhazia within the State of Georgia, and is not an attempt to impose or dictate any specific solution to the parties;

6. Underlines further that the process of negotiation leading to a lasting political settlement acceptable to both sides will require concessions from both sides;

7. Deeply regrets, in particular, the repeated refusal of the Abkhaz side to agree to a discussion on the substance of this document, again strongly urges the Abkhaz side to receive the document and its transmittal letter, urges both parties thereafter to give them full and open consideration, and to engage in constructive negotiations on their substance, and urges those having influence with the parties to

promote this outcome;

8. Wel comes in that regard the Secretary-General’s intention to invite senior representatives of the Group of Friends to an informal brainstorming session on the way ahead;

9. Calls on the parties to spare no efforts to overcome their ongoing mutual mistrust;

10. Condemns any violations of the provisions of the Moscow Agreement of

14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583, annex I);

11. Wel comes the decrease of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the intention reaffirmed by the parties to resolve the situation peacefully, recalls its strong support to the protocol signed by the two sides on 2 April 2002 regarding the situation in the Kodori Valley, calls on both sides, and in particular the Georgian

side, to continue to fully implement this protocol, and recognizes the legitimate security concerns of the civilian populations in the area, calls on the political leaders in Tbilisi and Sukhumi to observe security agreements, and calls on both sides to spare no efforts to agree on a mutually acceptable arrangement for security of the population in, and in the vicinity of, the Kodori Valley;

12. Calls on the Georgian side to continue to improve security for joint UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping force patrols in the Kodori Valley to enable them to monitor the situation independently and regularly;

13. Strongly urges the parties to ensure the necessary revitalization of the peace process in all its major aspects, to resume their work in the Coordinating Council and its relevant mechanisms, to build on the results of the Yalta meeting on confidence-building measures in March 2001 (S/2001/242), to implement the proposals agreed on that occasion in a purposeful and cooperative manner, and to consider holding a fourth conference on confidence-building measures;

14. Stresses the urgent need for progress on the question of the refugees and internally displaced persons, calls on both sides to display a genuine commitment to make returns the focus of special attention and to undertake this task in close coordination with UNOMIG, reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration, recalls that the Abkhaz side bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and requests further measures to be undertaken inter alia by the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, including through quick-impact projects, to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions;

15. Urges once again the parties to implement the recommendations of the joint assessment mission to the Gali district, carried out under the aegis of the United Nations, welcomes the recent visit of a United Nations police assessment team to Gali and Zugdidi sectors, looks forward to its recommendations, and calls in particular on the Abkhaz side to improve law enforcement involving the local population and to address the lack of instruction in their mother tongue for the ethnic Georgian population;

16. Calls on both parties publicly to dissociate themselves from militant rhetoric and demonstrations of support for military options and for the activities of illegal armed groups, and encourages the Georgian side in particular to continue its efforts to put an end to the activities of illegal armed groups;

17. Wel comes the additional safeguards for helicopter flights instituted in response to the shooting down of a UNOMIG helicopter on 8 October 2001, calls, once again, on the parties to take all necessary steps to identify those responsible for the incident, to bring them to justice, and to inform the Special Representative on the implementation of these steps;

18. Underlines that it is the primary responsibility of both sides to provide appropriate security and to ensure the freedom of movement of UNOMIG, the CIS peacekeeping force and other international personnel;

19. Wel comes constant review by UNOMIG of its security arrangements in order to ensure the highest possible level of security for its staff;

20. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 31 July 2003, and to further review that mandate unless a decision on the presence of the CIS peacekeeping force is taken by 15 February 2003;

21. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council regularly informed and to report three months from the date of the adoption of this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia;

22. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

(www.un.org/docs)

 

 

THE STATEMENT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

The Parliament of Georgia is deeply concerned at the latest facts that have taken place regarding Abkhazia, Georgia, and notes that during the last 10 years the progress has not been achieved in the solution of the problem of Abkhazia. The separatist government again refuses to have political dialogue and even to familiarize itself with so called Boden's document "On The Separation of Competencies Between Tbilisi and Sukhumi." It does not provide for the secure and in dignity return of refugees and tries to maintain and legalize the demographic situation that was artificially changed as a result of the ethnic cleansing and genocide.

The actions of Russia (which is also the mediator between the conflicting parties), against such background give rise to special concern. Georgia perceives such actions as the support to aggressive separatism.

The establishment by the Russian Federation, without preliminary agreement of Georgia and against its will, of the visa-free regime on Abkhazian and so called South Ossetian stretches of Georgian-Russian state border, granting of Russian citizenship to citizens of Georgia, residing in Abkhazia, restoration of the movement on Sochi-Sukhumi railway, the attempt to open up the communication space of Abkhazia, the illegal privatization of real property, located in Abkhazia by Russian legal entities and citizens, frequent meetings of Russian high officials with the representatives of the separatist regime of Abkhzia, demonstrating the full disdain to the Government of Georgia, is perceived as an attempt of factual annexation of the inseparable part of Georgia.

The Parliament of Georgia considers that the above mentioned actions are the rude interference into the domestic affairs of Georgia, the infringement of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our country and full disdain of Georgia's, as an independent state's will, violating the norms of international law, bilateral agreements and several agreements, signed in the framework of the CIS. The mentioned problems bear the extremely negative impact on Russian-Georgian relations and in case, they are not solved, exclude the possibility of good neighborly and mutually beneficial relations between the two countries.

Taking into consideration that in accordance with the statements of Russian officials, they had not been informed about the above-mentioned activities, the Georgian side expects that after the visit of the Georgian parliamentary delegation to Russia and the meeting of the President of Georgia and the President of the Russian Federation in the Ukraine, the Russian side will make constructive steps for the settlement of the existing problems.

The Parliament of Georgia once more declares its readiness to solve the mentioned issues by means of bilateral Russian-Georgian negotiations and applies to the Official Authorities of the Russian Federation, in compliance with the agreements, achieved during the Moscow meetings, to create the ad-hoc group that will at the initial stage work out the ways of prevention of granting Russian citizenship to the citizens of Georgia, residing in Abkhazia, as well as prevention of the railway movement.

In case, if the mentioned issues are not settled in the nearest future at the bilateral level, Georgia will have to consider this and the other above mentioned issues as the position of the Russian Federation and it will have to apply to the international community, the UN, the OSCE, the European Union, the Council of Europe and the friend countries, for the support and adequate response.

The Parliament of Georgia urges the executive power of Georgia:

To demand from the Russian side, to prevent without delay illegal mass granting of Russian citizenship to the citizens of Georgia, residing in Abkhazia and so called South Ossetia and the railway movement between Sochi and Sukhumi;

To demand from Russia, as a mediator between the conflicting parties, implementation of the effective means, so that the Abkhazian side starts the political dialogue for the peaceful settlement of the conflict. If it is not the case, the Government of Georgia should apply to the United Nations Organization with the request for the alteration of the mandate and inaction of the provisions, envisaged in the chapter 7 of the UN Charter;

In case the CIS Peace-Keeping Forces withdraw from the region, the relevant bodies should undertake all the necessary measures to avoid the hostilities and to maintain stability in this zone;

To implement specific measures for the reinforcement of the defensive capacities that is necessary for the country;

In accordance with the norms, envisaged by the legislation of Georgia, to submit to the Parliament in a week's term, the plan for the settlement of the existing crisis-ridden situation. The Parliament of Georgia expresses its readiness to participate in the elaboration and implementation of the mentioned plan.

30 January 2003, Tbilisi

(Archive of the Parliament of Georgia/in Georgian)

 

Informal Translation)

PROTOCOL # 26 OF THE SESSION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT

9-10 February 2003 , Tskhinvali

Agenda:

1. On the activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces and the interaction of the Sides’ Law Enforcement Bodies in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

2. The information of the European Commission (EC) about the plans of the EC for the year 2003 on the implementation of rehabilitation projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. On the implementation of recommendations of the VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups for the Settlement of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict.

4. On some organizational issues of the negotiation process for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and their financial provision.

5. Miscellaneous.

Adopted:

1. On the activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces and the interaction of the Sides’ Law Enforcement Bodies in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

(Chochiev, Nabzdorov, Friev, Kebadze, Machavariani, Mayorov, Kusov, Lacombe)

1.1. To take into consideration the report of the acting JPKF Commander in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Attachment 1).

1.2. To adopt the decision on the activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces and the interaction of the Sides’ Law Enforcement Bodies in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict (Attachment 2).

2. The Information of the European Commission (EC) about the plans of the EC for the year 2003 on the implementation of rehabilitation projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Vantomme, K. Kochiev, Tedeev)

2.1. To adopt the decision on the information of the EC Delegation about the plans of the EC on the implementation of projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict for the year 2003 (Attachment 3).

3. On the implementation of recommendations of the VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups for the Settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, K.Kochiev)

3.1. To adopt the decision on the implementation of recommendations of the VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups for the Settlement of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict (Attachment 4).

4. On some organizational issues of the negotiation process for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and their financial provision.

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Lacombe, Kusov, Mayorov)

4.1. To adopt the decision on some organizational issues of the negotiation process for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and their financial provision (Attachment 5).

5. Miscellaneous

(Chochiev, Machavariani, Kusov, Mayorov, Bertran, Vantomme)

5.1. To establish a working group consisting of the sides’ representatives, the OSCE Mission to Georgia, the UNHCR, EC Delegation to Georgia for the elaboration of a draft provisions on the JCC information bulletin and charge the group with submitting this draft by 1 April to the JCC Co-chairmen for approval along the way.

5.2. The participants of the session took into account the information of the Head of the UNHCR to Georgia K. Bertran (enclosed).

The Chair of the Session,Head of JCC South Ossetian Part B. Chochiev

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/ in Russian)

 

 

Informal Translation

Attachment 2 To the Protocol #26 of the JCC Of 9-10 February 2003

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT On the Activities of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces and the Interaction between the Sides’ Law Enforcement Bodies in the Zone of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict

10 February 2003, Tskhinvali

Having heard and discussed the report of the acting JPKF Commander in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict Major-General S. Nabzdorov, the co-reports of the Sides’ Senior Military Representatives Col. K. Friev and Col. M. Kebadze, the Joint Control Commission (JCC) notes that the peacekeeping forces remain the most important guarantor of peace and order in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

A certain work on arranging the interaction between the law enforcement bodies of the sides within the frames of the SCC is being carried out. Joint measures on ensuring legal defense and personal security of citizens in the zone of conflict were undertaken.

Meanwhile, the situation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict remains complicated and demands improvement of the mechanism for interaction between the law enforcement bodies.

The Joint Control Commission resolved:

1. To take into account the report of the JPKF acting Commander in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict Maj. Gen. S. Nabzdorov.

2. For the JPKF acting Commander in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict to act in compliance with the Provisions on basic principles for military contingents’ activities and groups of military representatives, aimed at normalization in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

3. For the JCC working group for military issues and interaction between the law enforcement bodies to submit within a month proposals on the improvement of the SCC activities, including the OSCE suggestions taken into account.

4. For the SCC Co-Chairmen to elaborate within a month joint measures on combating organized crime, paying special attention to crimes related to vehicle hijackings, their illegal certification and selling. To undertake measures for timely return of the hijacked vehicles to their owners.

5. To continue the practice on submitting criminals together with investigation materials for a follow-up instituting them to criminal proceedings by corresponding sides.

6. In order to fulfill the recommendations of the VIII Meeting of Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups within the frames of the negotiation process for the full-scale settlement of Georgia-Ossetian conflict (Lisbon, 2002), to suggest the leadership of the law enforcement bodies of Georgia considering within a month the question about the expediency of block-posts functioning in the area of Tkviavi and Artsevi in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict.

7. For the leadership of the sides’ law enforcement bodies to study within a month the expediency of the bilateral law enforcement post located in the village of Kekhvi and submit consented proposals to the JCC CO-chairmen.

8. For the Joint Command of the JPKF to strengthen the control over the activities of trilateral observers in the area of Kekhvi.

9. For the Joint Command together with the sides’ law enforcement bodies to elaborate within two months Provisions on the terms of carrying service and combat weapons in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and the form of permits for carrying them, and submit to the JCC Co-chairmen for approval.

10. For the sides together with the Joint Command of the JPKF to elaborate within a month draft Provisions on terms of holding working meetings of the sides’ representatives on Thursdays, and submit to the JCC Co-chairmen for approval.

11. To support the intention of the head of the law enforcement bodies of Georgian and South Ossetian sides to hold a meeting with the aim of elaborating measures on strengthening interaction.

For South Ossetian Side

For Georgian Side

For North Ossetian Side

For Russian Side

In the presence of the OSCE

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/ in Russian)

 

 

Informal Translation

Attachment 3 To the Protocol # 26 of the JCC Of 9-10 February 2003

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT On the information of the EC Delegation to Georgia about the EC plans for the year 2003 on implementation of rehabilitation projects in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict

10 February 2003, Tskhinvali

Having heard the information of the Deputy Head of the EC Delegation to Georgia J. Vantomme,

The Joint Control Commission resolved:

1. To take into account the EC information (enclosed).

2. For the South Ossetian and Georgian sides within 10 days to hold consultations with the EC for elaboration of a consented document on the projects for social and economic rehabilitation in the zone of conflict on the expense of funding allocated by the EC within the budget for the year 1999.

3. Within the same timeframes, to agree upon the measures on continuing the projects on rehabilitation of the railway connection Gori-Tskhinvali and power supply within the agreement between “Vardnili GES” and “YUGOSETENERGO”.

For The South Ossetian Side

For The Georgian Side

For The North Ossetian Side

For The Russian Side

In the presence of the OSCE

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/ in Russian)

 

 

Informal Translation

Attachment 4 To the Protocol # 26 of the JCC Of 9-10 February 2003

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT On the implementation of recommendations of the VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups within the frames of the negotiation process for the full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict

10 February 2003, Tskhinvali

The VIII Meeting of the Sides’ Plenipotentiary Delegations Expert Groups on the full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict played a major role in the stabilization of the situation in the zone of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, which was characterized as tense. At the Joint Control Commission sessions taking place before the Expert Group Meeting held in Lisbon, one had to repeatedly consider various situations, which demanded rapid reaction, a search for ways on confidence building and establishing cooperation between the sides was ongoing.

Upon the results of the VIII Expert Group Meeting concrete recommendations were elaborated, aimed at strengthening confidence measures, guarantee of security between the sides. However, their practical implementation is proceeding slowly.

The Joint Control Commission for the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, having considered and discussed the process of implementation of the recommendations of the VIII Expert Group Meeting on the full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict, resolved:

1. To take into account the information about the process of implementation of the recommendations of the VIII Expert group Meeting.

2. To note that to a certain extent, these recommendations started to be implemented.

3. To address the Russian, North Ossetian sides and the OSCE with a request to facilitate the implementation of the recommendations of the VIII Expert Group Meeting.

For the South Ossetian side

For the Georgian side

In the presence

For The Osce Mission to Georgia

For The European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/ in Russian)

 

 

Informal Translation

Attachment 5 To the Protocol #26 of the JCC Of 9-10 February 2003

DECISION OF THE JOINT CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT On some organizational issues of the negotiation process on the settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and their financial provision

10 February 2003, Tskhinvali

In accordance with the JCC Decision of 25 October 2001 (Attachment 1 to the Protocol #19)

The Joint Control Commission resolved:

1. To adopt the following approximate schedule for the JCC activities for the year 2003. To consider it expedient to hold within the mentioned period not less than:

- Four JCC sessions, hosted by the sides in the following turn: South Ossetian, Georgian, Russian, North Ossetian;

- Four meeting of the Working Group on Economic Issues;

- Three meetings of the ad hoc Committee on voluntary refugee and IDP return;

as well as meeting of other working bodies of the JCC, when appropriate.

2. To recommend the sides to hold in the year 2003, not less than two meetings of Expert Groups for the full-scale settlement of Georgian-Ossetian conflict;

3. To consider it expedient to preserve similar periodicity of the JCC sessions and Expert Groups for the year 2004 as well;

4. Taking into consideration the positive results achieved within the project on providing support for the JCC Georgian and South Ossetian parts and Expert Groups of the Georgian and South Ossetian sides, the term of which expires on 30 June 2003, the JCC Georgian and South Ossetian parts addressed the European Union with a request to prolong the funding of the mentioned project.

For The South Ossetian Side

For The Georgian Side

For The North Ossetian Side

For The Russian Side

In the presence

For The OSCE

For The European Commission

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/ in Russian)

 

 

CONCLUDING STATEMENT on the meetings between Mr. Vladimir Putin-President of the Russian Federation and Mr. Eduard Shevardnadze-President of Georgia

On 6-7 March 2003, working meetings between Mr. Vladimir Putin-President of the Russian Federation and Mr. Eduard Shevardnadze-President of Georgia took place in Sochi. An Abkhaz delegation under the leadership of Mr. G. Gagulia participated during the discussions of a number of issues.

During the negotiations, the presidents of two countries addressed the issues of future development of bilateral relations, comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, as well as topical issues of international and regional dimensions, which are of interest for both countries.

It was underlined that completion of the work on draft of the framework treaty on friendly relations between Georgia and the Russian Federation was a matter of vital importance.

During the meetings, the importance of concrete steps to be taken aimed at the solution of the most burning problem- dignified and safely return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes and economic rehabilitation of the conflict zone, had been emphasized. In this context, it was deemed appropriate that all the efforts should be devoted to the following principal priorities - return of refugees and internally displaced persons, first of all to the Gali region, opening of direct Sochi-Tbilisi railway line, modernization of cascades of "Enguri" Power station and in case of need attraction of foreign capital. At the same time, it was taken into account, that restoration of Sochi-Tbilisi direct railway line shall be carried out simultaneously with return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes, first of all to the Gali region.

In case if agreement between the Parties is reached, working groups or commissions will be created for the realization of the aforementioned objectives. These provisions are based on the decisions and recommendations made by the international community previously.

Presidents of the Russian Federation and Georgia positively evaluated those efforts directed at peaceful, political settlement of the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia and underlined the positive role played by the UN and the Security Council in this regard. The Presidents expressed their hopes that implementation of economic projects would be conducive to strengthening the mutual trust between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides, stabilization of the situation and resumption of negotiation process aimed at comprehensive settlement of the conflict.

The issue of CIS collective peace-keeping forces had been addressed separately: It was decided, that the mandate of CIS collective peace-keeping force would be prolonged until 30 July 2003. The Presidents agreed, that from now on, these forces will remain located in the conflict zone, until one of the Parties demands termination of the peace-keeping operation.

Presidents of the Russian Federation and Georgia confirmed their readiness to make sure that border guard services of both countries would cooperate more closely and effectively.

The Presidents declared their readiness to continue and strengthen efforts aiming at further promotion of good-neighborly relations between Russia and Georgia based on the principles of friendship and mutually beneficial partnership.

(Newspaper “Svobodnaya Gruzia”, # 60, 12 March 2003/ in Russian)

 

 

THE PRINCIPLES FOR DIVISION OF COMPETENCES BETWEEN TBILISI AND SUKHUMI (Boden Document/project)

1. Georgia is a sovereign state based on the legal norms. The borders of Georgia, approved on 21 December 1991 may not be the subject of alteration unless it complies with the Constitution of Georgia.

2. Abkhazia is a sovereign entity, based on the legal norms, established within the Georgian state. Abkhazia has a special status within the state, which is based on the federal agreement and determines the common competences thereby constituting the guarantees of rights and interests of the multinational population of Abkhazia.

3. Distribution of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi is based on the Federal Agreement – Constitutional law; Abkhazia and Georgia observe the provisions of the Federal Agreement. Federal Agreement shall not be subject to changes and amendments without mutual consent of both sides.

4. Distribution of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi will be determined, among others, on the basis of Declaration of Measures on political settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict of 4 April 1994. The rights and competences of Abkhazia will be recognized within a broader scope than it was in 1992.

5. The Constitution of Georgia shall be changed in accordance of distribution of competences determined in the Federal Agreement; to this end it will be possible to use the Declaration of Measures on political settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict of 4 April 1994, namely its paragraph 7 concerning the ‘right to joint measures’.

6. The Constitution of Abkhazia, on the base of which it’s possible to lay the Constitution of Abkhazia of 26 November 1994, should be changed in accordance with the agreement on distribution of competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi, as it is determined in Federal Agreement.

7. Both, the Constitution of Georgia, as well as the Constitution of Abkhazia should consist of similar provisions with regard of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of everyone, eliminating discrimination against the rights of national minorities. Both, in the Constitution of Georgia, as well as in the Constitution of Abkhazia nothing shall violate indisputable rights to save return to their homes for all displaced people in conformity to the International Law.

8. The Georgian state and Abkhazia should agree the composition and activity of the Constitutional Court, which shall be guided by the Constitution of Georgia, the Constitution of Abkhazia and the Federal Agreement ‘on Basic principles of Division of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi’.

(Abkhaz Issue in Official Documents, Legislative and Executive organs of Georgia, International

Organizations, 1989-1999, part III, 2000-2004; authors: Vakhtang Kholbaia, Teimuraz Chakhrakia,

Rafiel Gelantia, David Latsuzbaia, Tb., 2004, p. 226-227/in Russian)

 

 

DECISION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CIS HEADS OF STATES on the presence of Collective Peace Keeping Forces in the Conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia

(…)

The Council of the Heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States decided:

1. To extend the term of presence and the mandate of the Collective Peace Keeping Forces in the conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia until 30 June 2002 or until one of the sides of the conflict will request the termination of the operation.

2. To approve the Mandate of the CIS PKF in the conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia from 1 January 2002 until this Decision comes into force.

3. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgian the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, with participation of the Headquarters on coordinating the military cooperation of the CIS member-states and in participation of the interim Operative Working Group of the CIS on regulating the conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, and in cooperation with the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary General in Georgia Mr. D. Boden shall consider the following issues:

- on enlargement the security zone in Abkhazia, Georgia, in particular, through inclusion in to the security zone the Gali District (within the old boundaries), putting the limitation line along the river Mokvi;

- on elaboration of additional security measures for return of refugees and IDPs to their dwellings;

- on elaborating the plan of re-dislocation of the CPKF, introducing the relevant changes and additions to the Mandate of the CPKF and other measures related to the enlargement of the security zone.

The information on conclusions and proposals shall be submitted to the next meeting of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS.

4. With account of conclusions of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS, the proposals shall be submitted to the Council of Heads of States of the CIS on extension or termination of operation of the CIS in the conflict zone of Abkhazia, Georgia.

5. To inform the Security Council of the UN on the given Decision of the Council of Heads of States of the CIS.

Done in Russian language according to the rule 6 of the Procedures of the Council of heads of States of the CIS. The original is kept at the Executive Committee of the CIS, which is to send the approved copies to each of the member states.

For the Republic of Azerbaijan For the Republic of Kazakhstan

A. Aliev 22 March 2002 N. Nazarbaev 1 February 2002

For the Republic of Armenia For the Republic of Kirgizstan

R. Kocharian 20 February 2002 A. Akaev 11 February 2002

For the Republic of Belarus For the Republic of Moldova

A. Lukasheno 1 March 2002 V. Voronin 15 February 2002

For Georgia For the Russian Federation

Shevardnadze 1 March 2002 V. Putin 8 February 2002

For the Republic of Uzbekistan For the Republic of Tajikistan

I. Karimov 22 March 2002 E. Rakhmanov 1 March 2002

For Ukraine For Turkmenistan

(Abkhaz Issue in Official Documents, Legislative and Executive organs of Georgia, International Organizations, 2000-2003, part III, authors: Vakhtang Kholbaia, Teimuraz Chakhrakia, Rafiel Gelantia, David Latsuzbaia, Tb., 2004, p. 244-245/ in Russian)

 

 

PROTOCOL # 27 MEETINGS OF COCHAIRMEN OF THE JCC FOR GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

May 14-16, 2003, Gori

Chaired by: Irakli Machavariani – Personal Representative of President of Georgia on Political Problems of National safety and Conflict Settlement, Head of the georgian part of the JCC

Agenda

1. On actions to be taken for realization of the agreement between the governments of russian federation and georgia on mutual cooperation and rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict and return of refuges dated december 23, 2000.

2 on the implementation of the rehabilitation program of the european commissio

3. On activities of the jpkf and law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict.

4. On the bulletin of the JCC.

5. Miscellaneous.

Resolved:

1. On actions to be taken for realization of the agreement between the governments of russian federation and georgia on mutual cooperation and rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict and return of refuges dated december 23, 2000.

(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Medzmariashvili, Kochiev, Tibilov, Ganchev, Dabro)

1.1. Approve the decision on actions to be taken for realization of the agreement between the governments of russian federation and georgia on mutual cooperation and rehabilitation of economy in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict and return of refuges dated december 23, 2000 (annex 1).

2. On realization of the rehabilitation program of the european commission.

(machavariani, kusov, chochiev, mayorov, medzmariashvili, kochiev, tibilov, ganchev, dabro)

2.1. Approve the decision on realization of the rehabilitation program of the european commission (annex 2)

3. On activities of the jpkf and law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict.

(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov, Yevnevich, Kublashviili, Bedianishvili, Kochiev, Tibilov. Tskhovrebov, Rostovtsev)

3.1. Approve the decision on activities of the jpkf and law enforcement organs of the parties in the zone of the georgian-ossetian conflict (annex 3).

4. On the bulletin of the JCC.

(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov)

4.1. The parties exchanged proposals and opinions on the issuance of the information bulletin of the jcc. The parties agreed to hold a meeting of the workgroup established on the basis of the decision of the jcc on february 9, 2003, for the purpose of developing the draft provisions on the information bulletin of the jcc. The stated draft and respective draft decision should be presented to the jcc for approval on the 28th session in moscow. The date and venue of the meeting of the workgroup shall be defined along the work.

5. Miscellaneous

(Machavariani, Kusov, Chochiev, Mayorov)

5.1. Next session of the jcc shall be held on june 22-25, 2003 in moscow. At the stated session, the issue on development and realization of the inter-state program on return of refugees considered under the agreement between russia and georgia dated december 23, 2000 shall be reviewed.

5.2. express deep satisfaction to the georgian party, especially to the administration of the region of shida kartli, for their hospitality and creation of favorable conditions for holding the 27th session of the jcc.

I. Machavariani, Chairman of the session, Head of the georgian part of the jcc

(Archive of the Staff of the State Minister of Georgia for Conflict Resolution Issues/in Russian)